环境规制对技术进步的影响——基于中国装备制造业的实证检验
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摘要
【目的】研究环境规制与装备制造业技术创新之间的关系。【方法】选取中国2004—2015年装备制造业7个子行业的面板数据,选用个体固定效应模型实证研究环境规制对技术创新的影响。【结果】环境规制不仅会对装备制造业的技术创新产生直接影响,而且会通过外商直接投资、企业规模、劳动投入和利润率等因素对技术创新产生间接影响。【结论】环境规制与装备制造业的技术创新之间呈现先下降后上升的"U"型特征。企业规模、劳动投入和外商直接投资对装备制造业的技术创新有明显促进作用,但环境规制会抑制外商直接投资的技术溢出效应和企业的规模效应。利润率对技术创新有抑制作用。建议政府制定严格的环境规制政策,同时加大对企业科研经费的支持力度,并给外商资本更好的投资环境来减小环境规制所带来的抑制作用。
[Purposes]To study the relationship between environmental regulation and technological innovation in equipment manufacturing industry.[Methods]Select panel data of China's seven sub-sectors of equipment manufacturing industry from 2005 to 2014,and use an individual fixed effect model to empirically study the impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation.[Findings]Environmental regulation will not only have a direct impact on the technological innovation of equipment manufacturing,but also have an indirect impact on technological innovation through such factors as foreign direct investment,firm size,labor input,and profitability.[Conclusions]The U-shaped characteristics of environmental regulation and technological innovation in the equipment manufacturing industry have first declined and then increased.Enterprise scale,labor input,and foreign direct investment have a significant role in promoting technological innovation in the equipment manufacturing industry,but environmental regulation will suppress the technology spillover effect of foreign direct investment and the scale effect of the enterprise.The profit rate has an inhibitory effect on technological innovation.It is suggested that the government formulate strict environmental regulation policies,and at the same time increase support for the company's research funding,and give foreign capital a better investment environment to reduce the inhibitory effects of environmental regulation.
[Purposes]To study the relationship between environmental regulation and technological innovation in equipment manufacturing industry.[Methods]Select panel data of China's seven sub-sectors of equipment manufacturing industry from 2005 to 2014,and use an individual fixed effect model to empirically study the impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation.[Findings]Environmental regulation will not only have a direct impact on the technological innovation of equipment manufacturing,but also have an indirect impact on technological innovation through such factors as foreign direct investment,firm size,labor input,and profitability.[Conclusions]The U-shaped characteristics of environmental regulation and technological innovation in the equipment manufacturing industry have first declined and then increased.Enterprise scale,labor input,and foreign direct investment have a significant role in promoting technological innovation in the equipment manufacturing industry,but environmental regulation will suppress the technology spillover effect of foreign direct investment and the scale effect of the enterprise.The profit rate has an inhibitory effect on technological innovation.It is suggested that the government formulate strict environmental regulation policies,and at the same time increase support for the company's research funding,and give foreign capital a better investment environment to reduce the inhibitory effects of environmental regulation.
引文
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[2]LANJIOUW J O,MODY A,Innovation and the international diffusion of environmentally rensponsive technology[J].Research Policy,1996,25(4):549-571.
[3]JAFFE A,PALMER K.Environmental regulation and innovation:apanel data study[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,1997,79(4):610-619.
[4]刘伟,童健,薛景.行业异质性、环境规制与工业技术创新[J].科研管理,2017(5):2-11.LIU W,TONG J,XUE J.Industrial heterogeneity,environmental regulation and technological innovation in the industrial sector[J].Science Research Management,2017(5):2-11.
[5]蒋伏心,王竹君,白俊红.环境规制对技术创新影响的双重效应—基于江苏制造业动态面板数据的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2013(7):44-55.JIANG F X,WANG Z J,BAI J H.The dual effect of environmental regulations’impact on innovation:an empirical study based on dynamic panel data of Jiangsu manufacturing[J].China Industrial Economics,2013(7):44-55.
[6]ARDUINI R,CESARONI F.Environmental technologies in the European chemical industry[R].Pisa,Italy:Laboratory of Economics and Management(LEM),Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies,2001.
[7]袁丽静,郑晓凡.环境规制、政府补贴对企业技术创新的耦合影响[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):911-923.YUAN L J,ZHENG X F.Coupling induction of environmental regulation and government subsidy[J].Resources Science,2017,39(5):911-923.
[8]任优生,任保全.环境规制促进了战略性新兴产业技术创新了吗?—基于上市公司数据的分位数回归[J].经济问题探索,2016(1):101-109.REN Y S,REN B Q.Does environmental regulation promote technological innovation in strategic emerging industries?:regression of quantiles based on listed company data[J].Inquiry Into Economic Issues,2016(1):101-109.
[9]黄德春,刘志彪.环境规制与企业自主创新—基于波特假设的企业竞争优势构建[J].中国工业经济,2006(3):100-106.HUANG D C,LIU Z B.Study on relationship between environmental regulation and firm independently innovation:the firm competitiveness design based on Porter hypothesis[J].China Industrial Economics,2006(3):100-106.
[10]颉茂华,果婕欣,王瑾.环境规制、技术创新和企业转型—以沪深上市重污染行业企业为例[J].研究与发展管理,2016(1):84-93.JIE M H,GUO J X,WANG J.Environmental regulation,technological innovation and enterprises’transformation:based on Shanghai and Shenzhen listed heavy pollution enterprises[J].R&D Management,2016(1):84-93.
[11]李婉红,毕克新,孙冰.环境规制强度对污染密集行业绿色技术创新的影响研究—基于2003—2010年面板数据的实证检验[J].研究与发展管理,2013(6):72-81.LI W H,BI K X,SUN B.Research on the effect of environmental regulation intensity on green technological innovation of pollution intensive industries:empirical test based on panel data of 2003-2010[J].R&D Management,2013(6):72-81.
[12]李真.技术模仿、转移与创新的贸易利益效应研究—来自中国工业企业的证据[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2011(4):18-33.LI Z.The effect of the international trade benefit of technology imitation,transformation and innovation[J].The Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,2011(4):18-33.
[13]牛泽东,张倩肖.中国装备制造业的技术创新效率[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(11):51-67.NIU Z D,ZHANG Q X.An analysis of technological innovation efficiency of manufacturing equipment industries in China[J].The Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,2012(11):51-67.
[14]林春艳,孔凡超.技术创新、模仿创新及技术引进与产业结构转系升级—基于动态空间Durbin模型的研究[J].宏观经济研究,2016(5):106-118.LIN C Y,KONG F C.Technology innovation,imitation innovation,technology import and transformation of industrial structure:study based on dynamic spatial Durbin model[J].Macroeconomics,2016(5):106-118.
[15]江珂,卢现祥.环境规制与技术创新—基于中国1997—2007年省际面板数据分析[J].科研管理,2011(8):60-66.JIANG K,LU X X.Environmental regulation and technological innovation:based on the panel data of China from the year of 1997to 2007[J].Science Research Management,2011(8):60-66.
[16]沈能.环境效率、行业异质性与最优规制强度—中国工业行业面板数据的非线性检验[J].中国工业经济,2012(5):56-68.SHEN N.Environmental efficiency,industrial heterogeneity and intensity of optimal regulation:nonlinear test based on industrial panel-data[J].China Industrial Economics,2012(5):56-68.
[17]邓路.FDI溢出、出口导向效应与创新效率—基于我国高技术产业面板数据的实证研究(1999—2007)[J].财经科学,2009(7):95-101.DENG L.FDI spillovers,export-led effect and innovation efficiency:an empirical study of high-tech industries in China with panel data(1999-2007)[J].Finance&Economics,2009(7):95-101.
[18]李晓钟,江晓蒂.江浙基于FDI提高区域技术创新能力的比较[J].中国工业经济,2007(12):102-109.LI X Z,JIANG X D.Analysis of effect of FDI on technology innovation of Zhejiang and Jiangsu[J].China Industrial Economics,2007(12):102-109.
[19]陈刚.FDI竞争、环境规制与污染避难所—对中国式分权的反思[J].世界经济研究,2009(6):3-7.CHEN G.FDI competition,environmental regulation and pollution shelters:reflections on Chinese style decentralization[J].Word Economy Studies,2009(6):3-7.
[20]陆菁.国际环境规制与倒逼型产业技术升级[J].国际贸易问题,2007(7):71-76.LU J.International environmental regulations and the forced upgrade of industry technologies[J].Journal of International Trade,2007(7):71-76.