考虑交付质量和交付期约束的移动应用供应链决策与协调
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摘要
针对由ERP厂商、APP厂商与客户企业组成的移动应用供应链,考虑客户企业对软件质量与交付时间存在约束,ERP厂商的售前服务会影响软件开发质量等问题,构建了基于软件质量与交付时间的收益模型,分析了分散与集中决策下双方的最优决策策略以及APP厂商的售后维护成本分担比例与应急成本对双方决策水平的影响,比较了两种决策下对应的合作绩效,提出了双向成本分担与提前交付奖励的供应链协调策略.研究表明:随客户企业的质量感知度增大,ERP厂商通过适当延长交付时间产生的质量改进效应大于延长交付期产生的负效应,使总效应增加;当客户企业的交付期敏感程度小于临界值时,ERP厂商可通过交付高质量软件产品提高自身利润,当交付期敏感程度大于临界值时,可通过提前交付提高自身利润;通过对供应链进行协调,可使原本因无法满足客户企业对质量与交付期的要求而使双方放弃合作的情形变得可合作,使原本可合作时双方的合作绩效与利润更高;当APP厂商独自承担售后维护成本时,实施供应链协调产生的价值大于双方共同承担时对应的值.
In a mobile application supply chain(MASC) consisting of an ERP vendor, an APP-vendor and a customer enterprise, the ERP vendor and the APP vendor develop a mobile application system for the customer enterprise jointly. Considering the impact of ERP vendor's pre-sale service on the software quality, we established a revenue model under the constraints of the software delivery time and quality.After obtaining equilibrium results in the centralized and decentralized scenarios respectively, we compared the corresponding cooperation performance in two scenarios. Furthermore, we proposed a supply chain coordination contract based on bidirectional cost sharing and reward of early delivery. The results show that with the increase of the customer enterprise's quality perception, the quality improvement effect produced by extension of delivery time is greater than the negative effect. When the customer enterprise's sensitivity of delivery time is less than the critical value, the ERP vendor can improve its own profit by delivering high quality mobile application system,and when the customer enterprise's sensitivity of delivery time is more than the critical value, the ERP vendor can improve its own profit by early delivering. By implementing the supply chain coordination contract, ERP vendor and the APP vendor can cooperate in the situation where they cannot cooperate under decentralized situation due to being unable to meet the customer enterprise's basic requirements, and furthermore, the ERP vendor and APP vendor can achieve higher profits compared with the profits under decentralized situation. Moreover, the value of supplychain coordination is greater under the situation that the APP vendor undertakes the maintenance cost independently than the situation that the ERP vendor and the APP vendor undertake jointly.
In a mobile application supply chain(MASC) consisting of an ERP vendor, an APP-vendor and a customer enterprise, the ERP vendor and the APP vendor develop a mobile application system for the customer enterprise jointly. Considering the impact of ERP vendor's pre-sale service on the software quality, we established a revenue model under the constraints of the software delivery time and quality.After obtaining equilibrium results in the centralized and decentralized scenarios respectively, we compared the corresponding cooperation performance in two scenarios. Furthermore, we proposed a supply chain coordination contract based on bidirectional cost sharing and reward of early delivery. The results show that with the increase of the customer enterprise's quality perception, the quality improvement effect produced by extension of delivery time is greater than the negative effect. When the customer enterprise's sensitivity of delivery time is less than the critical value, the ERP vendor can improve its own profit by delivering high quality mobile application system,and when the customer enterprise's sensitivity of delivery time is more than the critical value, the ERP vendor can improve its own profit by early delivering. By implementing the supply chain coordination contract, ERP vendor and the APP vendor can cooperate in the situation where they cannot cooperate under decentralized situation due to being unable to meet the customer enterprise's basic requirements, and furthermore, the ERP vendor and APP vendor can achieve higher profits compared with the profits under decentralized situation. Moreover, the value of supplychain coordination is greater under the situation that the APP vendor undertakes the maintenance cost independently than the situation that the ERP vendor and the APP vendor undertake jointly.
引文
[1] 2017移动信息化研究中心[R].移动办公市场现状分析,2017-03-06.2017 Mobile Informatization Research Center[R]. Analysis of the Current Situation of Mobile Application Market,2017-03-06.
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[19] Bapna R, Gupta A, Ray G, et al. Research note:IT outsourcing and the impact of advisors on clients and vendors[J]. Information Systems Research, 2016, 27(3):636-647.
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[21] Xiao W Q, Xu Y. The impact of royalty contract revision in a multistage strategic research and development[J].Management Science, 2012, 58(12):2251-2271.
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[24] Li G, Huang F, Cheng T C. Make-or-buy service capacity decision in a supply chain providing after-sales service[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2014, 239(2):377-388.
[25]鲁其辉,朱道立.质量与价格竞争供应链的均衡与协调策略研究[J].管理科学学报,2009, 12(3):57-64.Lu Q H, Zhu D L. Research on equilibriums and coordination strategies of supply chains with quality and price competition[J]. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2009, 12(3):57-64.
[26] Dai Y, Zhou S X, Xu Y. Competitive and collaborative quality and warranty management in supply chains[J].Production&Operations Management, 2012, 21(1):129-144.
[27]朱立龙,于涛,夏同水.两级供应链中产品质量控制契约模型分析[J].中国管理科学,2013, 21(1):72-79.Zhu L L, Yu T, Xia T S. Product quality control contract model in a two-echelon supply chain[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2013,21(1):72-79.
[28]朱立龙,于涛,夏同水.两种激励条件下三级供应链产品质量控制策略研究[J].中国管理科学,2012, 20(5):113-121.Zhu L L, Yu T, Xia T S. Product quality control strategy in three-echelon supply chain under the condition of two incentive policies[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2012, 20(5):113-121.
[29]朱立龙,于涛,夏同水.创新渠道下三级供应链分销渠道产品质量控制策略研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2014, 34(8):1987-1997.Zhu L L, Yu T, Xia T S. Product quality control strategy of distribution channel in three-echelon supply chain under the condition of R&D motivation[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory Practice, 2014, 34(8):1987-1997.
[30]鲁其辉,朱道立·含交付时间不确定性的供应链协调策略研究[J].管理科学学报,2008, 11(2):51-60.Lu Q H, Zhu D L. Research on coordination contracts in supply chains with uncertainty of delivery lead-time[J].Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2008, 11(2):51-60.
[31]张宗明,廖琳武,刘树林.需求不确定性下IT服务外包合同设计与分析[J].管理科学学报,2013, 16(2):47-59.Zhang Z M, Liao X W, Liu S L. Design and analysis of contracts for IT service outsourcing with uncertain requirements[J]. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2013, 16(2):47-59.
[32] Debabrata D, Ming F, Conglei Z. Design and analysis of contracts for software outsourcing[J]. Information Systems Research, 2010, 21(1):93-114.
[33] Boehm B W. Software engineering economics[M]. Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice-Hall, 1981.
[34] Che Y, Gale I. Optimal design of research contests[J]. American Economic Review, 2003, 93(3):646-671.
[2] 2014移动信息化研究中心[R].移动信息化,2015-02-05.2014 Mobile Informatization Research Center[R]. Mobile Informatization, 2015-02-05.
[3] Bar A, Mohamed E, Akhtar M K, et al. A preliminary review of implementing enterprise mobile application in ERP environment[J]. International Journal of Engineering&Technology, 2011, 11(4):77-82.
[4] Tai Y T, Huang C H, Chuang S C. The construction of a mobile business application system for ERP[J].Kybemetes, 2016, 45(1):141-157.
[5] 2014 SAP首届ISV合作伙伴大会[R].中国日报网,2014-10-31.2014 SAP's First ISV Partner Conference[R]. China Daily, 2014-10-31.
[6] Bernroider E W N, Mitlohner J. Characteristics of the multiple attribute decision making methodology in enterprise resource planning software decision[J]. Communications of the IIMA, 2005, 1(5):49-58.
[7] Huseyin S K, Selim Z, Dursum D. Development of a hybrid methodology for ERP system selection:The case of Turkish Airlines[J]. Decision Support Systems, 2014, 66:82-92.
[8] Ali S, Khan S U. Software outsourcing partnership model:An evaluation framework for vendor organizations[J].The Journal of Systems and Software, 2016, 117:402-425.
[9] Chen Y Y, Bharadwaj A, Goh K Y. An empirical analysis of intellectual property rights sharing in software development outsourcing[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2017, 1(41):131-161.
[10] Schniederjans D, Yadav S. Successful ERP implementation:An integrative model[J]. Business Process Management Journal, 2013, 2(19):364-398.
[11] Jinno H, Abe H, Iizuka K. Consideration of ERP effectiveness:From the perspective of ERP implementation policy and operational effectiveness[J]. Information, 2017, 8(14):1-11.
[12] Zhang S, Zhang S F, Chen X B, et al. Cloud computing research and development trend[C]//2010 Second International Conference on Future Networks, 2010.
[13] Gelogo Y E, Kim H K. Optimized ERP system deployment on mobile cloud computing with AOM[J]. Advanced Science and Technology Letters, 2014, 51:317-323.
[14]朱宗乾,张诗奎.基于QFD的ERP实施多合作方选择模型研究[J].管理工程学报,2015, 29(2):130-141.Zhu Z Q, Zhang S K. Multi-partner selection mobile in ERP implementation based on QFD[J]. Journal of Industrial Engineering/Engineering Management, 2015, 29(2):130-141.
[15] Chang J Y T, Wang E T G, Jiang J J, et al. Controlling ERP consultants:Client and provider practices[J].Journal of Systems&Software, 2013, 86(5):1453-1461.
[16] Haines M N, Goodhue D L. Implementation partner involvement and knowledge transfer in the context of ERP implementations[J]. Iternational Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 2003, 16(1):23-38.
[17] Johansson B. Feedback in the ERP value-chain:What influence has thoughts about competitive advantage[C]//International Federation for Information Processing, 2013:134-148.
[18] Sarker S, Sarker S, Sahaym A, et al. Exploring value cocreation in relationships between an ERP vendor and its partners:A revelatory case study[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2012, 36(1):317-338.
[19] Bapna R, Gupta A, Ray G, et al. Research note:IT outsourcing and the impact of advisors on clients and vendors[J]. Information Systems Research, 2016, 27(3):636-647.
[20]张子健,刘伟.供应链合作产品开发中的双边道德风险与报酬契约设计[J].科研管理,2008, 29(5):86-90.Zhang Z J, Liu W. Double moral hazard and compensatory contract design for collaborative product development in supply chain[J]. Science Research Management, 2008, 29(5):86-90.
[21] Xiao W Q, Xu Y. The impact of royalty contract revision in a multistage strategic research and development[J].Management Science, 2012, 58(12):2251-2271.
[22]赵守婷,张菊亮.新产品供应链协调[J].中国管理科学,2016, 24(2):135-143.Zhao S T, Zhang J L. Coordination new-product supply chain[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2016,24(2):135-143.
[23] Kim S, Cohen M, Netessine S. Performance contracting in after-sales service supply chains[J]. Management Science, 2007, 53(2):1843-1858.
[24] Li G, Huang F, Cheng T C. Make-or-buy service capacity decision in a supply chain providing after-sales service[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2014, 239(2):377-388.
[25]鲁其辉,朱道立.质量与价格竞争供应链的均衡与协调策略研究[J].管理科学学报,2009, 12(3):57-64.Lu Q H, Zhu D L. Research on equilibriums and coordination strategies of supply chains with quality and price competition[J]. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2009, 12(3):57-64.
[26] Dai Y, Zhou S X, Xu Y. Competitive and collaborative quality and warranty management in supply chains[J].Production&Operations Management, 2012, 21(1):129-144.
[27]朱立龙,于涛,夏同水.两级供应链中产品质量控制契约模型分析[J].中国管理科学,2013, 21(1):72-79.Zhu L L, Yu T, Xia T S. Product quality control contract model in a two-echelon supply chain[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2013,21(1):72-79.
[28]朱立龙,于涛,夏同水.两种激励条件下三级供应链产品质量控制策略研究[J].中国管理科学,2012, 20(5):113-121.Zhu L L, Yu T, Xia T S. Product quality control strategy in three-echelon supply chain under the condition of two incentive policies[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2012, 20(5):113-121.
[29]朱立龙,于涛,夏同水.创新渠道下三级供应链分销渠道产品质量控制策略研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2014, 34(8):1987-1997.Zhu L L, Yu T, Xia T S. Product quality control strategy of distribution channel in three-echelon supply chain under the condition of R&D motivation[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory Practice, 2014, 34(8):1987-1997.
[30]鲁其辉,朱道立·含交付时间不确定性的供应链协调策略研究[J].管理科学学报,2008, 11(2):51-60.Lu Q H, Zhu D L. Research on coordination contracts in supply chains with uncertainty of delivery lead-time[J].Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2008, 11(2):51-60.
[31]张宗明,廖琳武,刘树林.需求不确定性下IT服务外包合同设计与分析[J].管理科学学报,2013, 16(2):47-59.Zhang Z M, Liao X W, Liu S L. Design and analysis of contracts for IT service outsourcing with uncertain requirements[J]. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2013, 16(2):47-59.
[32] Debabrata D, Ming F, Conglei Z. Design and analysis of contracts for software outsourcing[J]. Information Systems Research, 2010, 21(1):93-114.
[33] Boehm B W. Software engineering economics[M]. Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice-Hall, 1981.
[34] Che Y, Gale I. Optimal design of research contests[J]. American Economic Review, 2003, 93(3):646-671.