盐碱胁迫对碱地肤的生物量及含氮化合物的影响
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摘要
为探讨盐碱胁迫下碱地肤(Kochia sieversiana)体内含氮化合物积累的差异,本研究对碱地肤幼苗进行盐胁迫或碱胁迫处理,监测碱地肤的生物量及各种含氮化合物含量随胁迫时间的动态变化。结果表明,盐、碱胁迫均抑制碱地肤生物量的积累,而碱胁迫抑制作用更为严重。随着盐、碱胁迫的延长,碱地肤体内硝态氮(NO_3~–-N)、氨态氮(NH_4~+-N)、脯氨酸、甜菜碱等含氮化合物含量均受到影响,且碱胁迫对其影响更大。可见,与盐胁迫相比,碱胁迫严重干扰碱地肤的氮代谢,碱地肤响应碱胁迫的氮代谢调节机制复杂,值得深入探讨。
Seedlings of Kochia sieversiana were exposed to salt stress and alkali stress treatments. Differences in nitrogenous compound accumulation in K. sieversiana under salt and alkali stress were investigated by determining and analyzing the changes in biomass and contents of nitrogenous compounds, among other factors. The results showed that treatment with both salt and alkali stress inhibited the biomass accumulation of K. sieversiana, with the inhibition effects of alkali stress being more serious than those of salt stress. Contents of nitrogenous compounds, such as NO_3~–-N, NH_4~+-N, proline, and betaine, among others, in K. sieversiana shoots were affected by increasing duration of salt and alkali stress. The effects of alkali stress was more severe than those of salt stress. Therefore, alkali stress strongly disturbs nitrogen metabolism in K.sieversiana. The regulation mechanism of nitrogen metabolism in K. sieversiana in response to alkali stress is extremely complex and requires further analysis.
Seedlings of Kochia sieversiana were exposed to salt stress and alkali stress treatments. Differences in nitrogenous compound accumulation in K. sieversiana under salt and alkali stress were investigated by determining and analyzing the changes in biomass and contents of nitrogenous compounds, among other factors. The results showed that treatment with both salt and alkali stress inhibited the biomass accumulation of K. sieversiana, with the inhibition effects of alkali stress being more serious than those of salt stress. Contents of nitrogenous compounds, such as NO_3~–-N, NH_4~+-N, proline, and betaine, among others, in K. sieversiana shoots were affected by increasing duration of salt and alkali stress. The effects of alkali stress was more severe than those of salt stress. Therefore, alkali stress strongly disturbs nitrogen metabolism in K.sieversiana. The regulation mechanism of nitrogen metabolism in K. sieversiana in response to alkali stress is extremely complex and requires further analysis.
引文
[1]麻莹,郭立泉,张淑芳,田小海,孙吉凤,陆静梅.盐、碱胁迫对药用植物碱地肤生长及其茎叶离子含量的影响.东北师大学报(自然科学版),2017,49(2):111-115.MA Y,GUO L Q,ZHANG S F,TIAN X H,SUN J F,LU J M.Effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth and ions accumulation in shoot of medicinal plant Kochia sieversiana.Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,49(2):111-115.
[2]石德成,殷立娟.盐(NaCl)与碱(Na2CO3)对星星草胁迫作用的差异.植物学报,1993,35(2):144-149.SHI D,YIN L J.Difference between salt(NaCl)and alkaline(Na2CO3)stresses on Pucinellia tenuiflora(Griseb.)plants.Bulletin of Botany,1993,35(2):144-149.
[3]何淼,王欢,徐鹏飞,刘长乐,周蕴薇.模拟复合盐碱胁迫对芒幼苗生理特性的影响.草业科学,2016,33(7):1342-1352.HE M,WANG H,XU P F,LIU C L,ZHOU Y W.Research on the physiological characteristics of Miscanthus sinensis seedlings under the treatments of complex saline-alkaloid stress.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(7):1342-1352.
[4]麻莹,王晓苹,姜海波,石德成.盐碱胁迫下碱地肤体内的有机酸积累及其草酸代谢特点.草业学报,2017,26(7):158-165.MA Y,WANG X P,JANG H B,SHI D C.The characters of organic acids accumulation and oxalate metabolism in Kochia sieversiana under salt and alkali stresses.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(7):158-165.
[5]MA Y,WANG X P,ZHANG S F,SHI D C,SHENG L X.Effects of salt and alkali stress on growth,accumulation of oxalic acid,and activity of oxalic acid-metabolizing enzymes in Kochia sieversiana.Biologia Plantarum,2016,60(4):774-782.
[6]CHEN Y Q,YI F,CAI M,LUO J X.Effects of amino acids,nitrate,and ammonium on the growth and taxol production in cell cultures of Taxus yunnanensis.Plant Growth Regulation,2003,41(3):265-268.
[7]JAIN M,PAL M,GUPTA P,GADRE R.Effect of cadmium on chlorophyll biosynthesis and enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in greening maize leaf segments:Role of 2-oxoglutarate.Indian Journal of Experimental Biology,2007,145(4):385-389.
[8]常思敏,马新明,张贵龙,熊淑萍,詹克慧,刘国顺.砷对烤烟碳氮代谢及其产量和品质的影响.植物生态学报,2006,30(4):682-688.CHANG S M,MA X M,ZHANG G L,XIONG S P,ZHAN K H,LIU G S.Effects of arsenic toxicity on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(4):682-688.
[9]张桂莲,陈立云,张顺堂,刘国华,唐文邦,贺治州,黄明.高温胁迫对水稻剑叶氮代谢的影响.杂交水稻,2007,22(4):57-61.ZHANG G L,CHEN L Y,ZHANG S T,LIU G H,TANG W B,HE Z Z,HUANG M.Effect of high temperature stress on nitrogen metabolism of flag leaves in rice.Hybrid Rice,2007,22(4):57-61.
[10]LORENS L,PENUELAS J,ESTIARTE M.Ecophysiological responses of two Mediterranean shrubs,Erica multiflora and Globularia alypum,to experimentally drier and warmer conditions.Physiologia Plantarum,2003,119:231-243.
[11]TEIXEIRA J,PEREIRA S.High salinity and drought act on an organ-dependent manner on potato glutamine synthetase expression and accumulation.Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,160(1):121-126.
[12]中国科学院上海植物生理研究所,上海市植物生理学会.现代植物生理学实验指南.北京:科学出版社,1999:138-139,303-304.Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiolog.Modern Experiment Enchiridion of Plant Physiology.Beijing:Science Press,1999:138-139,303-304.
[13]NALIWAJSKI M R,SKLODOWSKA M.The oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in cucumber cells during acclimation to salinity.Biologia Plantarum,2014,58(1):47-54.
[14]LISSNER J,SCHIERUP H H,COMIN F A,ASTORGA V.Effect of climate on the salt tolerance of two Phragmites australis populations:I.Growth,inorganic solutes,nitrogen relations and osmoregulation.Aquatic Botany,1999,64:317-333.
[15]李时雨.耐盐植物筛选及其在不同盐分胁迫下的生理变化和耐盐性研究.北京:北京林业大学硕士论文,2015.LI S Y.Study on selecting salt-resistant plants and their physiological responses and salt-tolerance under different salt stress.Master Thesis.Beijing:Beiing Forestry University,2015.
[16]SONG J,FENG G,TIAN C Y,ZHANG F S.Osmotic adjustment traits of Suaeda physophora,Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum in field or controlled conditions.Plant Science,2006,170:113-119.
[17]MARGOLIS H A,VEZINA L P,OUIMET R.Relation of light and nitrogen source to growth,nitrate reductase and glutamine Synthetase activity of jack pine seedlings.Physiologia Plantarum,1988,72(4):790-795.
[18]YANG C W,XU H H,WANG L L,LIU J,SHI D C,WANG D L.Comparative effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth,osmoticadjustment and ionic balance of an alkali-resistanthalophyte Suaeda glauca(Bge.).Plant Growth Regulation,2008,56:179-190.
[19]YANG C W,SHI D C,WANG D L.Comparative effects of salt-stress and alkali-stress on the growth,photosynthesis,solute accumulation,and ion balance of barley plants.Photosynthetica,2009,47(1):79-86.
[20]刘杰.向日葵对碱胁迫和盐胁迫适应机制比较.长春:东北师范大学博士论文,2011.LIU J.Comparison of adaptation mechanism to alkali stress and salt stress in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.).PhD Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2011.
[21]王欢.碱胁迫下水稻氮代谢调节机制.长春:东北师范大学博士论文,2013.WANG H.Regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism under alkali stress in rice(Oryza sativa L.).PhD Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2013.
[22]WANG H,AHAN J N,WU Z H,HAN J Y,SHI D C,YANG C W.Alteration of nitrogen metabolism in rice variety'Nipponbare'induced by alkali stress.Plant and Soil,2012,355:131-147.
[23]LEHMANN S,FUNCK D,SZABADOS L,RENTSCH D.Proline metabolism and transport in plant development.Amino Acids,2010,39:949-962.
[24]KERN A J,DYER W E.Glycine betaine biosynthesis is induced by salt stress but repressed by auxinic herbicides in Kochia scoparia.Journal Plant Growth Regulation,2004,23:9-19.
[2]石德成,殷立娟.盐(NaCl)与碱(Na2CO3)对星星草胁迫作用的差异.植物学报,1993,35(2):144-149.SHI D,YIN L J.Difference between salt(NaCl)and alkaline(Na2CO3)stresses on Pucinellia tenuiflora(Griseb.)plants.Bulletin of Botany,1993,35(2):144-149.
[3]何淼,王欢,徐鹏飞,刘长乐,周蕴薇.模拟复合盐碱胁迫对芒幼苗生理特性的影响.草业科学,2016,33(7):1342-1352.HE M,WANG H,XU P F,LIU C L,ZHOU Y W.Research on the physiological characteristics of Miscanthus sinensis seedlings under the treatments of complex saline-alkaloid stress.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(7):1342-1352.
[4]麻莹,王晓苹,姜海波,石德成.盐碱胁迫下碱地肤体内的有机酸积累及其草酸代谢特点.草业学报,2017,26(7):158-165.MA Y,WANG X P,JANG H B,SHI D C.The characters of organic acids accumulation and oxalate metabolism in Kochia sieversiana under salt and alkali stresses.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(7):158-165.
[5]MA Y,WANG X P,ZHANG S F,SHI D C,SHENG L X.Effects of salt and alkali stress on growth,accumulation of oxalic acid,and activity of oxalic acid-metabolizing enzymes in Kochia sieversiana.Biologia Plantarum,2016,60(4):774-782.
[6]CHEN Y Q,YI F,CAI M,LUO J X.Effects of amino acids,nitrate,and ammonium on the growth and taxol production in cell cultures of Taxus yunnanensis.Plant Growth Regulation,2003,41(3):265-268.
[7]JAIN M,PAL M,GUPTA P,GADRE R.Effect of cadmium on chlorophyll biosynthesis and enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in greening maize leaf segments:Role of 2-oxoglutarate.Indian Journal of Experimental Biology,2007,145(4):385-389.
[8]常思敏,马新明,张贵龙,熊淑萍,詹克慧,刘国顺.砷对烤烟碳氮代谢及其产量和品质的影响.植物生态学报,2006,30(4):682-688.CHANG S M,MA X M,ZHANG G L,XIONG S P,ZHAN K H,LIU G S.Effects of arsenic toxicity on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(4):682-688.
[9]张桂莲,陈立云,张顺堂,刘国华,唐文邦,贺治州,黄明.高温胁迫对水稻剑叶氮代谢的影响.杂交水稻,2007,22(4):57-61.ZHANG G L,CHEN L Y,ZHANG S T,LIU G H,TANG W B,HE Z Z,HUANG M.Effect of high temperature stress on nitrogen metabolism of flag leaves in rice.Hybrid Rice,2007,22(4):57-61.
[10]LORENS L,PENUELAS J,ESTIARTE M.Ecophysiological responses of two Mediterranean shrubs,Erica multiflora and Globularia alypum,to experimentally drier and warmer conditions.Physiologia Plantarum,2003,119:231-243.
[11]TEIXEIRA J,PEREIRA S.High salinity and drought act on an organ-dependent manner on potato glutamine synthetase expression and accumulation.Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,160(1):121-126.
[12]中国科学院上海植物生理研究所,上海市植物生理学会.现代植物生理学实验指南.北京:科学出版社,1999:138-139,303-304.Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiolog.Modern Experiment Enchiridion of Plant Physiology.Beijing:Science Press,1999:138-139,303-304.
[13]NALIWAJSKI M R,SKLODOWSKA M.The oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in cucumber cells during acclimation to salinity.Biologia Plantarum,2014,58(1):47-54.
[14]LISSNER J,SCHIERUP H H,COMIN F A,ASTORGA V.Effect of climate on the salt tolerance of two Phragmites australis populations:I.Growth,inorganic solutes,nitrogen relations and osmoregulation.Aquatic Botany,1999,64:317-333.
[15]李时雨.耐盐植物筛选及其在不同盐分胁迫下的生理变化和耐盐性研究.北京:北京林业大学硕士论文,2015.LI S Y.Study on selecting salt-resistant plants and their physiological responses and salt-tolerance under different salt stress.Master Thesis.Beijing:Beiing Forestry University,2015.
[16]SONG J,FENG G,TIAN C Y,ZHANG F S.Osmotic adjustment traits of Suaeda physophora,Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum in field or controlled conditions.Plant Science,2006,170:113-119.
[17]MARGOLIS H A,VEZINA L P,OUIMET R.Relation of light and nitrogen source to growth,nitrate reductase and glutamine Synthetase activity of jack pine seedlings.Physiologia Plantarum,1988,72(4):790-795.
[18]YANG C W,XU H H,WANG L L,LIU J,SHI D C,WANG D L.Comparative effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth,osmoticadjustment and ionic balance of an alkali-resistanthalophyte Suaeda glauca(Bge.).Plant Growth Regulation,2008,56:179-190.
[19]YANG C W,SHI D C,WANG D L.Comparative effects of salt-stress and alkali-stress on the growth,photosynthesis,solute accumulation,and ion balance of barley plants.Photosynthetica,2009,47(1):79-86.
[20]刘杰.向日葵对碱胁迫和盐胁迫适应机制比较.长春:东北师范大学博士论文,2011.LIU J.Comparison of adaptation mechanism to alkali stress and salt stress in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.).PhD Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2011.
[21]王欢.碱胁迫下水稻氮代谢调节机制.长春:东北师范大学博士论文,2013.WANG H.Regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism under alkali stress in rice(Oryza sativa L.).PhD Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2013.
[22]WANG H,AHAN J N,WU Z H,HAN J Y,SHI D C,YANG C W.Alteration of nitrogen metabolism in rice variety'Nipponbare'induced by alkali stress.Plant and Soil,2012,355:131-147.
[23]LEHMANN S,FUNCK D,SZABADOS L,RENTSCH D.Proline metabolism and transport in plant development.Amino Acids,2010,39:949-962.
[24]KERN A J,DYER W E.Glycine betaine biosynthesis is induced by salt stress but repressed by auxinic herbicides in Kochia scoparia.Journal Plant Growth Regulation,2004,23:9-19.