基于QR码和DWT-SVD分解的双水印算法
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摘要
目的为了进一步提高水印的鲁棒性和保护性,文中提出一种基于QR码和DWT-SVD分解的双重水印方案。方法将次级水印的奇异值嵌入主水印经一级离散小波变换后低频系数的奇异值中,再将含有次级水印信息的主水印奇异值嵌入主图像的二级小波变换后低频系数的奇异值中。结果经仿真实验发现,文中算法的主水印和次级水印PSNR值可达66 dB和60 dB,并对于高斯噪声、JPEG压缩、JPEG2000压缩、旋转攻击、对比度增强以及缩放攻击有一定的鲁棒性,攻击后提取的水印相关系数接近于1。结论算法属于非盲水印,在多种攻击情况下都能检测到次要水印,但有时候主水印会严重失真。
The work aims to propose a dual watermarking algorithm based on QR code and DWT-SVD decomposition to further improve the robustness and safety of watermark. The singular value of the secondary watermark was embedded into the singular value of the low-frequency coefficient of the primary watermark after the first-order discrete wavelet transform and then the primary watermark singular value containing the secondary watermark information was embedded into the singular value of the low frequency coefficient after the second wavelet transform of the main image. Through the simulation experiment, the PSNR values of primary watermark and secondary watermark by the proposed algorithm were respectively 66 dB and 60 dB. The proposed algorithm was robust to Gaussian noise, JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression, rotation attack, contrast enhancement and scaling attacks. The relevant watermark coefficient extracted after attack was close to 1. The algorithm is a non-blind watermark. The secondary watermarks can be detected under various attack conditions, but sometimes the primary watermark maybe seriously distorted.
The work aims to propose a dual watermarking algorithm based on QR code and DWT-SVD decomposition to further improve the robustness and safety of watermark. The singular value of the secondary watermark was embedded into the singular value of the low-frequency coefficient of the primary watermark after the first-order discrete wavelet transform and then the primary watermark singular value containing the secondary watermark information was embedded into the singular value of the low frequency coefficient after the second wavelet transform of the main image. Through the simulation experiment, the PSNR values of primary watermark and secondary watermark by the proposed algorithm were respectively 66 dB and 60 dB. The proposed algorithm was robust to Gaussian noise, JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression, rotation attack, contrast enhancement and scaling attacks. The relevant watermark coefficient extracted after attack was close to 1. The algorithm is a non-blind watermark. The secondary watermarks can be detected under various attack conditions, but sometimes the primary watermark maybe seriously distorted.
引文
[1]NGUYEN T H,DUONG D M,DUONG D A.Robust and High Capacity Watermarking for Image Based on DWT-SVD[C]//Computing&Communication Technologies Research,Innovation,and Vision for the Future(RIVF),2015 IEEE RIVF International Conference on,Can Tho,2015:83-88.
[2]VONGPRADHIP S,RUNGRAUNGSILP S.QR Code Using Invisible Watermarking in Frequency Domain[C]//2011 Ninth International on ICT and Knowledge Engineering,2012:47-52.
[3]XIE Rong-sheng,WU Ke-shou,XU Gao-pan,et al.Research on Anti-Counterfeiting Quick Reaponse 2DBarcode Techniques Based on Digital Watermark[J].Shanghai Jiaotong Univ(sci),2013,18(4):443-447.
[4]白韬韬,刘真,卢鹏.基于QR码的抗几何攻击数字水印[J].包装工程,2013,34(11):113-116.BAI Tao-tao,LIU Zhen,LU Peng.Geometrical Attack Resistant Digital Watermarking Based on QR Code[J].Packaging Engineering,2013,34(11):113-116.
[5]ZHANG W J,MENG X T.An Improved Digital Watermarking Technology Based on QR Code[C]//20154th International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology(ICCSNT),Harbin,2015:1004-1007.
[6]石红芹,余鹰,王艳.一种基于NSCT与小波变换的全频域双水印算法[J].包装工程,2017,34(15):155-160.SHI Hong-qin,YU Ying,WANG Yan.A Full Frequency-Domain Double-watermarking Algorithm Based on NSCT and Wavelet Transform[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,34(15):155-160.
[7]刘丽,周亚建,张斌,等.基于DCT和SVD的QR码数字水印算法[J].红外与激光工程,2013,42(S2):304-311.LIU Li,ZHOU Ya-jian,ZHANG Bin,et al.Digital Watermarking Method for QR Code Images Based on DCT and SVD[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2013,42(S2):304-311.
[8]于海娇,孙刘杰,李毓彬,等.基于QR码的DWT-SVD数字水印算法[J].包装工程,2015,36(23):125-129.YU Hai-jiao,SUN Liu-jie,LI Yu-bin.Digital Watermark Algorithm with DWT-SVD Based on QRCode[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(23):125-129.
[9]薛青晨,吴丹,陈大庆,等.基于DWT-SVD和QR码的抗几何攻击数字水印技术[J].包装工程,2016,37(11):158-162.XUE Qing-chen,WU Dan,CHEN Da-qing,et al.Geometrical Attack Resistant Digital Watermarking Technology Based on DWT-SVD and QR Code[J].Packaging Engineering,2016,37(11):158-162.
[10]何冰,朱志平.基于对数极坐标下的SVD数字水印算法[J].计算机与数字工程,2011,39(10):138-141.HE Bing,ZHU Zhi-ping.A Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on SVD and Log-polar Coordinates[J].Computer&Digital Engineering,2011,39(10):138-141.
[11]SWANSON M D,ZHU B,TEWFIK A H,et al.Robust Audio Watermarking Using Perceptual Masking[J].Signal processing Elesvier,1998,66(3):337-355.
[12]BHATNAGAR G,RAMAN B,SWAMINATHAN K.DWT-SVD Based Dual Watermarking Scheme[J].International Conference on Applications of Digital Information&Web Technologies,IEEE,2008:526-531.
[13]杨剑,朱莉.基于分块的DCT域和DWT域的双水印算法改进[J].电子设计工程,2016,24(18):145-148.YANG Jian,ZHU Li.Dual Watermarking Algorithm Based on DCT Domain and DWT Domain Chunked Improvement[J].Electronic Design Engineering,2016,24(18):145-148.
[14]郭倩,陈广学,陈奇峰.基于DCT-SVD的双QR码水印防伪算法[J].包装工程,2015,36(17):119-125.GUO Qian,CHEN Guang-xue,CHEN Qi-feng.Double QR Code Watermarking Algorithm Based on DCT-SVD[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(17):119-125.
[15]孙业强,王晓红,李肖赫.基于QR码和DWT-SVD技术的双彩色盲水印算法[J].包装工程,2017,38(11):193-198.SUN Ye-qiang,WANG Xiao-hong,LI Xiao-he.Double Color Blind Watermarking Algorithm Based on QRCode and DWT-SVD[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,38(11):193-198.
[2]VONGPRADHIP S,RUNGRAUNGSILP S.QR Code Using Invisible Watermarking in Frequency Domain[C]//2011 Ninth International on ICT and Knowledge Engineering,2012:47-52.
[3]XIE Rong-sheng,WU Ke-shou,XU Gao-pan,et al.Research on Anti-Counterfeiting Quick Reaponse 2DBarcode Techniques Based on Digital Watermark[J].Shanghai Jiaotong Univ(sci),2013,18(4):443-447.
[4]白韬韬,刘真,卢鹏.基于QR码的抗几何攻击数字水印[J].包装工程,2013,34(11):113-116.BAI Tao-tao,LIU Zhen,LU Peng.Geometrical Attack Resistant Digital Watermarking Based on QR Code[J].Packaging Engineering,2013,34(11):113-116.
[5]ZHANG W J,MENG X T.An Improved Digital Watermarking Technology Based on QR Code[C]//20154th International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology(ICCSNT),Harbin,2015:1004-1007.
[6]石红芹,余鹰,王艳.一种基于NSCT与小波变换的全频域双水印算法[J].包装工程,2017,34(15):155-160.SHI Hong-qin,YU Ying,WANG Yan.A Full Frequency-Domain Double-watermarking Algorithm Based on NSCT and Wavelet Transform[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,34(15):155-160.
[7]刘丽,周亚建,张斌,等.基于DCT和SVD的QR码数字水印算法[J].红外与激光工程,2013,42(S2):304-311.LIU Li,ZHOU Ya-jian,ZHANG Bin,et al.Digital Watermarking Method for QR Code Images Based on DCT and SVD[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2013,42(S2):304-311.
[8]于海娇,孙刘杰,李毓彬,等.基于QR码的DWT-SVD数字水印算法[J].包装工程,2015,36(23):125-129.YU Hai-jiao,SUN Liu-jie,LI Yu-bin.Digital Watermark Algorithm with DWT-SVD Based on QRCode[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(23):125-129.
[9]薛青晨,吴丹,陈大庆,等.基于DWT-SVD和QR码的抗几何攻击数字水印技术[J].包装工程,2016,37(11):158-162.XUE Qing-chen,WU Dan,CHEN Da-qing,et al.Geometrical Attack Resistant Digital Watermarking Technology Based on DWT-SVD and QR Code[J].Packaging Engineering,2016,37(11):158-162.
[10]何冰,朱志平.基于对数极坐标下的SVD数字水印算法[J].计算机与数字工程,2011,39(10):138-141.HE Bing,ZHU Zhi-ping.A Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on SVD and Log-polar Coordinates[J].Computer&Digital Engineering,2011,39(10):138-141.
[11]SWANSON M D,ZHU B,TEWFIK A H,et al.Robust Audio Watermarking Using Perceptual Masking[J].Signal processing Elesvier,1998,66(3):337-355.
[12]BHATNAGAR G,RAMAN B,SWAMINATHAN K.DWT-SVD Based Dual Watermarking Scheme[J].International Conference on Applications of Digital Information&Web Technologies,IEEE,2008:526-531.
[13]杨剑,朱莉.基于分块的DCT域和DWT域的双水印算法改进[J].电子设计工程,2016,24(18):145-148.YANG Jian,ZHU Li.Dual Watermarking Algorithm Based on DCT Domain and DWT Domain Chunked Improvement[J].Electronic Design Engineering,2016,24(18):145-148.
[14]郭倩,陈广学,陈奇峰.基于DCT-SVD的双QR码水印防伪算法[J].包装工程,2015,36(17):119-125.GUO Qian,CHEN Guang-xue,CHEN Qi-feng.Double QR Code Watermarking Algorithm Based on DCT-SVD[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(17):119-125.
[15]孙业强,王晓红,李肖赫.基于QR码和DWT-SVD技术的双彩色盲水印算法[J].包装工程,2017,38(11):193-198.SUN Ye-qiang,WANG Xiao-hong,LI Xiao-he.Double Color Blind Watermarking Algorithm Based on QRCode and DWT-SVD[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,38(11):193-198.