创业企业如何通过双元能力实现颠覆性创新——基于有米科技的案例研究
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摘要
基于双元能力视角,以广州有米科技为例对创业型企业产品研发过程中的颠覆性创新机理进行探究。研究发现:创业企业在颠覆性创新过程中,企业的产品研发流程经历了最小化产品设计、基于客户反馈的技术优化、产品快速迭代的转变。企业的双元能力经历了市场双元能力、价值双元能力,再到服务双元能力的转变。相应的,企业颠覆性创新经历了需求"点"、技术"线"及市场"面"三个逐级递进的颠覆性创新进程。在快速变化环境这一不确定因素的驱动下,创业企业颠覆性创新过程中的双元能力的动态演进,成为创业型企业实现颠覆性创新的关键。本文研究对于创业领域的双元能力研究与颠覆性创新实践具有借鉴意义。
Based on the ambidexterity perspective,this paper takes Guangzhou Youmi technology as an example to explore the disruptive innovation mechanism in the product development process of entrepreneurial enterprises. Through the case study analysis,the author found out,during the process of entrepreneurial enterprise achieving disruptive innovation,enterprise product development process has experienced three main aspects including: minimize product design,technology optimization based on customer feedback,the product fast iterative transformation. Additionally,entrepreneurial enterprises experienced three different ambidextrous capabilities,including market-driven ambidextrous capability, value-driven ambidextrous capability and service-driven ambidextrous capability, the corresponding disruptive innovation process has experienced "point "-level of demand disruptive innovation, "line "-level of technological disruptive innovation,and "plane"-level of market disruptive innovation respectively. Through the case study process analysis of the disruptive innovation behavior of the entrepreneurial enterprise,it is found that the evolution of the entrepreneurial enterprises' ambidextrous capability is the key of entrepreneurial enterprises to achieve disruptive innovation within a rapid change dynamic environment. Our study can provide insights for ambidextrous capabilities researches in entrepreneurship as well as disruptive innovation related practices.
Based on the ambidexterity perspective,this paper takes Guangzhou Youmi technology as an example to explore the disruptive innovation mechanism in the product development process of entrepreneurial enterprises. Through the case study analysis,the author found out,during the process of entrepreneurial enterprise achieving disruptive innovation,enterprise product development process has experienced three main aspects including: minimize product design,technology optimization based on customer feedback,the product fast iterative transformation. Additionally,entrepreneurial enterprises experienced three different ambidextrous capabilities,including market-driven ambidextrous capability, value-driven ambidextrous capability and service-driven ambidextrous capability, the corresponding disruptive innovation process has experienced "point "-level of demand disruptive innovation, "line "-level of technological disruptive innovation,and "plane"-level of market disruptive innovation respectively. Through the case study process analysis of the disruptive innovation behavior of the entrepreneurial enterprise,it is found that the evolution of the entrepreneurial enterprises' ambidextrous capability is the key of entrepreneurial enterprises to achieve disruptive innovation within a rapid change dynamic environment. Our study can provide insights for ambidextrous capabilities researches in entrepreneurship as well as disruptive innovation related practices.
引文
[1]叶竹馨,买忆媛,王乐英.创业企业即兴行为研究现状探析与未来展望[J].外国经济与管理,2018,40(4):16-29.
[2]王满四,周翔,张延平.从产品导向到服务导向:传统制造企业的战略更新:基于大疆创新科技有限公司的案例研究[J].中国软科学,2018(11):107-121.
[3]MARKIDES C.Disruptive innovation:In need of better theory[J].Journal of product innovation management,2006,23(1):19-25.
[4]石俊国,郁培丽,孙广生.颠覆性创新行为,消费者偏好内生与市场绩效[J].系统管理学报,2017,26(2):287-294.
[5]吴佩,姚亚伟,陈继祥.后发企业颠覆性创新最新研究进展与展望[J].软科学,2016(9):108-111.
[5]斯晓夫,王颂,傅颖.创业机会从何而来:发现,构建还是发现+构建?:创业机会的理论前沿研究[J].管理世界,2016(3):115-127.
[6]HUANG J W,LI Y H.The mediating role of ambidextrous capability in learning orientation and new product performance[J].Journal of Business&Industrial Marketing,2017,32(5):613-624.
[7]JANSEN J J P,TEMPELAAR M P,VAN DEN BOSCH FA J,et al.Structural differentiation and ambidexterity:The mediating role of integration mechanisms[J].Organization science,2009,20(4):797-811.
[8]HE Z L,WONG P K.Exploration vs.exploitation:An empirical test of the ambidexterity hypothesis[J].Organization science,2004,15(4):481-494.
[9]KORTMANN S,GELHARD C,ZIMMERMANN C,et al.Linking strategic flexibility and operational efficiency:The mediating role of ambidextrous operational capabilities[J].Journal of Operations Management,2014,32(7/8):475-490.
[10]MARTIN S L,JAVALGI R G,CAVUSGIL E.Marketing capabilities,positional advantage,and performance of born global firms:Contingent effect of ambidextrous innovation[J].International business review,2017,26(3):527-543.
[11]WANG C L,RAFIQ M.Ambidextrous organizational culture,contextual ambidexterity and new product innovation:A comparative study of UK and Chinese high-tech firms[J].British Journal of management,2014,25(1):58-76.
[12]SHAO Y,WU T,QIU H,et al.Ambidextrous activities of internet-based entrepreneurships in Apple App Store:two sides of user feedback[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2018:1-16.
[13]YE X,MA L,FENG J,et al.Impact of technology habitual domain on ambidextrous innovation:Case study of a Chinese high-tech enterprise[J].Sustainability,2018,10(12):4602.
[14]赵兴庐,刘衡,张建琦.冗余如何转化为公司创业?:资源拼凑和机会识别的双元式中介路径研究[J].外国经济与管理,2017,39(6):54-67.
[15]李志刚,许晨鹤,刘振.商业模式传承型裂变创业内在机理研究[J].南开管理评论,2017(5):69-80.
[16]DEL GIUDICE M,SOTO-ACOSTA P,CARAYANNISE,et al.Emerging perspectives on business process management(BPM):IT-based processes and ambidextrous organizations,theory and practice[J].Business Process Management Journal,2018,24(5):1070-1076.
[17]BUCHKO A A.Conceptualization and measurement of environmental uncertainty:An assessment of the miles and snow perceived environmental uncertainty scale[J].Academy of Management Journal,1994,37(2):410-425.
[18]ENGEL Y,KAANDORP M,ELFRING T.Toward a dynamic process model of entrepreneurial networking under uncertainty[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2017,32(1):35-51.
[19]肖静华,谢康,吴瑶,等.企业与消费者协同演化动态能力构建:B2C电商梦芭莎案例研究[J].管理世界,2014(8):134-151.
[20]ZAHRA S A,SAPIENZA H J,DAVIDSSON P.Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities:A review,model and research agenda[J].Journal of Management studies,2006,43(4):917-955.
[21]郑秀芝,龙丹.基于过程观的创业决策研究述评与展望[J].外国经济与管理,2012(8):11-17.
[22]PRYOR C,WEBB J W,IRELAND R D,et al.Toward an integration of the behavioral and cognitive influences on the entrepreneurship process[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2016,10(1):21-42.
[23]YU D,HANG C C.A reflective review of disruptive innovation theory[J].International journal of management reviews,2010,12(4):435-452.
[24]REINHARDT R,GURTNER S.Differences between early adopters of disruptive and sustaining innovations[J].Journal of Business Research,2015,68(1):137-145.
[25]GOVINDARAJAN V,KOPALLE P K.Disruptiveness of innovations:Measurement and an assessment of reliability and validity[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(2):189-199.
[26]HARDMAN S,STEINBERGER-WILCKENS R,VANDER HORST D.Disruptive innovations:The case for hydrogen fuel cells and battery electric vehicles[J].international journal of hydrogen energy,2013,38(35):15438-15451.
[27]周洋,张庆普.高端颠覆性创新的技术演进轨迹和市场扩散路径[J].研究与发展管理,2017,29(6):99-108.
[28]CHRISTENSEN C M.The ongoing process of building a theory of disruption[J].Journal of Product innovation management,2006,23(1):39-55.
[29]ASSINK M.Inhibitors of disruptive innovation capability:A conceptual model[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,2006,9(2):215-233.
[30]靳宗振,罗晖,曹俐莉.发展颠覆性创新的导向策略研究[J].中国软科学,2017(9):168-174.
[31]VOLERY T,MUELLER S,VON SIEMENS B.Entrepreneur ambidexterity:A study of entrepreneur behaviours and competencies in growth-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises[J].International Small Business Journal,2015,33(2):109-129.
[32]GIBSON C B,BIRKINSHAW J.The antecedents,consequences,and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity[J].Academy of management Journal,2004,47(2):209-226.
[33]CHANG Y Y,JUNNI P P,SARALA R,et al.Corporate venture unit ambidexterity and performance:A dynamic capability perspective[C]//Academy of Management Proceedings.Briarcliff Manor,NY 10510:Academy of Management,2018,2018(1):14430.
[34]RAISCH S,BIRKINSHAW J.Organizational ambidexterity:Antecedents,outcomes,and moderators[J].Journal of management,2008,34(3):375-409.
[35]冉佳森,谢康,肖静华.信息技术如何实现契约治理与关系治理的平衡:基于D公司供应链治理案例[J].管理学报,2015,12(3):458-468.
[36]MEHRABI H,COVIELLO N,RANAWEERA C.Ambidextrous marketing capabilities and performance:How and when entrepreneurial orientation makes a difference[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2018(11):1-14.
[37]付丙海,谢富纪,韩雨卿.创新链资源整合,双元性创新与创新绩效:基于长三角新创企业的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2015(12):176-186.
[38]王朝晖.高绩效工作系统、双元型创新与企业绩效:关系情境的调节作用[J].科学决策,2014(9):32-53.
[39]DAI Y,DU K,BYUN G,et al.Ambidexterity in new ventures:The impact of new product development alliances and transactive memory systems[J].Journal of Business Research,2017,75:77-85.
[40]翟淑萍,毕晓方.市场压力,财政补贴与上市高新技术企业双元创新投资[J].科学决策,2016(6):16-33.
[41]BARON R A.Opportunity recognition as pattern recognition:How entrepreneurs“connect the dots”to identify new business opportunities[J].Academy of managemen perspectives,2006,20(1):104-119.
[42]PARIDA V,LAHTI T,WINCENT J.Exploration and exploitation and firm performance variability:A study o ambidexterity in entrepreneurial firms[J].Internationa Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2016,12(4):1147-1164.
[43]董小英,晏梦灵,余艳.企业创新中探索与利用活动的分离-集成机制:领先企业双元能力构建研究[J].中国软科学,2015(12):103-119.
[44]MIHALACHE O R,JANSEN J J P,VAN DEN BOSCH FA J,et al.Top management team shared leadership and organizational ambidexterity:A moderated mediation framework[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2014,8(2):128-148.
[45]LETTICE F,THOMOND P.Allocating resources to disruptive innovation projects:Challenging mental models and overcoming management resistance[J].International Journal of Technology Management,2008,44(1-2):140-159.
[46]苏芳,毛基业,谢卫红.资源贫乏企业应对环境剧变的拼凑过程研究[J].管理世界,2016(8):137-149.
[47]PETTIGREW A M.Longitudinal field research on change:Theory and practice[J].Organization science,1990(3):267-292.
[48]谭凌波,谢晋宇,陈扬.人力资源经理的议题营销过程及策略研究[J].管理世界,2013(2):141-155.
[49]罗顺均,李炜文,周翔,等.小微金融企业互联网转型过程研究:基于外部网络体系与内部价值链的动态匹配视角[J].南开管理评论,2018(5):51-63.
[50]魏江,应瑛,刘洋.研发网络分散化,组织学习顺序与创新绩效:比较案例研究[J].管理世界,2014(2):137-151.
[51]PREZ L,DOS SANTOS PAULINO V,CAMBRA-FIERRO J.Taking advantage of disruptive innovation through changes in value networks:Insights from the space industry[J].Supply Chain Management:An International Journal,2017,22(2):97-106.
[52]薛捷.破坏性创新理论述评及推进策略[J].管理学报,2013,10(5):768-774.
[2]王满四,周翔,张延平.从产品导向到服务导向:传统制造企业的战略更新:基于大疆创新科技有限公司的案例研究[J].中国软科学,2018(11):107-121.
[3]MARKIDES C.Disruptive innovation:In need of better theory[J].Journal of product innovation management,2006,23(1):19-25.
[4]石俊国,郁培丽,孙广生.颠覆性创新行为,消费者偏好内生与市场绩效[J].系统管理学报,2017,26(2):287-294.
[5]吴佩,姚亚伟,陈继祥.后发企业颠覆性创新最新研究进展与展望[J].软科学,2016(9):108-111.
[5]斯晓夫,王颂,傅颖.创业机会从何而来:发现,构建还是发现+构建?:创业机会的理论前沿研究[J].管理世界,2016(3):115-127.
[6]HUANG J W,LI Y H.The mediating role of ambidextrous capability in learning orientation and new product performance[J].Journal of Business&Industrial Marketing,2017,32(5):613-624.
[7]JANSEN J J P,TEMPELAAR M P,VAN DEN BOSCH FA J,et al.Structural differentiation and ambidexterity:The mediating role of integration mechanisms[J].Organization science,2009,20(4):797-811.
[8]HE Z L,WONG P K.Exploration vs.exploitation:An empirical test of the ambidexterity hypothesis[J].Organization science,2004,15(4):481-494.
[9]KORTMANN S,GELHARD C,ZIMMERMANN C,et al.Linking strategic flexibility and operational efficiency:The mediating role of ambidextrous operational capabilities[J].Journal of Operations Management,2014,32(7/8):475-490.
[10]MARTIN S L,JAVALGI R G,CAVUSGIL E.Marketing capabilities,positional advantage,and performance of born global firms:Contingent effect of ambidextrous innovation[J].International business review,2017,26(3):527-543.
[11]WANG C L,RAFIQ M.Ambidextrous organizational culture,contextual ambidexterity and new product innovation:A comparative study of UK and Chinese high-tech firms[J].British Journal of management,2014,25(1):58-76.
[12]SHAO Y,WU T,QIU H,et al.Ambidextrous activities of internet-based entrepreneurships in Apple App Store:two sides of user feedback[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2018:1-16.
[13]YE X,MA L,FENG J,et al.Impact of technology habitual domain on ambidextrous innovation:Case study of a Chinese high-tech enterprise[J].Sustainability,2018,10(12):4602.
[14]赵兴庐,刘衡,张建琦.冗余如何转化为公司创业?:资源拼凑和机会识别的双元式中介路径研究[J].外国经济与管理,2017,39(6):54-67.
[15]李志刚,许晨鹤,刘振.商业模式传承型裂变创业内在机理研究[J].南开管理评论,2017(5):69-80.
[16]DEL GIUDICE M,SOTO-ACOSTA P,CARAYANNISE,et al.Emerging perspectives on business process management(BPM):IT-based processes and ambidextrous organizations,theory and practice[J].Business Process Management Journal,2018,24(5):1070-1076.
[17]BUCHKO A A.Conceptualization and measurement of environmental uncertainty:An assessment of the miles and snow perceived environmental uncertainty scale[J].Academy of Management Journal,1994,37(2):410-425.
[18]ENGEL Y,KAANDORP M,ELFRING T.Toward a dynamic process model of entrepreneurial networking under uncertainty[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2017,32(1):35-51.
[19]肖静华,谢康,吴瑶,等.企业与消费者协同演化动态能力构建:B2C电商梦芭莎案例研究[J].管理世界,2014(8):134-151.
[20]ZAHRA S A,SAPIENZA H J,DAVIDSSON P.Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities:A review,model and research agenda[J].Journal of Management studies,2006,43(4):917-955.
[21]郑秀芝,龙丹.基于过程观的创业决策研究述评与展望[J].外国经济与管理,2012(8):11-17.
[22]PRYOR C,WEBB J W,IRELAND R D,et al.Toward an integration of the behavioral and cognitive influences on the entrepreneurship process[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2016,10(1):21-42.
[23]YU D,HANG C C.A reflective review of disruptive innovation theory[J].International journal of management reviews,2010,12(4):435-452.
[24]REINHARDT R,GURTNER S.Differences between early adopters of disruptive and sustaining innovations[J].Journal of Business Research,2015,68(1):137-145.
[25]GOVINDARAJAN V,KOPALLE P K.Disruptiveness of innovations:Measurement and an assessment of reliability and validity[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(2):189-199.
[26]HARDMAN S,STEINBERGER-WILCKENS R,VANDER HORST D.Disruptive innovations:The case for hydrogen fuel cells and battery electric vehicles[J].international journal of hydrogen energy,2013,38(35):15438-15451.
[27]周洋,张庆普.高端颠覆性创新的技术演进轨迹和市场扩散路径[J].研究与发展管理,2017,29(6):99-108.
[28]CHRISTENSEN C M.The ongoing process of building a theory of disruption[J].Journal of Product innovation management,2006,23(1):39-55.
[29]ASSINK M.Inhibitors of disruptive innovation capability:A conceptual model[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,2006,9(2):215-233.
[30]靳宗振,罗晖,曹俐莉.发展颠覆性创新的导向策略研究[J].中国软科学,2017(9):168-174.
[31]VOLERY T,MUELLER S,VON SIEMENS B.Entrepreneur ambidexterity:A study of entrepreneur behaviours and competencies in growth-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises[J].International Small Business Journal,2015,33(2):109-129.
[32]GIBSON C B,BIRKINSHAW J.The antecedents,consequences,and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity[J].Academy of management Journal,2004,47(2):209-226.
[33]CHANG Y Y,JUNNI P P,SARALA R,et al.Corporate venture unit ambidexterity and performance:A dynamic capability perspective[C]//Academy of Management Proceedings.Briarcliff Manor,NY 10510:Academy of Management,2018,2018(1):14430.
[34]RAISCH S,BIRKINSHAW J.Organizational ambidexterity:Antecedents,outcomes,and moderators[J].Journal of management,2008,34(3):375-409.
[35]冉佳森,谢康,肖静华.信息技术如何实现契约治理与关系治理的平衡:基于D公司供应链治理案例[J].管理学报,2015,12(3):458-468.
[36]MEHRABI H,COVIELLO N,RANAWEERA C.Ambidextrous marketing capabilities and performance:How and when entrepreneurial orientation makes a difference[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2018(11):1-14.
[37]付丙海,谢富纪,韩雨卿.创新链资源整合,双元性创新与创新绩效:基于长三角新创企业的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2015(12):176-186.
[38]王朝晖.高绩效工作系统、双元型创新与企业绩效:关系情境的调节作用[J].科学决策,2014(9):32-53.
[39]DAI Y,DU K,BYUN G,et al.Ambidexterity in new ventures:The impact of new product development alliances and transactive memory systems[J].Journal of Business Research,2017,75:77-85.
[40]翟淑萍,毕晓方.市场压力,财政补贴与上市高新技术企业双元创新投资[J].科学决策,2016(6):16-33.
[41]BARON R A.Opportunity recognition as pattern recognition:How entrepreneurs“connect the dots”to identify new business opportunities[J].Academy of managemen perspectives,2006,20(1):104-119.
[42]PARIDA V,LAHTI T,WINCENT J.Exploration and exploitation and firm performance variability:A study o ambidexterity in entrepreneurial firms[J].Internationa Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2016,12(4):1147-1164.
[43]董小英,晏梦灵,余艳.企业创新中探索与利用活动的分离-集成机制:领先企业双元能力构建研究[J].中国软科学,2015(12):103-119.
[44]MIHALACHE O R,JANSEN J J P,VAN DEN BOSCH FA J,et al.Top management team shared leadership and organizational ambidexterity:A moderated mediation framework[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2014,8(2):128-148.
[45]LETTICE F,THOMOND P.Allocating resources to disruptive innovation projects:Challenging mental models and overcoming management resistance[J].International Journal of Technology Management,2008,44(1-2):140-159.
[46]苏芳,毛基业,谢卫红.资源贫乏企业应对环境剧变的拼凑过程研究[J].管理世界,2016(8):137-149.
[47]PETTIGREW A M.Longitudinal field research on change:Theory and practice[J].Organization science,1990(3):267-292.
[48]谭凌波,谢晋宇,陈扬.人力资源经理的议题营销过程及策略研究[J].管理世界,2013(2):141-155.
[49]罗顺均,李炜文,周翔,等.小微金融企业互联网转型过程研究:基于外部网络体系与内部价值链的动态匹配视角[J].南开管理评论,2018(5):51-63.
[50]魏江,应瑛,刘洋.研发网络分散化,组织学习顺序与创新绩效:比较案例研究[J].管理世界,2014(2):137-151.
[51]PREZ L,DOS SANTOS PAULINO V,CAMBRA-FIERRO J.Taking advantage of disruptive innovation through changes in value networks:Insights from the space industry[J].Supply Chain Management:An International Journal,2017,22(2):97-106.
[52]薛捷.破坏性创新理论述评及推进策略[J].管理学报,2013,10(5):768-774.