烧结温度对Nd_(24.38)Ce_(0.52)Gd_(6.65)Fe_(bal.)TM_(1.76)B_(0.95)磁体组织与性能的影响
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摘要
采用双合金法制备Nd_(24.38)Ce_(0.52)Gd_(6.65)Fe_(bal.)TM_(1.76)B_(0.95)(质量分数,%)永磁体,通过扫描电镜及能谱、AMT-4磁测试仪、电子万能力学试验机等手段研究烧结温度对磁体组织和性能的影响.结果表明:随烧结温度从1 060℃升高到1 100℃,在烧结温度为1 080℃时,晶粒均匀且结合致密,富稀土相分布均匀,能获得较好的组织形态;富稀土相中稀土总含量从84.98%增加到98.04%,烧结过程中铈从主相显著扩散到富稀土相;磁体剩磁B_r、矫顽力H_(cj)、磁能积(BH)_(max)先升后降,在1 080℃烧结时获得较好的磁性能,分别为1.22 T、964 k A/m和293 k J/m~3,同时磁体抗弯强度也达到最大值为257 MPa.
Nd_(24.38)Ce_(0.52)Gd_(6.65) Febalance Fe_(bal.)TM_(1.76)B_(0.95)(mass fraction,%)permanent magnets were prepared using du-al-alloy technology.The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of the magnets was probed by scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer,AMT-4 magnetic tester and electronic universal mechanical testing machine.The sintering temperature applied in the article ranged from1 060 °C to 1 100 °C.The results show that when the sintering temperature is 1 080 ℃,the best microstructure of the magnets is obtained with uniform and tight grains and even-distributed Re-rich phase;with the sintering temperature rising from 1 060 °C to 1 100 °C,the content of Re in Re-rich phase rapidly increases from 84.98 % up to 98.04 % and the diffusion of Ce from the main phase to the Re-rich phase is greatly imp roved during the sintering process;magnetic remanence(B_r),coercivity(H_(cj)),and maximum energy product[(BH)_(max)] of the magnets raise first and then decrease as the increase of sintering temperature;when sintered at1 080 ℃,the magnets exhibits the best properties,with Brof 1.22 T,Hcjof 964 k A/m and(BH)_(max) of 293 k J/m~3,along with the maximum bending strength of 257 MPa.
Nd_(24.38)Ce_(0.52)Gd_(6.65) Febalance Fe_(bal.)TM_(1.76)B_(0.95)(mass fraction,%)permanent magnets were prepared using du-al-alloy technology.The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of the magnets was probed by scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer,AMT-4 magnetic tester and electronic universal mechanical testing machine.The sintering temperature applied in the article ranged from1 060 °C to 1 100 °C.The results show that when the sintering temperature is 1 080 ℃,the best microstructure of the magnets is obtained with uniform and tight grains and even-distributed Re-rich phase;with the sintering temperature rising from 1 060 °C to 1 100 °C,the content of Re in Re-rich phase rapidly increases from 84.98 % up to 98.04 % and the diffusion of Ce from the main phase to the Re-rich phase is greatly imp roved during the sintering process;magnetic remanence(B_r),coercivity(H_(cj)),and maximum energy product[(BH)_(max)] of the magnets raise first and then decrease as the increase of sintering temperature;when sintered at1 080 ℃,the magnets exhibits the best properties,with Brof 1.22 T,Hcjof 964 k A/m and(BH)_(max) of 293 k J/m~3,along with the maximum bending strength of 257 MPa.
引文
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[2]CHRISTMANN P.A forward look into rare earth supply and demand:A role for sedimentary phosphate Deposits[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,83:19-26.
[3]CHARALAMPIDES G,VATALIS K I,APOSTOPLOS B,et al.Rare earth elements:industrial applications and economic dependency of Europe[J].Procedia Economics and Finance,2015,24:126-135.
[4]MASSARI S,RUBERTI M.Rare earth elements as critical raw materials:Focus on international markets and future strategies[J].Resources Policy,2013,38(1):36-43.
[5]AHMAD Z,YAN M,TAO S,et al.Effects of gadolinium and silicon substitution on magnetic properties and microstructure of NdFe-B-Nb bulk nano composite magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2015,378(2):558-564.
[6]WANG X C,ZHU M G,LI W,et al.Effects of the ingot phase transition on microstructure and magnetic properties of Ce Nd Fe B melt-spun ribbons[J].Physica B:Condensed Matter,2015,476(11):150-153.
[7]HUSSAINA M,LIUA J,ZHAO L Z,et al.Composition related magnetic properties and coercivity mechanism for melt spun[(La0.5Ce0.5)1-xREx]10Fe84B6(RE=Nd or Dy)nanocomposite alloys[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2016,339(2):26-31.
[8]YAN W L,YAN S H,YU D B,et al.Influence of gadolinium on microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Nd Gd Fe B magnets[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2012,30(2):133-135.
[9]LIU X B,ALTOUNIAN Z,HUANG M D,et al.The partitioning of La and Y in Nd-Fe-B magnets:A first-principles study[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2013,549(2):366-369.
[10]LIU X Y,HU L X,LI Y P,et al.Grain texrure,Nd content and processing condition effects on manetic properties of NdFe B composite magnets[J].Modern Physics Letters B,2013,27(19):1-8.
[11]周寿增,董清飞,高学绪.烧结钕铁硼稀土永磁材料与技术[M].1版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2011.
[12]ZHU M G,LI W,WANG J D,et al.Influence of Ce content on the rectangularity of demagnetization curves and magnetic properties of Re-Fe-B magnets sintered by double main phase alloy method[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2014,50(1):1000104.
[13]TAKEZAWA M,AIBA K,YASUDA H,et al.Effect of Nd-rich phase on c-axis orientation of Nd-Fe-B melt-spun magnet and its domain structure[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2007,310(2):2572-2574.
[14]朱明钢,李岫梅,郭永权,等.(Dy Nd)(Fe Al)B速凝薄带的热处理对磁体的性能和微结构的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2003,21(4):397-400.
[15]阮建明,黄培云.粉末冶金原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2012.
[16]LI Z,LIU W Q,ZHA S S,et al.Effects of Ce substitution on the microstructures and intrinsic magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B alloy[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2015,393(11):551-554.
[17]LI Z B,SHEN B G,ZHANG M,et al.Substitution of Ce for Nd in preparing R2Fe14B nanocrystalline magnets[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,628(5):325-328.
[18]LI Y F,ZHU M G,LI A H,et al.Relationship between controllable preparation and microstructure of Nd Fe B sintered magnets[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2014,32(7):628-632.
[19]HU Z H,QU H J,ZHAO J Q,et al.Effect of sintering process on the magnetic and mechanical properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2014,368(11):54-58.
[20]SEPEHRI-AMIN H,OHKUBO T,HONO K.The mechanism of coercivity enhancement by the grainboundary diffusion process of Nd Fe B sintered magnets[J].Acta Materialia,2013,61(6):1982-1990.
[21]朱明刚,方以坤,李卫.高性能Nd-Fe-B复合永磁材料微磁结构与矫顽力机制[J].中国材料进展,2013,32(2):65-73.