钵苗机插对沿江双季稻北缘地区双季晚稻生长特性与产量的影响
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摘要
以常规粳稻品种镇稻18和杂交粳稻品种春优284、甬优4550为供试材料,设置钵苗机插、毯状秧机插及传统塑盘旱育抛栽3种不同栽植模式,试图探索沿江地区双季晚稻北缘地区适宜的栽插方式及配套技术问题。结果表明,钵苗摆栽模式配合大龄壮秧培育技术可以提前2~3 d安全齐穗,提前3~6 d成熟;受机械性能限制钵苗机插基本苗数少于毯状秧机插和抛栽模式,但进入大田生长期后,单位面积茎蘖数差异逐渐缩小,钵苗机插模式表现出较好的群体弹性和成穗的稳定性;钵苗机栽在颖花数和结实率方面表现优异,实测产量较毯状秧机栽高5.2%。总之,钵苗机插模式应用于沿江双季稻北缘地区具有较好的适应性和稳定性,是适应于本地区双季晚稻生产的机械化栽插方式。
In order to explore the suitable transplanting mode and matching techniques for double-cropping late rice in northern marginal area of the Yangtze river,we took the conventional japonica rice variety "Zhendao 18"and the hybrid japonica rice varieties "Chunyou 284"and "Yongyou 4550"as experimental materials,and carried out experiments by setting up three kinds of different transplanting modes( mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings,mechanically transplanting blanket-like seedlings,and traditionally broadcasting the seedlings reared in dry plastic plate). The results showed that: the mode of mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings combined with the cultivation technique of older and strong seedlings could promote the safe and full heading 2 ~ 3 days earlier,as well as the maturity 3 ~ 6 days earlier; the basic seedling number of rice in the treatment of mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings was the least among three transplanting treatments,but the difference in stem and tiller number per unit area among three transplanting treatments gradually shrunk in field growth period; the mode of mechanically transplanting potseedlings exhibited a better group flexibility and ear-forming stability; the mode of mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings had superiority in spikelet number and setting rate,and it obtained 5.2% higher actual yield than the mode of mechanically transplanting blanket-like seedlings. In conclusion,the mode of mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings has a good adaptability and stability for double-cropping late rice in northern marginal area of the Yangtze river,and can be applied in this area.
In order to explore the suitable transplanting mode and matching techniques for double-cropping late rice in northern marginal area of the Yangtze river,we took the conventional japonica rice variety "Zhendao 18"and the hybrid japonica rice varieties "Chunyou 284"and "Yongyou 4550"as experimental materials,and carried out experiments by setting up three kinds of different transplanting modes( mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings,mechanically transplanting blanket-like seedlings,and traditionally broadcasting the seedlings reared in dry plastic plate). The results showed that: the mode of mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings combined with the cultivation technique of older and strong seedlings could promote the safe and full heading 2 ~ 3 days earlier,as well as the maturity 3 ~ 6 days earlier; the basic seedling number of rice in the treatment of mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings was the least among three transplanting treatments,but the difference in stem and tiller number per unit area among three transplanting treatments gradually shrunk in field growth period; the mode of mechanically transplanting potseedlings exhibited a better group flexibility and ear-forming stability; the mode of mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings had superiority in spikelet number and setting rate,and it obtained 5.2% higher actual yield than the mode of mechanically transplanting blanket-like seedlings. In conclusion,the mode of mechanically transplanting pot-seedlings has a good adaptability and stability for double-cropping late rice in northern marginal area of the Yangtze river,and can be applied in this area.
引文
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[3]王全忠.我国长江流域发展双季稻的调控路径选择[J].农业技术经济,2015(7):70-71.
[4]张元红,刘长全,国鲁来.中国粮食安全状况评价与战略思考[J].中国农村观察,2015(1):12-13.
[5]孙德超,李晓东,姜阿利,等.水稻钵育秧苗机插技术特点及其优势[J].农业机械,2010(20):69.
[6]胡雅杰,邢志鹏,龚金龙,等.钵苗机插水稻群体动态特征及高产形成机制的探讨[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(5):865-879.
[7]张洪程,朱聪聪,霍中洋,等.钵苗机插水稻产量形成优势及主要生理生态特点[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(21):50-59.
[8]姚月明,沈明星,孙华,等.钵苗移栽对单季晚稻生育特性及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2000(1):13-15.
[9]高连兴,赵秀荣.机械化移栽方式对水稻产量及主要性状的影响[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(5):45-48.
[10]吴一梅,张洪程.秧龄对机插水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2009(1):36-38.
[11]潘晓华,陈小荣,杨福孙.双季水稻塑盘旱育抛栽基本苗公式的建立[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(3):290-294.
[12]张洪程.钵苗机插水稻生产特点及其利用的核心技术[J].农机市场,2012(8):19-21.
[13]李木英,黄程宽,谭雪明,等.不同机插条件下双季稻不同品种的分蘖特性[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(2):245-252.
[14]邹应斌.长江流域双季稻栽培技术发展[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(2):254-262.
[15]曾勇军.双季稻高产群体株型指标及调控对策研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2008.
[16]邴延忠,陈宗凯.水稻钵苗移栽机械化技术研发与应用[J].农机科技推广,2011(4):52.
[17]张洪程,龚金龙.中国水稻种植机械化高产农艺研究现状及发展探讨[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1273-1289.