壳白长牡蛎家系幼体生长存活比较及生长性状遗传参数评估
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摘要
研究以经过连续7代人工选育壳白长牡蛎品系为素材,通过巢式设计,成功构建了12个半同胞家系和29个全同胞家系,同时以未经选育的个体子代为对照组,评估了各家系和对照组幼体在不同日龄下的生长和存活差异。结果显示,不同日龄,壳白长牡蛎家系幼体生长和存活率均高于对照组,壳高和存活率分别提高3.65%—14.58%和1.11%—19.26%;生长和存活性状在不同壳白家系间差异显著(P<0.05),其中G11、G15和G35家系在生长和存活率方面均有较大优势,在19日龄,与壳白家系平均值相比,其壳高的累积生长量分别增加11.87%、17.03%和30.32%,存活率分别提高38.35%、33.41%和51.07%;与对照组相比,其壳高的累积生长量分别增加34.09%、28.18%和49.31%,存活率分别提高65.00%、59.11%和80.18%。同时对壳白长牡蛎幼体壳高和壳长的遗传参数进行了评估。壳白长牡蛎幼体壳高和壳长的遗传力变化范围分别为0.28—0.81、0.42—0.88,均属于中高遗传力;壳白长牡蛎幼体不同日龄壳高和壳长的遗传相关和表型相关均为正相关,相关系数的范围分别为0.35—0.81、0.57—0.85。研究为培育生长性能优良和存活率高的壳白长牡蛎品系提供了基础资料。
Pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas),the most widely cultivated shellfish over the world with advantages of fast growth and strong environmental adaption,are suitable materials for selective breeding due to the characters of high fertility,short reproductive cycle and large genetic variation.Broodstocks from white shell strain of C.gigas that had undergone four-generation family selection and three-generation mass selection were used to establish 29 full-sib families and 12 half-sib families by nested design.Random selected individuals were utilized as parents to generate the control families.Phenotypic traits such as growth and survival rate of different periods in larval stage were analyzed.Results showed that the growth performance and average survival rates of white shell families were significantly higher than those of control group with the augmentation of 3.65% to 14.58% and 1.11% to 19.26% in a family dependent pattern,respectively.The G11,G15 and G35 families represented remarkable superiorities in shell height and survival rates.At the age of 19 days,the increased shell heights of G11,G15 and G35 families were bigger than the average values of white shell families by 11.87%,17.03%,and 30.32%,respectively,and were greater than the average values of the control by 34.09%,28.18%,and 49.31%,respectively.Besides,the survival rates of G11,G15 and G35 families at19 d were higher than the average values of both white shell by 38.35%,33.41%,51.07%,and control families by65.00%,59.11%,and 80.18%(G35),respectively.Results of genetic parameters of larvae shell height and shell length of white shell strain indicated that the variation of heritability was ranged from 0.28 to 0.81 in shell height and from0.42 to 0.88 in shell length,representing the heritability at medium to high level.The genetic and phenotypic correlations were positive between the two growth traits with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.35 to 0.81 and from0.57 to 0.85,respectively.This study provides optimum breeding strategy for white shell strains of C.gigas to improve performance in growth and survival.
Pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas),the most widely cultivated shellfish over the world with advantages of fast growth and strong environmental adaption,are suitable materials for selective breeding due to the characters of high fertility,short reproductive cycle and large genetic variation.Broodstocks from white shell strain of C.gigas that had undergone four-generation family selection and three-generation mass selection were used to establish 29 full-sib families and 12 half-sib families by nested design.Random selected individuals were utilized as parents to generate the control families.Phenotypic traits such as growth and survival rate of different periods in larval stage were analyzed.Results showed that the growth performance and average survival rates of white shell families were significantly higher than those of control group with the augmentation of 3.65% to 14.58% and 1.11% to 19.26% in a family dependent pattern,respectively.The G11,G15 and G35 families represented remarkable superiorities in shell height and survival rates.At the age of 19 days,the increased shell heights of G11,G15 and G35 families were bigger than the average values of white shell families by 11.87%,17.03%,and 30.32%,respectively,and were greater than the average values of the control by 34.09%,28.18%,and 49.31%,respectively.Besides,the survival rates of G11,G15 and G35 families at19 d were higher than the average values of both white shell by 38.35%,33.41%,51.07%,and control families by65.00%,59.11%,and 80.18%(G35),respectively.Results of genetic parameters of larvae shell height and shell length of white shell strain indicated that the variation of heritability was ranged from 0.28 to 0.81 in shell height and from0.42 to 0.88 in shell length,representing the heritability at medium to high level.The genetic and phenotypic correlations were positive between the two growth traits with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.35 to 0.81 and from0.57 to 0.85,respectively.This study provides optimum breeding strategy for white shell strains of C.gigas to improve performance in growth and survival.
引文
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[9]Yang F,Zhang Y H,Zhao Y,et al.The establishment of families of Gmelin cyclina and its early development[J].Fisheries Science,2008,27(8):390-396[杨凤,张跃环,赵越,等.青蛤家系的建立及早期生长发育比较.水产科学,2008,27(8):390-396]
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[13]Langdon C,Evans F,Jacobson D,et al.Yields of cultured Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas,Thunberg improved after one generation of selection[J].Aquaculture,2003,220(1):227-244
[14]Evans S,Langdon C.Effects of genotype x environment interactions on the selection of broadly adapted Pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(2):522-534
[15]Wang Q Z,Li Q,Liu S K,et al.Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations for growth in Crassostrea gigas larvae[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2009,16(5):736-743[王庆志,李琪,刘士凯,等.长牡蛎幼体生长性状的遗传力及其相关性分析.中国水产科学,2009,16(5):736-743]
[16]Wang Q Z,Li Q,Liu S K,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for growth-related traits in adult Crassostrea gigas[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(4):700-706[王庆志,李琪,刘世凯,等.长牡蛎成体生长性状的遗传参数估计.中国水产科学,2012,19(4):700-706]
[17]Wang X L,Li Q,Yu H,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for golden shell color and correlation with growth traits in the golden shell strain of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(12):1889-1896[王雪磊,李琪,于红,等.长牡蛎壳金性状遗传参数评估及与生长性状的关联分析.水产学报,2016,40(12):1889-1896]
[18]Gui J F,Bao Z M,Zhang X J.Development strategy for aquaculture genetic breeding and seed industry[J].Engineering Sciences,2016,18(3):8-14[桂建芳,包振民,张晓娟.水产遗传育种与水产种业发展战略研究.中国工程科学,2016,18(3):8-14]
[19]Xiao S,Yu Z N.Review of selective breeding research and practice in oyster cultivation[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2008,32(2):287-295[肖述,喻子牛.养殖牡蛎的选择育种研究与实践.水产学报,2008,32(2):287-295]
[20]Liu X L,Xiang J H.Review of selective breeding and heritability of commercially important mollusks[J].Marine Sciences,2003,27(6):15-20[刘小林,相建海.重要经济贝类选择育种及遗传力研究进展.海洋科学,2003,27(6):15-20]
[21]Taris N,Ernande B,Mccombie H,et al.Phenotypic and genetic consequences of size selection at the larval stage in the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,2006,333(1):147-158
[22]Wang X L,Li Q,Kong L F,et al.Construction and comparison of growth and survival among different golden shell families of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(11):1683-1693[王雪磊,李琪,孔令锋,等.壳金长牡蛎家系的建立及生长和存活性状的比较.水产学报,2016,40(11):1683-1693]
[23]Hedgecock D,Cooper K,Hershberger W.Genetic and environmental components of variance in harvest body size among pedigreed Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas from controlled crosses[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,1991,10(2):516
[24]Lannan J E.Estimating heritability and predicting response to selection for the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas[J].Proceedings of the National Shellfisheries Association,1972,62:62-66
[25]Kong N,Li Q,Yu H,et al.Heritability estimates for growth-related traits in the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)using a molecular pedigree[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(2):499-450
[26]Losee E.Relationship between larval and spat growth rates in the oyster(Crassostrea virginica)[J].Aquaculture,1979,16(2):123-126
[27]Newkirk G F,Haley L E.Phenotypic analysis of the european oyster Ostrea edulis,L.:Relationship between length of larval period and postsetting growth rate[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,1982,59(2):177-184
[28]Collet B,Boudry P,Thebault A,et al.Relationship between pre-and post-metamorphic growth in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas,(Thunberg)[J].Aquaculture,1999,175(3-4):215-226
[29]Ernande B,Clobert J,Mccombie H,et al.Genetic polymorphism and trade-offs in the early life-history strategy of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg,1795):a quantitative genetic study[J].Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2003,16(3):399-414
[2]Yu R H,Li Q,Wang Z P,et al.The current situation of culture of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)in north of China[J].Scientific Fish Farming,2008,(6):3-5[于瑞海,李琪,王照萍,等.我国北方太平洋牡蛎育苗及养殖现状.科学养鱼,2008,(6):3-5]
[3]Wang J Y.Quantitative Genetics and Animal Breeding[M].Southeast University Press.2004,243-244[王金玉.数量遗传与动物育种.东南大学出版社.2004,243-244]
[4]Zheng H P,Zhang G F,Xiao L,et al.Sustained response to selection in an introduced population of the hermaphroditic bay scallop Argopecten irradians Lamarck(1819)[J].Aquaculture,2006,255(1-4):579-585
[5]Zheng H P,Zhang G F,Liu X,et al.Establishment of different shell color lines of bay scallop Argopecten irradians Lamarck(1819)and their development[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2003,34(6):632-639[郑怀平,张国范,刘晓,等.不同贝壳颜色海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)家系的建立及生长发育研究.海洋与湖沼,2003,34(6):632-639]
[6]Yan X W,Huo Z M,Zhang Y H,et al.Preliminary study of establishment of families and their early growth and development for manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(1):32-40[闫喜武,霍忠明,张跃环,等.菲律宾蛤仔家系的建立及早期生长发育.水产学报,2010,34(1):32-40]
[7]Yan X W,Zhang Y H,Jin J Y,et al.The diallel cross of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum of two shell shapes of Dalian population[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2009,33(3):389-395[闫喜武,张跃环,金晶宇,等.大连群体两种壳型菲律宾蛤仔的双列杂交.水产学报,2009,33(3):389-395]
[8]He M X,Guan Y Y,Lin Y G,et al.Growth comparison between families of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii Dunker[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2007,26(1):39-43[何毛贤,管云雁,林岳光,等.马氏珠母贝家系的生长比较.热带海洋学报,2007,26(1):39-43]
[9]Yang F,Zhang Y H,Zhao Y,et al.The establishment of families of Gmelin cyclina and its early development[J].Fisheries Science,2008,27(8):390-396[杨凤,张跃环,赵越,等.青蛤家系的建立及早期生长发育比较.水产科学,2008,27(8):390-396]
[10]Falconer D S,Mac Kay T F C.Introduction to Guantive Genetics[M].China Agricutural Science and Technology Press.2000,127-135[Falconer D S,Mac Kay T FC.数量遗传学导论.中国农业科技出版社.2000,127-135]
[11]Dégremont L,Ernande B,Bédier E,et al.Summer mortality of hatchery-produced Pacific oyster spat(Crassostrea gigas).I.Estimation of genetic parameters for survival and growth[J].Aquaculture,2007,262(1):41-53
[12]Dégremont L,Bédier E,Boudry P.Summer mortality of hatchery-produced Pacific oyster spat(Crassostrea gigas).Ⅱ.Response to selection for survival and its influence on growth and yield[J].Aquaculture,2010,299(1-4):21-29
[13]Langdon C,Evans F,Jacobson D,et al.Yields of cultured Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas,Thunberg improved after one generation of selection[J].Aquaculture,2003,220(1):227-244
[14]Evans S,Langdon C.Effects of genotype x environment interactions on the selection of broadly adapted Pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(2):522-534
[15]Wang Q Z,Li Q,Liu S K,et al.Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations for growth in Crassostrea gigas larvae[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2009,16(5):736-743[王庆志,李琪,刘士凯,等.长牡蛎幼体生长性状的遗传力及其相关性分析.中国水产科学,2009,16(5):736-743]
[16]Wang Q Z,Li Q,Liu S K,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for growth-related traits in adult Crassostrea gigas[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(4):700-706[王庆志,李琪,刘世凯,等.长牡蛎成体生长性状的遗传参数估计.中国水产科学,2012,19(4):700-706]
[17]Wang X L,Li Q,Yu H,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for golden shell color and correlation with growth traits in the golden shell strain of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(12):1889-1896[王雪磊,李琪,于红,等.长牡蛎壳金性状遗传参数评估及与生长性状的关联分析.水产学报,2016,40(12):1889-1896]
[18]Gui J F,Bao Z M,Zhang X J.Development strategy for aquaculture genetic breeding and seed industry[J].Engineering Sciences,2016,18(3):8-14[桂建芳,包振民,张晓娟.水产遗传育种与水产种业发展战略研究.中国工程科学,2016,18(3):8-14]
[19]Xiao S,Yu Z N.Review of selective breeding research and practice in oyster cultivation[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2008,32(2):287-295[肖述,喻子牛.养殖牡蛎的选择育种研究与实践.水产学报,2008,32(2):287-295]
[20]Liu X L,Xiang J H.Review of selective breeding and heritability of commercially important mollusks[J].Marine Sciences,2003,27(6):15-20[刘小林,相建海.重要经济贝类选择育种及遗传力研究进展.海洋科学,2003,27(6):15-20]
[21]Taris N,Ernande B,Mccombie H,et al.Phenotypic and genetic consequences of size selection at the larval stage in the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,2006,333(1):147-158
[22]Wang X L,Li Q,Kong L F,et al.Construction and comparison of growth and survival among different golden shell families of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(11):1683-1693[王雪磊,李琪,孔令锋,等.壳金长牡蛎家系的建立及生长和存活性状的比较.水产学报,2016,40(11):1683-1693]
[23]Hedgecock D,Cooper K,Hershberger W.Genetic and environmental components of variance in harvest body size among pedigreed Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas from controlled crosses[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,1991,10(2):516
[24]Lannan J E.Estimating heritability and predicting response to selection for the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas[J].Proceedings of the National Shellfisheries Association,1972,62:62-66
[25]Kong N,Li Q,Yu H,et al.Heritability estimates for growth-related traits in the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)using a molecular pedigree[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(2):499-450
[26]Losee E.Relationship between larval and spat growth rates in the oyster(Crassostrea virginica)[J].Aquaculture,1979,16(2):123-126
[27]Newkirk G F,Haley L E.Phenotypic analysis of the european oyster Ostrea edulis,L.:Relationship between length of larval period and postsetting growth rate[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,1982,59(2):177-184
[28]Collet B,Boudry P,Thebault A,et al.Relationship between pre-and post-metamorphic growth in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas,(Thunberg)[J].Aquaculture,1999,175(3-4):215-226
[29]Ernande B,Clobert J,Mccombie H,et al.Genetic polymorphism and trade-offs in the early life-history strategy of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg,1795):a quantitative genetic study[J].Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2003,16(3):399-414