北极公海渔业管理制度初探
|
摘要
气候变化下的北极渔业发展备受瞩目。由于缺乏针对性管理制度与管理组织,北极公海渔业管理面临着挑战,而北极5国在渔业管理制度构建中所表现的主导意愿使北极渔业管理更趋复杂化。虽然未来北极公海渔业管理有很多可能的模式,变幻的自然环境、复杂的北极地缘政治、北极与非北极国家之间的博弈使北极渔业管理的走向未明。但是,本着实现北极渔业资源可持续性发展的目标,北极与非北极国家之间的国际合作才是构建合理、合法北极公海渔业管理制度的前提。
The Arctic fisheries under climate change have been an international concern.For lack of tailored management system and organizations,the Arctic high seas fisheries management encounters various challenges.What makes it worse is the stewardship that five Arctic coastal states are trying to impose on the construction of Arctic high seas fisheries management system.Although there are various possible patterns for the future Arctic high seas fisheries management,it still remains unpredictable due to the changing climate,complicated geopolitics in the Arctic,and intense political game between Arctic coastal states and non-Arctic coastal states.However,the international cooperation between two parties is the essential prerequisite for the sustainable development of the Arctic fisheries resources.
The Arctic fisheries under climate change have been an international concern.For lack of tailored management system and organizations,the Arctic high seas fisheries management encounters various challenges.What makes it worse is the stewardship that five Arctic coastal states are trying to impose on the construction of Arctic high seas fisheries management system.Although there are various possible patterns for the future Arctic high seas fisheries management,it still remains unpredictable due to the changing climate,complicated geopolitics in the Arctic,and intense political game between Arctic coastal states and non-Arctic coastal states.However,the international cooperation between two parties is the essential prerequisite for the sustainable development of the Arctic fisheries resources.
引文
[1]邹磊磊.南北极渔业管理机制的对比研究及中国极地渔业政策[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[2]Lilly Weidemann.International Governance of the Arctic Marine Environment with Particular Emphasis on High Seas Fisheries[M].Switzerland:Springer,2014.
[3]Jennifer Jefferson.Climate Change and the Arctic:Adapting to Changes in Fisheries Stocks and Governance Regimes[J].Ecology Law Quarterly,Vol.37,2010:917-977.
[4]David Leary.Looking beyond the International Polar Year:What are the Emerging and Re-emerging Issues in International Law and Policy in the Polar Regions?[J].The Yearbook of Polar Law,Vol.1,2009:1-19.
[5]Rosemary Rayfuse.Warm Waters and Cold Shoulders:Jostling for Jurisdiction in Polar Oceans[J].The Yearbook of Polar Law,Vol.1,2009:465-476.
[6]A5 Meeting on Arctic Fisheries.Chairman's Statement[R].Nuuk of Greenland,February 24-26,2014.http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/Assets/2014/09/ArcticNationsAgreetoWorkonInternationalFisheries-Accord.pdf?la=en,访问日期2014年12月12日.
[7]A5 Meeting on Future Arctic Fisheries Chairman's Statement[R].Washington,D.C.of USA,April 29-May 1,2013.http://www.state.gov/e/oes/rls/pr/2013/209176.htm,2014-12-12.
[8]Times Colonist.Canada joins Arctic fishing moratorium[R].Times Colonist(Victoria,British Columbia),Feb 28,2014.
[9]Timo Koivurova,Erik J.Molenaar,and David L.Vanderzwaag.Canada,the EU,and Arctic Ocean Governance:a Tangled and Shifting Seascape and Future Directions[J].Journal of Transnatinal Law and Policy,Vol.18,No.2,2009:248-287.
[10]Anne Babcock Hollowed,Benjamin Planque,and Harald Loeng.Potential Movement of Fish and Shellfish Stocks from the Sub-Arctic to the Arctic Ocean[J].Fisheries Oceanography,Vol.22,No.5,2013:355-370.
[11]Erik J.Molenaar.Arctic Fisheries Conservation and Management:Initial Steps of Reform of the International Legal Framework[J].The Yearbook of Polar Law,Vol.1,2009:427-463.
[12]Erik J.Molenaar and Robert Corell.Background Paper for the Arctic Transform Project of the European Commission[J].Ecologic,Vol.9,No.26,2009.
[13]Robin Boswell.Canada Files Protest over US Fishing Ban in Arctic[R].National Post,Sept 3,2009.http://www.nationalpost.com/related/topics/Canada+files+protest+over+fishing+Arctic/1959555/story.html,2014-12-12.
[14]Lorraine Ridgeway."Issues in Arctic Fisheries Governance:A Canadian Perspective"[C]in"Changes in the Arctic Environment and the Law of the Sea"Edited by Myron H.Nordquist,John Norton Moore,and Tomas H.Heidar,2010:409-446.
[15]Jennifer Jefferson."Ensuring the Protection of Arctic Marine Biodiversity in the Face of Climate Change"[C]in"Changes in the Arctic Environment and the Law of the Sea"Edited by Myron H.Nordquist,John Norton Moore and Tomas H.Heidar,Boston:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,2010:P323-364.
[2]Lilly Weidemann.International Governance of the Arctic Marine Environment with Particular Emphasis on High Seas Fisheries[M].Switzerland:Springer,2014.
[3]Jennifer Jefferson.Climate Change and the Arctic:Adapting to Changes in Fisheries Stocks and Governance Regimes[J].Ecology Law Quarterly,Vol.37,2010:917-977.
[4]David Leary.Looking beyond the International Polar Year:What are the Emerging and Re-emerging Issues in International Law and Policy in the Polar Regions?[J].The Yearbook of Polar Law,Vol.1,2009:1-19.
[5]Rosemary Rayfuse.Warm Waters and Cold Shoulders:Jostling for Jurisdiction in Polar Oceans[J].The Yearbook of Polar Law,Vol.1,2009:465-476.
[6]A5 Meeting on Arctic Fisheries.Chairman's Statement[R].Nuuk of Greenland,February 24-26,2014.http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/Assets/2014/09/ArcticNationsAgreetoWorkonInternationalFisheries-Accord.pdf?la=en,访问日期2014年12月12日.
[7]A5 Meeting on Future Arctic Fisheries Chairman's Statement[R].Washington,D.C.of USA,April 29-May 1,2013.http://www.state.gov/e/oes/rls/pr/2013/209176.htm,2014-12-12.
[8]Times Colonist.Canada joins Arctic fishing moratorium[R].Times Colonist(Victoria,British Columbia),Feb 28,2014.
[9]Timo Koivurova,Erik J.Molenaar,and David L.Vanderzwaag.Canada,the EU,and Arctic Ocean Governance:a Tangled and Shifting Seascape and Future Directions[J].Journal of Transnatinal Law and Policy,Vol.18,No.2,2009:248-287.
[10]Anne Babcock Hollowed,Benjamin Planque,and Harald Loeng.Potential Movement of Fish and Shellfish Stocks from the Sub-Arctic to the Arctic Ocean[J].Fisheries Oceanography,Vol.22,No.5,2013:355-370.
[11]Erik J.Molenaar.Arctic Fisheries Conservation and Management:Initial Steps of Reform of the International Legal Framework[J].The Yearbook of Polar Law,Vol.1,2009:427-463.
[12]Erik J.Molenaar and Robert Corell.Background Paper for the Arctic Transform Project of the European Commission[J].Ecologic,Vol.9,No.26,2009.
[13]Robin Boswell.Canada Files Protest over US Fishing Ban in Arctic[R].National Post,Sept 3,2009.http://www.nationalpost.com/related/topics/Canada+files+protest+over+fishing+Arctic/1959555/story.html,2014-12-12.
[14]Lorraine Ridgeway."Issues in Arctic Fisheries Governance:A Canadian Perspective"[C]in"Changes in the Arctic Environment and the Law of the Sea"Edited by Myron H.Nordquist,John Norton Moore,and Tomas H.Heidar,2010:409-446.
[15]Jennifer Jefferson."Ensuring the Protection of Arctic Marine Biodiversity in the Face of Climate Change"[C]in"Changes in the Arctic Environment and the Law of the Sea"Edited by Myron H.Nordquist,John Norton Moore and Tomas H.Heidar,Boston:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,2010:P323-364.