压裂输砂与返排一体化物理模拟实验研究
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摘要
为了研究压裂和返排过程中支撑剂在裂缝中的运移、沉降和回流规律,自主研制了"YF-1"型压裂输砂和返排一体化模拟实验装置,在模拟储层温度、闭合应力和滤失情况下,开展了不同裂缝宽度、压裂液黏度、支撑剂类型、排量和出砂临界流速等因素在输砂和返排过程中对砂堤剖面的影响实验。实验结果表明:输砂和返排过程中,液体黏度是影响砂堤剖面的最主要因素,其次是支撑剂粒径和排量,裂缝宽度对砂堤剖面的影响最小;在返排过程中,液体黏度越小,出砂临界流速越大;缝宽和支撑剂粒径越大,出砂临界流速越大,在压裂后放喷时,应保证压裂液完全破胶,避免出砂。研究结果为压裂液优选、压裂施工参数优化、支撑剂优选及压裂后返排制度的制订提供了依据。
In order to study the migration,sedimentation and reflux regularity of proppant in fracture during fracturing and backflow,a " YF-1" integrated modeling experiment device for sand transport and backflow in fracturing was developed independently. In the case of simulating the reservoir temperature,closure stress and fluid loss,the experiment of effect of different fracture widths,fracturing fluid viscosities,proppants,displacements and sanding critical flow velocities on the sand bank profile during sand transport and backflow was carried out. The experimental results show that in the course of sand transport and backflow,the liquid viscosity is the most important factor affecting the sand bank profile,followed by the proppant size and displacement,and the influence of fracture width on the sand bank profile is the least; in the course of backflow,the lower the liquid viscocity,the greater the sanding critical flow velocity; the larger the fracture width and proppant size,the greater the sanding critical flow velocity; and at the time of blow off after fracturing,the fracturing fluid should be ensured complete gelout to avoid sand production. The study results provide the basis for the optimal selection of fracturing fluid,the optimization of fracturing operation parameters,the optimal selection of proppant and the formulation of the post-frac backflow system.
In order to study the migration,sedimentation and reflux regularity of proppant in fracture during fracturing and backflow,a " YF-1" integrated modeling experiment device for sand transport and backflow in fracturing was developed independently. In the case of simulating the reservoir temperature,closure stress and fluid loss,the experiment of effect of different fracture widths,fracturing fluid viscosities,proppants,displacements and sanding critical flow velocities on the sand bank profile during sand transport and backflow was carried out. The experimental results show that in the course of sand transport and backflow,the liquid viscosity is the most important factor affecting the sand bank profile,followed by the proppant size and displacement,and the influence of fracture width on the sand bank profile is the least; in the course of backflow,the lower the liquid viscocity,the greater the sanding critical flow velocity; the larger the fracture width and proppant size,the greater the sanding critical flow velocity; and at the time of blow off after fracturing,the fracturing fluid should be ensured complete gelout to avoid sand production. The study results provide the basis for the optimal selection of fracturing fluid,the optimization of fracturing operation parameters,the optimal selection of proppant and the formulation of the post-frac backflow system.
引文
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[21]温庆志,刘欣佳,黄波,等.水力压裂可视裂缝模拟系统的研制与应用[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(2):136-139.
[22]温庆志,段晓飞,战永平,等.支撑剂在复杂缝网中的沉降运移规律研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,31(1):79-84.
[23]周德胜,张争,惠峰,等.滑溜水压裂主裂缝内支撑剂输送规律实验及数值模拟[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(4):499-508.
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[25]梁莹,罗斌,黄霞.水力压裂低密度支撑剂铺置规律研究及应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(3):110-113.
[26]李骏.可视化变角度缝网支撑剂铺置装置研发及实验规律研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.
[2]郭大立,纪禄军,赵金洲.支撑剂在三维裂缝中的运移分布计算[J].河南石油,2001,15(2):32-34.
[3]乔继彤,张若京,姚飞.水力压裂的支撑剂输送分析[J].工程力学,2000,17(5):89-91.
[4]何世云,陈琛.加砂压裂压后排液的控砂技术[J].天然气工业,2002,22(3):45-46.
[5]赵晓.压裂液返排模型的建立及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(3):63-65.
[6]林永茂,刁素,向丽,等.压裂井高效返排技术的完善及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(5):86-88.
[7]胡学军,冯建华,齐梅,等.砂岩气藏基质酸化残液返排影响因素研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(2):95-97.
[8]陈冬林,张保英,谭明文,等.支撑剂回流控制技术的新发展[J].天然气工业,2006,26(1):101-103.
[9]郭建春,曾凡辉,余东合,等.压裂水平井支撑剂运移及产量研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2009,31(4):80-83.
[10]何世云,陈琛.加砂压裂压后排液的控砂技术[J].天然气工业,2002,22(3):45-46.
[11]胡奥林,陈吉开.包胶支撑剂及回流控制技术的新进展[J].钻采工艺,1999,22(3):44-46.
[12]温庆志,罗明良,李加娜,等.压裂支撑剂在裂缝中的沉降规律[J].油气地质与采收率,2009,16(3):100-103.
[13]温庆志,翟恒立,罗明良,等.页岩气藏压裂支撑剂沉降及运移规律实验研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):104-107.
[14]温庆志,胡蓝霄,翟恒立,等.滑溜水压裂裂缝内砂堤形成规律[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(3):137-139.
[15]温庆志,高金剑,黄波,等.通道压裂砂堤分布规律研究[J].特种油气藏,2014,20(4):89-92.
[16]温庆志,高金剑,刘华,等.滑溜水携砂性能动态实验[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(2):97-100.
[17]温庆志,高金剑,邵俊杰,等.滑溜水压裂支撑剂在水平井筒内沉降规律研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,30(4):73-78.
[18]温庆志,李杨,徐希,等.水力压裂单缝中常用压裂液携砂性能评价[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(4):123-126.
[19]温庆志,高金剑,刘华,等.纤维压裂液携砂性能实验评价[J].科技导报,2015,33(7):39-42.
[20]温庆志,杨英涛,王峰,等.新型通道压裂支撑剂铺置试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):112-117.
[21]温庆志,刘欣佳,黄波,等.水力压裂可视裂缝模拟系统的研制与应用[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(2):136-139.
[22]温庆志,段晓飞,战永平,等.支撑剂在复杂缝网中的沉降运移规律研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,31(1):79-84.
[23]周德胜,张争,惠峰,等.滑溜水压裂主裂缝内支撑剂输送规律实验及数值模拟[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(4):499-508.
[24]李靓.压裂缝内支撑剂沉降和运移规律实验研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.
[25]梁莹,罗斌,黄霞.水力压裂低密度支撑剂铺置规律研究及应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(3):110-113.
[26]李骏.可视化变角度缝网支撑剂铺置装置研发及实验规律研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.