面向物联网的可见光近场通信方法研究
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摘要
为了满足物联网应用中边缘感知系统信息交互的需求,可以采用传输便捷、功耗较低的近场通信方法。然而,传统的近场通信方法基于电磁波的广播通信,广播通信存在着安全性的先天不足。针对这一安全问题,使用移动设备上的可见光传感器实现了一种面向物联网的可见光近场双工通信系统。在该系统中,上行链路和下行链路采用不同的传感器模块进行数据传输。上行链路由环境光传感器感知光强变化完成数据接收,并且针对可见光源信号不稳定的特点,提出了一种基于可见光通信的状态转化调制STM(State Transaction Modulation)策略。在下行链路中,采用图像传感器扫描移动设备屏幕实现数据传输,并提出了一种能耗自适应的信号传输方法降低下行链路的能量开销。实验结果表明,在上行链路中,STM调制的传输速率高于PWM和PIM调制且能耗大幅降低,在传输序列有重复的情况下吞吐率亦优于DH-PIM调制。
In order to meet the information exchange of perceptual edge system,a near-field communication method with convenient transmission and low power consumption can be adopted. However,the conventional near field communication method is based on electromagnetic wave broadcast communication,and there is an inherent deficiency in security of broadcast communication. To solve this security problem,we proposed a near-field hybrid and duplex communication system using visible-light sensor of off-the-shelf mobile devices. In this system,the uplink and downlink use different sensor modules for data transmission. With uplink,the light sensor by detecting the change of Light intensity to receive data. Then,the instability of the uplink visible-light source makes us to design a state-based State Transaction Modulation(STM)for improving the transmitting rate. With downlink,the image sensor is used to scan the mobile device screen for data transmission. The screen continuously working brings up massive energy consumption. For this,we propose an energy-adaptive signal transmission method to reduce the energy cost of the downlink. The experimental results illustrate,for uplink,that the transmission rate of STM is higher than PWM and PIM and consumes a less energy. The throughput of STM is larger than DH-PIM when the data includes repetitive sequence.
In order to meet the information exchange of perceptual edge system,a near-field communication method with convenient transmission and low power consumption can be adopted. However,the conventional near field communication method is based on electromagnetic wave broadcast communication,and there is an inherent deficiency in security of broadcast communication. To solve this security problem,we proposed a near-field hybrid and duplex communication system using visible-light sensor of off-the-shelf mobile devices. In this system,the uplink and downlink use different sensor modules for data transmission. With uplink,the light sensor by detecting the change of Light intensity to receive data. Then,the instability of the uplink visible-light source makes us to design a state-based State Transaction Modulation(STM)for improving the transmitting rate. With downlink,the image sensor is used to scan the mobile device screen for data transmission. The screen continuously working brings up massive energy consumption. For this,we propose an energy-adaptive signal transmission method to reduce the energy cost of the downlink. The experimental results illustrate,for uplink,that the transmission rate of STM is higher than PWM and PIM and consumes a less energy. The throughput of STM is larger than DH-PIM when the data includes repetitive sequence.
引文
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[25] Li L,Hu P,Peng C,et al.Epsilon:A Visible Light Based Positioning System[C]//Usenix Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation.USENIX Association,2014:331-343.邱杰凡(1984-),男,汉族,浙江工业大学计算机科学与技术学院,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为无线传感器网络,物联网,qiujiefan@zjut.edu.cn;毛科技(1979-),男,汉族,浙江工业大学计算机科学与技术学院副教授,博士,主要研究方向为物联网技术、人工智能大数据分析,maokeji@zjut.edu.cn;李成林(1994-),男,汉族,浙江工业大学计算机科学与技术学院,硕士,主要研究方向为无线传感器网络,物联网,lichenglin@zjut.edu.cn。
[2] Shi W,Cao J,Zhang Q,et al.Edge Computing:Vision and Challenges[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2016,3(5):637-646.
[3] Shao S,Khreishah A,Rahaim M B,et al.An Indoor Hybrid WiFi-VLC Internet Access System[C]//International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.IEEE,2014:569-574.
[4] Fan L,Liu Q,Jiang C,et al.Visible Light Communication Using the Flash Light LED of the Smart Phone as a Light Source and Its Application in the Access Control System[C]//MTT-S International Wireless Symposium.IEEE,2016:1-4.
[5] Wang Y,Chi N.A High-Speed Bi-Directional Visible Light Communication System Based on RGB-LED[J].China Communications,2014,11(3):40-44.
[6] Adiono T,Pradana A,Putra R V W,et al.Analog Filters Design in VLC Analog Front-End Receiver for Reducing Indoor Ambient Light Noise[C]//Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems.IEEE,2016:581-584.
[7] Larson E C,Goel M,Boriello G,et al.SpiroSmart:Using A Microphone to Measure Lung Function on a Mobile Phone[C]//ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing.ACM,2012:280-289.
[8] Landreani F,Martin-Yebra A,Casellato C,et al.Feasibility Study for Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Detection by Smartphone’s Accelerometers[C]//E-Health and Bioengineering Conference.IEEE,2015:1-4.
[9] 何永勃,贾辉,姜坤,等.基于Android终端陀螺仪传感器的无人机飞行姿态控制[J].传感技术学报,2015(4):474-478.
[10] 陈帅,王国英,莫路锋.基于角度补偿的手机多传感器数据融合测距算法[J].传感技术学报,2017,30(2):253-259.
[11] Wang Q,Zhou M,Ren K,et al.Rain Bar:Robust Application-Driven Visual Communication Using Color Barcodes[C]//International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.IEEE,2015:537-546.
[12] 汪井源,徐智勇,朱勇,等.室内可见光通信中噪声与干扰的实验与仿真分析[J].光电子.激光,2012(7):1314-1318.
[13] 陈泉润,张涛,郑伟波,等.基于白光LED可见光通信的研究现状及应用前景[J].半导体光电,2016,37(4):455-460.
[14] Tanaka Y,Haruyama S,Nakagawa M.Wireless Optical Transmissions with White Colored LED for Wireless Home Links[C]//International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.IEEE,2000,2:1325-1329.
[15] Nakajima M,Haruyama S.Indoor Navigation System for Visually Impaired People Using Visible Light Communication and Compensated Geomagnetic Sensing[C]//International Conference on Communications in China.IEEE,2012:524-529.
[16] Das S,Chakraborty A,Chakraborty D,et al.PC to PC Data Transmission Using Visible Light Communication[C]//International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics.IEEE,2017:1-5.
[17] Nguyen T,Hong C H,Le N T,et al.High-Speed Asynchronous Optical Camera Communication Using LED and Rolling Shutter Camera[C]//2015 Seventh International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks.IEEE,2015:214-219.
[18] 陈铁.基于FPGA无线光通信PPM调制解调的设计[J].信息技术,2015(2):151-154.
[19] Kahn J M,Barry J R.Wireless Infrared Communication[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1997,85(2):265-298.
[20] 张建昆,刘博,杨宇,等.一种室内可见光通信亮度控制方法[J].光电子·激光,2011,22(7):1013-1017.
[21] Ghassemlooy Z,Hayes A R,Seed N L,et al.Digital Pulse Interval Modulation for Optical Communications[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,1998,36(12):95-99.
[22] Aldibbiat N M,Ghassemlooy Z,McLaughlin R.Error Performance of Dual Header Pulse Interval Modulation(DH-PIM)in Optical Wireless Communications[J].IEEE Proc Optoelectron,2001,148(2):91-96.
[23] Zhang K,Wu C,Yang C,et al.ChromaCode:A Fully Imperceptible Screen-Camera Communication System[C]//Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking.ACM,2018:575-590.
[24] 程茹洁,陆建,蒋厚明,等.智能移动终端能耗敏感行为分析[J].计算机与现代化,2017(8):114-122.
[25] Li L,Hu P,Peng C,et al.Epsilon:A Visible Light Based Positioning System[C]//Usenix Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation.USENIX Association,2014:331-343.邱杰凡(1984-),男,汉族,浙江工业大学计算机科学与技术学院,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为无线传感器网络,物联网,qiujiefan@zjut.edu.cn;毛科技(1979-),男,汉族,浙江工业大学计算机科学与技术学院副教授,博士,主要研究方向为物联网技术、人工智能大数据分析,maokeji@zjut.edu.cn;李成林(1994-),男,汉族,浙江工业大学计算机科学与技术学院,硕士,主要研究方向为无线传感器网络,物联网,lichenglin@zjut.edu.cn。