枯草芽孢杆菌/植物协同修复菲污染土壤实验研究
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摘要
研究了两种典型植物黑麦草(ryegrass)和苜蓿(alfalfa)分别接种枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,BS)对土壤中菲的协同修复作用.通过30天的盆栽实验,结果发现:1)种植植物后,菲污染土壤中的p H值显著上升,而有机质明显下降,且加入BS后对土壤中的p H值几乎没有影响,而土壤中的有机质含量则明显下降; 2)植物的生物量随着土壤中菲浓度的增加略有下降,而加入BS后,植物的生物量略有增加; 3)黑麦和苜蓿能促进土壤中菲的降解,黑麦草和苜蓿对低、中、高浓度的菲污染土壤中菲的去除率分别是78. 01%、81. 74%、90. 47%和55. 99%、74. 06%、88. 57%,加入BS后,最高去除率均达90%以上,而不加植物则去除率仅为24. 34%、27. 15%和31. 73%.上述实验表明:黑麦草和苜蓿草接种枯草芽孢杆菌可以有效修复菲污染土壤,且土壤中的菲可以通过自然挥发、微生物降解、植物根系降解、植物吸收累积等途径得以去除,其中微生物在降解过程中发挥了重要的作用.
In this study,the effects of removing phenanthrene by inoculating ryegrass and alfalfa with Bacillus subtilis( BS) are studied respectively. The results of the thirty-day pot experiment show that the polluted soil p H increases significantly while the content of organic matter decreases obviously after planting these two plants and the addition of BS has little effect on soil p H but leads significant decrease of organic matter; The biomass of the plants decreases with the increase of the phenanthrene concentration in the soil,but it increases a little after being added with BS; For different concentration of phenanthrene in the soil,i. e. low,medium and high,in the control groups without plants,the remove rates of phenanthrene just reach 24. 34 %,27. 15 % and 31. 73 %,while in the experiment groups,the remove rates of phenanthrene by ryegrass and alfalfa reach 78. 01 %, 81. 74 %, 90. 47 %,and55. 99 %,74. 06 %,88. 57 %,respectively,and the phenanthrene remove rate exceeds 90% after adding BS to the soil. The experiment above shows that inoculating ryegrass and alfalfa with Bacillus subtilis( BS) can effectively remedy the phenanthrene polluted soil,and the phenanthrene can be removed through natural volatilization,microbial degradation,plant root system degradation and plant absorption accumulation and the microorganisms play an important role in the degradation process.
In this study,the effects of removing phenanthrene by inoculating ryegrass and alfalfa with Bacillus subtilis( BS) are studied respectively. The results of the thirty-day pot experiment show that the polluted soil p H increases significantly while the content of organic matter decreases obviously after planting these two plants and the addition of BS has little effect on soil p H but leads significant decrease of organic matter; The biomass of the plants decreases with the increase of the phenanthrene concentration in the soil,but it increases a little after being added with BS; For different concentration of phenanthrene in the soil,i. e. low,medium and high,in the control groups without plants,the remove rates of phenanthrene just reach 24. 34 %,27. 15 % and 31. 73 %,while in the experiment groups,the remove rates of phenanthrene by ryegrass and alfalfa reach 78. 01 %, 81. 74 %, 90. 47 %,and55. 99 %,74. 06 %,88. 57 %,respectively,and the phenanthrene remove rate exceeds 90% after adding BS to the soil. The experiment above shows that inoculating ryegrass and alfalfa with Bacillus subtilis( BS) can effectively remedy the phenanthrene polluted soil,and the phenanthrene can be removed through natural volatilization,microbial degradation,plant root system degradation and plant absorption accumulation and the microorganisms play an important role in the degradation process.
引文
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[17]纪宏伟,王小敏,庞宏伟,等.枯草芽孢杆菌与巨大芽孢杆菌对土壤有效态Cd的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):325-329.
[18]杨榕,李博文,刘微.胶质芽孢杆菌对印度芥菜富集土壤Cd及土壤p H的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(6):1648-1654.
[19]高祥照,胡克林,郭焱,等.土壤养分与作物产量的空间变异特征与精确施肥[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(6):660-666.
[20]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[21]刘魏魏,尹睿,林先贵,等.生物表面活性剂-微生物强化紫花苜蓿修复多环芳烃污染土壤[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):1079-1084.
[22]高彦征,凌婉婷,朱利中,等.黑麦草对多环芳烃污染土壤的修复作用及机制[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(3):498-502.
[2]宋玉芳,常士俊,李利,等.污灌土壤中多环芳烃的积累与动态变化研究[J].应用生态学报,1997,8(1):93-98.
[3]宋玉芳,许华夏,任丽萍.土壤重金属对白菜种子发芽与根伸长抑制的生态毒性效应[J].环境科学,2003,23(1):103-107.
[4]孙铁珩,宋玉芳.植物法修复PAHS和矿物油污染土壤的调控研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(2):225-229.
[5]王慧,徐胜,陈玮,等.土壤菲污染对两种草坪草种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1627-1631.
[6]王雁,缪昆.城市森林植物修复污染土壤的功能[J].东北林业大学学报,2003,31(5):65-67.
[7]范淑秀,李培军,何娜,等.多环芳烃污染土壤的植物修复研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,4(6):2007-2013.
[8]姚伦芳,滕应,刘方,等.多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物-紫花苜蓿联合修复效应[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(5):890-896.
[9]孙萍,高永超,张强,等.多环芳烃污染土壤微生物修复技术[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(19):6220-6223.
[10]丁克强,孙铁珩,李培军.石油污染土壤的生物修复技术[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(2):50-55.
[11]杨占文.土壤中多环芳烃菲和芘降解的研究进展[J].山东化工,2008,37(1):30-33.
[12]王艮梅,刘洋.有机物料及表面活性剂对植物修复菲污染土壤的影响[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(11):42-46.
[13]羊留冬,杨燕,王根绪,等.森林凋落物对种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(9):1820-1826.
[14]袁馨,魏世强,潘声旺.苏丹草对土壤中菲芘的修复作用[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(7):1410-1415.
[15]蔡邦年,王振忠,梁育勤,等.鹤望兰优株评选的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(5):49-51.
[16]张晓斌,占新华,周立祥,等.小麦/苜蓿套作条件下菲污染土壤理化性质的动态变化[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1462-1470.
[17]纪宏伟,王小敏,庞宏伟,等.枯草芽孢杆菌与巨大芽孢杆菌对土壤有效态Cd的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):325-329.
[18]杨榕,李博文,刘微.胶质芽孢杆菌对印度芥菜富集土壤Cd及土壤p H的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(6):1648-1654.
[19]高祥照,胡克林,郭焱,等.土壤养分与作物产量的空间变异特征与精确施肥[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(6):660-666.
[20]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[21]刘魏魏,尹睿,林先贵,等.生物表面活性剂-微生物强化紫花苜蓿修复多环芳烃污染土壤[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):1079-1084.
[22]高彦征,凌婉婷,朱利中,等.黑麦草对多环芳烃污染土壤的修复作用及机制[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(3):498-502.