华北地区设施茄子蒸散量估算模型及作物系数确定
|
摘要
构建华北地区设施茄子蒸散量估算模型,可为制定其优化灌溉制度提供理论依据。本研究设灌水定额15 mm(W1)、22.5 mm(W2)、30 mm(W3)和37.5 mm(充分灌溉, CK)4个处理,在设施茄子苗期、开花座果期和成熟采摘期土壤含水率分别达田间持水量的70%、80%和70%时进行灌溉,以保证土壤供水充足。基于修正后的Penman-Monteith方程,通过分析CK处理的作物系数与叶面积指数的关系,建立了基于气象数据与叶面积指数的蒸散量估算模型,利用W1、 W2和W3实测蒸散量对其进行验证。结果表明:修正后的Penman-Monteith方程可用于设施参考作物蒸散量的估算,W1、W2和W3蒸散量的实测值与新建模型的模拟值平均相对误差分别为17.81%、18.31%和17.97%。作物系数与叶面积指数呈显著线性关系,可通过叶面积指数确定作物系数。分析W1、W2、W3和CK处理的产量和水分利用效率(WUE)得出, W2与CK产量差异性不显著,而WUE差异性显著,较CK提高31.59%,表明W2兼顾产量和WUE。W2处理下茄子的作物系数,苗期为0.21～0.46,开花座果期为0.62～0.94,成熟采摘期为0.70～0.92。本研究认为,新建模型在估算设施茄子实际蒸散量上具有较好适用性,计算出的作物系数在节水灌溉条件下具有实际应用价值。
The theoretical basis of a model for estimation of evapotranspiration of greenhouse eggplants in North China was constructed for the development of optimized irrigation systems.Because irrigation of vegetables in North China has been much higher than crop evapotranspiration,severe deep soil water leakage has occurred,resulting in soil salinization and compaction.This has had a significant impact on the yield and quality of vegetables,resulting in larges waste of water resources.An evapotranspiration model was needed to not only guide irrigation to improve water use efficiency of vegetables,also lay the foundation for the application of agricultural information technology.It can be used to alleviate over-exploitation of groundwater and reduce frequent occurrences of diseases and pests in vegetables due to large amount irrigation.Therefore,it was necessary to establish a model that can accurately simulate vegetable evapotranspiration under greenhouse conditions.In this experiment,the effect of irrigation quota on yield and water use efficiency of eggplant in greenhouse was investigated by setting watering quotas of 15 mm(W1),22.5 mm(W2),30 mm(W3) and 37.5 mm(full irrigation quota,CK).The fields were irrigated to ensure sufficient water supply at seeding,flowering and maturity stages,at which the soil moisture contents were kept respectively at 70%,80% and 70% of field capacity.Based on the modified Penman-Monteith equation and by analysis of relationship between crop coefficient and leaf area index of CK treatment,a model for the evapotranspiration based on meteorological data and leaf area index was established.The model was validated by measured evapotranspiration data under W1,W2 and W3.The results showed that average relative errors between the measured evapotranspiration for W1,W2 and W3 and the simulated values by the model were respectively 17.81%,18.31% and 17.97%.This showed that the modified Penman-Monteith equation accurately estimated reference crop evapotranspiration under greenhouse conditions.Crop coefficient(Kc) had a significant linear regression with leaf area index(LAI),Kc = 0.21 LAI+0.199 1(P < 0.05),indicating that it was possible to determine crop coefficient from leaf area index.The simulated results showed on significant difference in yield(P > 0.05),and significant difference in WUE(P < 0.05) between W2 and CK.WUE of W2 was 31.59% higher than that of CK,indicating that W2 addressed both yield and WUE.Crop coefficients of eggplants at seedling stage and flowering to fruiting period and ripening stage under W2 treatment were respectively 0.21-0.46,0.62-0.94 and 0.70-0.92.The study suggested that the new model was applicable in estimating actual evapotranspiration of facility eggplants.It calculated crop coefficient that was of practical value in water-saving irrigation.The research was significant for guiding agricultural precision irrigation.
The theoretical basis of a model for estimation of evapotranspiration of greenhouse eggplants in North China was constructed for the development of optimized irrigation systems.Because irrigation of vegetables in North China has been much higher than crop evapotranspiration,severe deep soil water leakage has occurred,resulting in soil salinization and compaction.This has had a significant impact on the yield and quality of vegetables,resulting in larges waste of water resources.An evapotranspiration model was needed to not only guide irrigation to improve water use efficiency of vegetables,also lay the foundation for the application of agricultural information technology.It can be used to alleviate over-exploitation of groundwater and reduce frequent occurrences of diseases and pests in vegetables due to large amount irrigation.Therefore,it was necessary to establish a model that can accurately simulate vegetable evapotranspiration under greenhouse conditions.In this experiment,the effect of irrigation quota on yield and water use efficiency of eggplant in greenhouse was investigated by setting watering quotas of 15 mm(W1),22.5 mm(W2),30 mm(W3) and 37.5 mm(full irrigation quota,CK).The fields were irrigated to ensure sufficient water supply at seeding,flowering and maturity stages,at which the soil moisture contents were kept respectively at 70%,80% and 70% of field capacity.Based on the modified Penman-Monteith equation and by analysis of relationship between crop coefficient and leaf area index of CK treatment,a model for the evapotranspiration based on meteorological data and leaf area index was established.The model was validated by measured evapotranspiration data under W1,W2 and W3.The results showed that average relative errors between the measured evapotranspiration for W1,W2 and W3 and the simulated values by the model were respectively 17.81%,18.31% and 17.97%.This showed that the modified Penman-Monteith equation accurately estimated reference crop evapotranspiration under greenhouse conditions.Crop coefficient(Kc) had a significant linear regression with leaf area index(LAI),Kc = 0.21 LAI+0.199 1(P < 0.05),indicating that it was possible to determine crop coefficient from leaf area index.The simulated results showed on significant difference in yield(P > 0.05),and significant difference in WUE(P < 0.05) between W2 and CK.WUE of W2 was 31.59% higher than that of CK,indicating that W2 addressed both yield and WUE.Crop coefficients of eggplants at seedling stage and flowering to fruiting period and ripening stage under W2 treatment were respectively 0.21-0.46,0.62-0.94 and 0.70-0.92.The study suggested that the new model was applicable in estimating actual evapotranspiration of facility eggplants.It calculated crop coefficient that was of practical value in water-saving irrigation.The research was significant for guiding agricultural precision irrigation.
引文
[1]张凯,周婕,赵杰,等.华北平原主要种植模式农业地下水足迹研究--以河北省吴桥县为例[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):328-336ZHANG K,ZHOU J,ZHAO J,et al.Agricultural groundwater footprint of the major cropping system in the North China Plain:A case study of Wuqiao County,Hebei Province[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(3):328-336
[2]YANG J F,LI B Q,LIU S P.A large weighing lysimeter for evapotranspiration and soil-water-groundwater exchange studies[J].Hydrological Processes,2000,14(10):1887-1897
[3]王亚蕊,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.华北落叶松人工林蒸散及产流对叶面积指数变化的响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(21):6928-6938WANG Y R,WANG Y H,YU P T,et al.Simulated responses of evapotranspiration and runoff to changes in the leaf area index of a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(21):6928-6938
[4]Yeager T H,Million J B.Irrigation system capacity determined by container plant evapotranspiration[J].Acta Horticulturae,2013,990(990):327-329
[5]孙宏勇,张喜英,陈素英,等.农田耗水构成、规律及影响因素分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1032-1038SUN H Y,ZHANG X Y,CHEN S Y,et al.Analysis of field water consumption,its pattern,impact and driving factors[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(5):1032-1038
[6]吴林,刘兴冉,闵雷雷,等.黑河中游绿洲区玉米冠层阻抗的环境响应及模拟[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(2):247-257WU L,LIU X R,MIN L L,et al.Response of maize canopy to environmental factors in the middle reach oasis of Heihe River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(2):247-257
[7]段爱旺,孙景生,刘钰,等.北方地区主要农作物灌溉用水定额[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004DUAN A W,SUN J S,LIU Y,et al.Main Crops Irrigation Quota in Northern China[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2004
[8]王娟,王建林,刘家斌,等.基于Penman-Monteith模型的两个蒸散模型在夏玉米农田的参数修正及性能评价[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(6):1917-1924WANG J,WANG J L,LIU J B,et al.Parameters modification and evaluation of two evapotranspiration models based on Penman-Monteith model for summer maize[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(6):1917-1924
[9]吴立峰,白桦,张富仓,等.FAO Penman-Monteith及简化方法在西北适用性研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):139-151WU L F,BAI H,ZHANG F C,et al.Applicability of FAOPenman-Monteith and alternative methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration in Northwest China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):139-151
[10]陈新明,蔡焕杰,李红星,等.温室大棚内作物蒸发蒸腾量计算[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):317-321CHEN X M,CAI H J,LI H X,et al.Calculation of crop evapotranspiration in greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(2):317-321
[11]刘浩,孙景生,梁媛媛,等.滴灌条件下温室番茄需水量估算模型[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1201-1206LIU H,SUN J S,LIANG Y Y,et al.Estimation model for water requirement of greenhouse tomato under drip irrigation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(5):1201-1206
[12]张大龙,李建明,吴普特,等.温室甜瓜营养生长期日蒸腾量估算模型[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1938-1944ZHANG D L,LI J M,WU P T,et al.Estimation model for daily transpiration of greenhouse muskmelon in its vegetative growth period[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(7):1938-1944
[13]王浩,王淑兰,徐宗贵,等.耕作与施肥对旱地玉米田土壤耗水量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(6):856-864WANG H,WANG S L,XU Z G,et al.Effect of tillage and fertilization on water use efficiency of maize in dryland conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(6):856-864
[14]倪纪恒,罗卫红,李永秀,等.温室番茄叶面积与干物质生产的模拟[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1629-1635NI J H,LUO W H,LI Y X,et al.Simulation of leaf area and dry matter production in greenhouse tomato[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(8):1629-1635
[15]ZERME?IO-GONZáLEZ A,MELENDRES-ALVAREZ A I,FUERTE-MOSQUEDA L A,et al.Evapotranspiration rate of a vineyard and its relation to the reference of the FAOPenman-Monteith method[J].Agrociencia,2017,51(1):1-12
[16]AMAZIRH A,ER-RAKI S,CHEHBOUNI A,et al.Modified Penmane-Monteith equation for monitoring evapotranspiration of wheat crop:Relationship between the surface resistance and remotely sensed stress index[J].Biosystems Engineering,2017,164:68-84
[17]GONG L B,XU C Y,CHEN D L,et al.Sensitivity of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration to key climatic variables in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,329(3/4):620-629
[18]TIAN G M,WANG F E,CHEN Y X,et al.Effect of different vegetation systems on soil erosion and soil nutrients in red soil region of southeastern China[J].Pedosphere,2003,13(2):121-128
[19]Baselga Yrisarry J J,Prieto Losada M H,Rodríguez del Rinc&oacu A.Response of processing tomato to three different levels of water and nitrogen applications[C]//International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops.1992:149-156
[20]PAREDES P,PEREIRA L S,RODRIGUES G C,et al.Using the FAO dual crop coefficient approach to model water use and productivity of processing pea(Pisum sativum L.)as influenced by irrigation strategies[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,189:5-18
[21]宋文品,黄菁,陈晓丽,等.地膜覆盖与常规灌溉对冬小麦耗水特征和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(11):1445-1455SONG W P,HUANG J,CHEN X L,et al.Effects of plastic film mulching and conventional irrigation on water consumption characteristics and yield of winter wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(11):1445-1455
[22]吴东,何奇瑾,潘志华,等.东北春玉米不同生育阶段日蒸散发模型的适用性研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(8):18-29WU D,HE Q J,PAN Z H,et al.Applicability of daily evapotranspiration models at different growth stages of spring maize in Northeast China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(8):18-29
[23]刘春伟,曾勰婷,邱让建.用分时段修正双源模型估算南京地区冬小麦生育期蒸散量[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(S1):80-87LIU C W,ZENG X T,QIU R J.Simulated total evapotranspiration of winter wheat with modified Shuttleworth-Wallace model in different stages in Nanjing[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(S1):80-87
[24]刘浩,段爱旺,孙景生,等.基于Penman-Monteith方程的日光温室番茄蒸腾量估算模型[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):208-213LIU H,DUAN A W,SUN J S,et al.Estimation model of transpiration for greenhouse tomato based on Penman-Monteith equation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(9):208-213
[25]DJAMAN K,RUDNICK D,MEL V C,et al.Evaluation of Valiantzas'simplified forms of the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration model in a humid climate[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2017,143(8):06017005
[26]石小虎,蔡焕杰,赵丽丽,等.不同水分处理下基于辐热积的温室番茄干物质生产及分配模型[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(3):69-77SHI X H,CAI H J,ZHAO L L,et al.Greenhouse tomato dry matter production and distribution model under condition of irrigation based on product of thermal effectiveness and photosynthesis active radiation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(3):69-77
[27]张中典,张大龙,李建明,等.辐热积驱动的温室甜瓜作物系数模型[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(2):128-134ZHANG Z D,ZHANG D L,LI J M,et al.Modeling crop coefficient for muskmelon in greenhouse using photo-thermal product[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Natural Science Edition,2017,45(2):128-134
[28]谭峰,高艳萍.基于图像的植物叶面积无损测量方法研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(5):170-173TAN F,GAO Y P.Investigation of the method for non-destructive measurement of leaf area based on image[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(5):170-173
[29]李翠娜,张雪芬,余正泓,等.基于图像提取技术计算夏玉米覆盖度和反演叶面积指数的精度评价[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(4):479-491LI C N,ZHANG X F,YU Z H,et al.Accuracy evaluation of summer maize coverage and leaf area index inversion based on images extraction technology[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(4):479-491
[30]强小嫚,孙景生,刘浩,等.滴灌定额对西瓜/棉花间作产量及水分生产效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):113-119QIANG X M,SUN J S,LIU H,et al.Effects of drip irrigation quota on yield and water productivity in watermelon-cotton intercropping system[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(19):113-119
[31]裴芸,别之龙.塑料大棚中不同灌水量上限对生菜生长、品质及生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(9):176-180PEI Y,BIE Z L.Effects of different irrigation maxima on the growth,quality and physiological characteristics of lettuce in plastic greenhouse[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(9):176-180
[2]YANG J F,LI B Q,LIU S P.A large weighing lysimeter for evapotranspiration and soil-water-groundwater exchange studies[J].Hydrological Processes,2000,14(10):1887-1897
[3]王亚蕊,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.华北落叶松人工林蒸散及产流对叶面积指数变化的响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(21):6928-6938WANG Y R,WANG Y H,YU P T,et al.Simulated responses of evapotranspiration and runoff to changes in the leaf area index of a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(21):6928-6938
[4]Yeager T H,Million J B.Irrigation system capacity determined by container plant evapotranspiration[J].Acta Horticulturae,2013,990(990):327-329
[5]孙宏勇,张喜英,陈素英,等.农田耗水构成、规律及影响因素分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1032-1038SUN H Y,ZHANG X Y,CHEN S Y,et al.Analysis of field water consumption,its pattern,impact and driving factors[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(5):1032-1038
[6]吴林,刘兴冉,闵雷雷,等.黑河中游绿洲区玉米冠层阻抗的环境响应及模拟[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(2):247-257WU L,LIU X R,MIN L L,et al.Response of maize canopy to environmental factors in the middle reach oasis of Heihe River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(2):247-257
[7]段爱旺,孙景生,刘钰,等.北方地区主要农作物灌溉用水定额[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004DUAN A W,SUN J S,LIU Y,et al.Main Crops Irrigation Quota in Northern China[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2004
[8]王娟,王建林,刘家斌,等.基于Penman-Monteith模型的两个蒸散模型在夏玉米农田的参数修正及性能评价[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(6):1917-1924WANG J,WANG J L,LIU J B,et al.Parameters modification and evaluation of two evapotranspiration models based on Penman-Monteith model for summer maize[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(6):1917-1924
[9]吴立峰,白桦,张富仓,等.FAO Penman-Monteith及简化方法在西北适用性研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):139-151WU L F,BAI H,ZHANG F C,et al.Applicability of FAOPenman-Monteith and alternative methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration in Northwest China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):139-151
[10]陈新明,蔡焕杰,李红星,等.温室大棚内作物蒸发蒸腾量计算[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):317-321CHEN X M,CAI H J,LI H X,et al.Calculation of crop evapotranspiration in greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(2):317-321
[11]刘浩,孙景生,梁媛媛,等.滴灌条件下温室番茄需水量估算模型[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1201-1206LIU H,SUN J S,LIANG Y Y,et al.Estimation model for water requirement of greenhouse tomato under drip irrigation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(5):1201-1206
[12]张大龙,李建明,吴普特,等.温室甜瓜营养生长期日蒸腾量估算模型[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1938-1944ZHANG D L,LI J M,WU P T,et al.Estimation model for daily transpiration of greenhouse muskmelon in its vegetative growth period[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(7):1938-1944
[13]王浩,王淑兰,徐宗贵,等.耕作与施肥对旱地玉米田土壤耗水量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(6):856-864WANG H,WANG S L,XU Z G,et al.Effect of tillage and fertilization on water use efficiency of maize in dryland conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(6):856-864
[14]倪纪恒,罗卫红,李永秀,等.温室番茄叶面积与干物质生产的模拟[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1629-1635NI J H,LUO W H,LI Y X,et al.Simulation of leaf area and dry matter production in greenhouse tomato[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(8):1629-1635
[15]ZERME?IO-GONZáLEZ A,MELENDRES-ALVAREZ A I,FUERTE-MOSQUEDA L A,et al.Evapotranspiration rate of a vineyard and its relation to the reference of the FAOPenman-Monteith method[J].Agrociencia,2017,51(1):1-12
[16]AMAZIRH A,ER-RAKI S,CHEHBOUNI A,et al.Modified Penmane-Monteith equation for monitoring evapotranspiration of wheat crop:Relationship between the surface resistance and remotely sensed stress index[J].Biosystems Engineering,2017,164:68-84
[17]GONG L B,XU C Y,CHEN D L,et al.Sensitivity of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration to key climatic variables in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,329(3/4):620-629
[18]TIAN G M,WANG F E,CHEN Y X,et al.Effect of different vegetation systems on soil erosion and soil nutrients in red soil region of southeastern China[J].Pedosphere,2003,13(2):121-128
[19]Baselga Yrisarry J J,Prieto Losada M H,Rodríguez del Rinc&oacu A.Response of processing tomato to three different levels of water and nitrogen applications[C]//International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops.1992:149-156
[20]PAREDES P,PEREIRA L S,RODRIGUES G C,et al.Using the FAO dual crop coefficient approach to model water use and productivity of processing pea(Pisum sativum L.)as influenced by irrigation strategies[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,189:5-18
[21]宋文品,黄菁,陈晓丽,等.地膜覆盖与常规灌溉对冬小麦耗水特征和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(11):1445-1455SONG W P,HUANG J,CHEN X L,et al.Effects of plastic film mulching and conventional irrigation on water consumption characteristics and yield of winter wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(11):1445-1455
[22]吴东,何奇瑾,潘志华,等.东北春玉米不同生育阶段日蒸散发模型的适用性研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(8):18-29WU D,HE Q J,PAN Z H,et al.Applicability of daily evapotranspiration models at different growth stages of spring maize in Northeast China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(8):18-29
[23]刘春伟,曾勰婷,邱让建.用分时段修正双源模型估算南京地区冬小麦生育期蒸散量[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(S1):80-87LIU C W,ZENG X T,QIU R J.Simulated total evapotranspiration of winter wheat with modified Shuttleworth-Wallace model in different stages in Nanjing[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(S1):80-87
[24]刘浩,段爱旺,孙景生,等.基于Penman-Monteith方程的日光温室番茄蒸腾量估算模型[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):208-213LIU H,DUAN A W,SUN J S,et al.Estimation model of transpiration for greenhouse tomato based on Penman-Monteith equation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(9):208-213
[25]DJAMAN K,RUDNICK D,MEL V C,et al.Evaluation of Valiantzas'simplified forms of the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration model in a humid climate[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2017,143(8):06017005
[26]石小虎,蔡焕杰,赵丽丽,等.不同水分处理下基于辐热积的温室番茄干物质生产及分配模型[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(3):69-77SHI X H,CAI H J,ZHAO L L,et al.Greenhouse tomato dry matter production and distribution model under condition of irrigation based on product of thermal effectiveness and photosynthesis active radiation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(3):69-77
[27]张中典,张大龙,李建明,等.辐热积驱动的温室甜瓜作物系数模型[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(2):128-134ZHANG Z D,ZHANG D L,LI J M,et al.Modeling crop coefficient for muskmelon in greenhouse using photo-thermal product[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Natural Science Edition,2017,45(2):128-134
[28]谭峰,高艳萍.基于图像的植物叶面积无损测量方法研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(5):170-173TAN F,GAO Y P.Investigation of the method for non-destructive measurement of leaf area based on image[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(5):170-173
[29]李翠娜,张雪芬,余正泓,等.基于图像提取技术计算夏玉米覆盖度和反演叶面积指数的精度评价[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(4):479-491LI C N,ZHANG X F,YU Z H,et al.Accuracy evaluation of summer maize coverage and leaf area index inversion based on images extraction technology[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(4):479-491
[30]强小嫚,孙景生,刘浩,等.滴灌定额对西瓜/棉花间作产量及水分生产效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):113-119QIANG X M,SUN J S,LIU H,et al.Effects of drip irrigation quota on yield and water productivity in watermelon-cotton intercropping system[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(19):113-119
[31]裴芸,别之龙.塑料大棚中不同灌水量上限对生菜生长、品质及生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(9):176-180PEI Y,BIE Z L.Effects of different irrigation maxima on the growth,quality and physiological characteristics of lettuce in plastic greenhouse[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(9):176-180