机载激光测深去卷积信号提取方法的比较
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摘要
为提高机载激光测深信号提取的精度,在测深波形数据处理中引入去卷积信号提取方法,即利用去卷积对波形进行预处理,再对去卷积后的波形实现峰值检测,以精确确定测深信号位置。通过定义性能评定指标对维纳滤波去卷积、非负最小二乘、理查德森-露西去卷积、盲源去卷积4种常用去卷积算法的信号复原能力进行对比分析,并对去卷积信号提取方法的信号检测能力进行验证。试验结果表明,理查德森-露西去卷积算法能够显著提高测深信号分辨率,且算法适应性强,成功率高;相比传统的峰值检测方法,去卷积信号提取方法具有更高的信号检测率、精度和更广的测深范围。
To improve the extraction accuracy for airborne LiDAR bathymetry,a signal extraction method based on deconvolution is introduced in waveform processing in this paper.The received waveform is preprocessed by deconvolution,and the accurate positions of the LiDAR signals are determined by the peak detection.For the deconvolution,the validity of four common algorithms,namely,Wiener filter deconvolution,nonnegative least squares,Richardson-Lucy deconvolution and blind deconvolution,are comparatively studied and the performance of the proposed method is assessed by the defined metrics.The experimental results show that the RichardsonLucy deconvolution can effectively recover the signal resolution with wide adaptation and high success rate.The proposed method compared to the traditional peak detection methods offers a higher detection rate and accuracy and a wider range of bathymetry.
To improve the extraction accuracy for airborne LiDAR bathymetry,a signal extraction method based on deconvolution is introduced in waveform processing in this paper.The received waveform is preprocessed by deconvolution,and the accurate positions of the LiDAR signals are determined by the peak detection.For the deconvolution,the validity of four common algorithms,namely,Wiener filter deconvolution,nonnegative least squares,Richardson-Lucy deconvolution and blind deconvolution,are comparatively studied and the performance of the proposed method is assessed by the defined metrics.The experimental results show that the RichardsonLucy deconvolution can effectively recover the signal resolution with wide adaptation and high success rate.The proposed method compared to the traditional peak detection methods offers a higher detection rate and accuracy and a wider range of bathymetry.
引文
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[18]胡善江,贺岩,臧华国,等.新型机载激光测深系统及其飞行实验结果[J].中国激光,2006,33(9):1163-1167.HU Shanjiang,HE Yan,ZANG Huaguo,et al.A New Airborne Laser Bathymetry System and Survey Result[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2006,33(9):1163-1167.
[19]ABDALLAH H,BAGHDADI N,BAILLY J S,et al.WaLiD:A New LiDAR Simulator for Waters[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2012,9(4):744-748.DOI:10.1109/LGRS.2011.2180506.
[20]DOUGLASS A R,SCHOEBERL M R,KAWA S R,et al.A Composite View of Ozone Evolution in the 1995-1996Northern Winter Polar Vortex Developed from Airborne LiDAR and Satellite Observations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(D9):9879-9895.DOI:10.1029/2000JD900590.
[21]LI Pengcheng,XU Qing,CUI Pingyuan,et al.Stepwise Decomposition of Full-waveform Data Based on Levenberg Marquardt[J].Studies in Surveying and Mapping Science,2014,2:14-19.
[22]PARK Y J,DHO S W,KONG H J.Deconvolution of Longpulse LiDAR Signals with Matrix Formulation[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(21):5158-5161.DOI:10.1364/AO.36.005158.
[23]RONCAT A,BERGAUER G,PFEIFER N.B-Spline Deconvolution for Differential Target Cross-section Determination in Full-waveform Laser Scanning Data[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2011,66(4):418-428.DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.02.002.
[24]李凯,张永生,童晓冲,等.定角圆锥扫描式机载激光测深系统定位模型与精度评价[J].测绘学报,2016,45(4):425-433.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150161.LI Kai,ZHANG Yongsheng,TONG Xiaochong,et al.Positioning Model and Accuracy Evaluation of Conical Scanning Airborne Laser Bathymetry System[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(4):425-433.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150161.
[25]申二华,张永生,李凯.圆扫描式机载激光测深系统检校模型及仿真分析[J].测绘学报,2016,45(8):943-951.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150532.SHEN Erhua,ZHANG Yongsheng,LI Kai.The Calibration Model and Simulation Analysis of Circular Scanning Airborne Laser Bathymetry System[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(8):943-951.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150532.
[26]GUENTHER G C,CUNNINGHAM A G,LAROCQUE P E,et al.Meeting the Accuracy Challenge in Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry[C]∥Proceedings of the 20th EARSeL Symposium:Workshop on LiDAR Remote Sensing of Land and Sea.Dresden,Germany:European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories,2000:1-21.
[2]王越.机载激光浅海测深技术的现状和发展[J].测绘地理信息,2014,39(3):38-42,67.WANG Yue.Current Status and Development of Airborne Laser Bathymetry Technology[J].Journal of Geomatics,2014,39(3):38-42,67.
[3]MALLET C,BRETAR F.Full-waveform Topographic LiDAR:State-of-the-art[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2009,64(1):1-16.DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.09.007.
[4]WANG Chisheng,LI Qingquan,LIU Yanxiong,et al.A Comparison of Waveform Processing Algorithms for Single-wavelength LiDAR Bathymetry[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2015,101:22-35.DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.11.005.
[5]JUTZI B,STILLA U.Range Determination with Waveform Recording Laser Systems Using a Wiener Filter[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2006,61(2):95-107.DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.09.001.
[6]WU Jiaying,VAN AARDT J A N,MCGLINCHY J,et al.A Robust Signal Preprocessing Chain for Small-footprint Waveform LiDAR[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2012,50(8):3242-3255.DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2011.2178420.
[7]WU Jiaying,VAN AARDT J A N,ASNER G P.A Comparison of Signal Deconvolution Algorithms Based on Small-footprint LiDAR Waveform Simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2011,49(6):2402-2414.DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2010.2103080.
[8]NAIK R K,SAHU P K.Least Square Deconvolution of Rayleigh LiDAR System for upper Atmospheric Study[C]∥Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Microwaves,Antenna,Propagation and Remote Sensing.Jodhpur,India:ICMARS,2014.
[9]NAIK R K,SAHU P K.Comprehensive Study on Deconvolution and Denoising of LiDAR Back-scattered Signal[C]∥Proceedings of 2013International Conference on Microwave and Photonics(ICMAP).Dhanbad,India:IEEE,2013:1-6.DOI:10.1109/ICMAP.2013.6733539.
[10]FERNANDEZ-DIAZ J C,GLENNIE C L,CARTER W E,et al.Early Results of Simultaneous Terrain and Shallow Water Bathymetry Mapping Using a Single-wavelength Airborne LiDAR Sensor[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2014,7(2):623-635.DOI:10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2265255.
[11]WANG C K,PHILPOT W D.Using Airborne Bathymetric LiDAR to Detect Bottom Type Variation in Shallow Waters[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2007,106(1):123-135.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2006.08.003.
[12]PARK Y J,DHO S W,KONG H J.Deconvolution of Long-pulse LiDAR Signals with Matrix Formulation[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(21):5158-5161.DOI:10.1364/AO.36.005158.
[13]GONZALEZ R C,WOODS R E,EDDINS S L.Digital Image Processing Using Matlab[M].New Jersey:Pearson Prentice Hall,2004.
[14]LAWSON C L,HANSON R J.Solving Least Squares Problems[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1974.
[15]BIGGS D S C,ANDREWS M.Acceleration of Iterative Image Restoration Algorithms[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(8):1766-1775.DOI:10.1364/AO.36.001766.
[16]WAGNER W,ULLRICH A,MELZER T,et al.From Single-pulse to Full-waveform Airborne Laser Scanners:Potential and Practical Challenges[C]∥International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.Istanbul,Turkey:IAPRS,2004:201-206.
[17]叶修松.机载激光水深探测技术基础及数据处理方法研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2010.YE Xiusong.Research on Principle and Data Processing Methods of Airborne Laser Bathymetric Technique[D].Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University,2010.
[18]胡善江,贺岩,臧华国,等.新型机载激光测深系统及其飞行实验结果[J].中国激光,2006,33(9):1163-1167.HU Shanjiang,HE Yan,ZANG Huaguo,et al.A New Airborne Laser Bathymetry System and Survey Result[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2006,33(9):1163-1167.
[19]ABDALLAH H,BAGHDADI N,BAILLY J S,et al.WaLiD:A New LiDAR Simulator for Waters[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2012,9(4):744-748.DOI:10.1109/LGRS.2011.2180506.
[20]DOUGLASS A R,SCHOEBERL M R,KAWA S R,et al.A Composite View of Ozone Evolution in the 1995-1996Northern Winter Polar Vortex Developed from Airborne LiDAR and Satellite Observations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(D9):9879-9895.DOI:10.1029/2000JD900590.
[21]LI Pengcheng,XU Qing,CUI Pingyuan,et al.Stepwise Decomposition of Full-waveform Data Based on Levenberg Marquardt[J].Studies in Surveying and Mapping Science,2014,2:14-19.
[22]PARK Y J,DHO S W,KONG H J.Deconvolution of Longpulse LiDAR Signals with Matrix Formulation[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(21):5158-5161.DOI:10.1364/AO.36.005158.
[23]RONCAT A,BERGAUER G,PFEIFER N.B-Spline Deconvolution for Differential Target Cross-section Determination in Full-waveform Laser Scanning Data[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2011,66(4):418-428.DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.02.002.
[24]李凯,张永生,童晓冲,等.定角圆锥扫描式机载激光测深系统定位模型与精度评价[J].测绘学报,2016,45(4):425-433.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150161.LI Kai,ZHANG Yongsheng,TONG Xiaochong,et al.Positioning Model and Accuracy Evaluation of Conical Scanning Airborne Laser Bathymetry System[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(4):425-433.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150161.
[25]申二华,张永生,李凯.圆扫描式机载激光测深系统检校模型及仿真分析[J].测绘学报,2016,45(8):943-951.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150532.SHEN Erhua,ZHANG Yongsheng,LI Kai.The Calibration Model and Simulation Analysis of Circular Scanning Airborne Laser Bathymetry System[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(8):943-951.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150532.
[26]GUENTHER G C,CUNNINGHAM A G,LAROCQUE P E,et al.Meeting the Accuracy Challenge in Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry[C]∥Proceedings of the 20th EARSeL Symposium:Workshop on LiDAR Remote Sensing of Land and Sea.Dresden,Germany:European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories,2000:1-21.