虚拟同步机技术系列标准解读
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摘要
虚拟同步机技术是指通过模拟同步机组的机电暂态特性,使采用变流器的电源或负荷具有同步机组的惯量、阻尼、频率和电压调整等运行外特性的技术,作为解决新能源发电接入电网稳定运行的重要技术手段之一,相关技术标准的制定变得尤为重要。文章对目前国内仅有的虚拟同步机技术相关1项国标、3项企标进行了详细的解读,系列标准对虚拟同步机技术中经常涉及但容易混淆的相关术语和定义进行了规范,规定了虚拟同步机运行时需具备调频、调压、惯量和阻尼控制等方面的功能和技术要求,以及单元式光伏虚拟同步发电机和风电机组虚拟同步发电机的技术要求和试验方法,为虚拟同步机技术体系标准的逐步完善和应用提供了依据。系列标准的颁布为电力系统的稳定运行提供了保障。
Virtual synchronous machine technology,which simulates the electromechanical transient characteristics of synchronous generators,enables the power supply or load that adopt a converter with a number of its external characteristics,including inertia,damping,frequency and voltage regulation. Therefore,the relevant standards of virtual synchronous machine technology need to be formulated. The present paper gives a detailed interpretation of a national standard and three enterprise standards in China related to the synchronous machine technology. These series of standards standardize the definitions that are frequently involved in the virtual synchronous machine technology but easily confused. The functions and technical requirements of frequency modulation,voltage regulation,inertia and damping control of the virtual synchronous machine are stipulated.The technical requirements and testing methods for the unit photovoltaic and wind turbine virtual synchronous generator are also specified. The present paper provides a basis for the gradual improvement and application of the virtual synchronous machine technology system standard,which guarantees the stable operation of the power system.
Virtual synchronous machine technology,which simulates the electromechanical transient characteristics of synchronous generators,enables the power supply or load that adopt a converter with a number of its external characteristics,including inertia,damping,frequency and voltage regulation. Therefore,the relevant standards of virtual synchronous machine technology need to be formulated. The present paper gives a detailed interpretation of a national standard and three enterprise standards in China related to the synchronous machine technology. These series of standards standardize the definitions that are frequently involved in the virtual synchronous machine technology but easily confused. The functions and technical requirements of frequency modulation,voltage regulation,inertia and damping control of the virtual synchronous machine are stipulated.The technical requirements and testing methods for the unit photovoltaic and wind turbine virtual synchronous generator are also specified. The present paper provides a basis for the gradual improvement and application of the virtual synchronous machine technology system standard,which guarantees the stable operation of the power system.
引文
[1]吕志鹏.虚拟同步机技术构建“源-源-源”友好互动新模式[J].供用电,2017,34(2):32-34.LüZhipeng.Virtual synchronous machine technology constructs a new mode of“source-net-holland”friendly interaction[J].Distribution&Utilization,2017,34(2):32-34.
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[8]ZHONG Q,WEISS G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[9]BEVRANI H,ISE T,MIURA Y.Virtual synchronous generators:a survey and new perspectives[J].International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2014,54:244-254.
[10]D’ACRO S,SUUL J A.Equivalence of virtual synchronous machines and frequency-droops for converter-based microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(1):394-395.
[11]SAKIMOTO K,MIURA Y,ISE T.Stabilization of a power system including inverter-type distributed generators by a virtual synchronous generator[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2014,187(3):7-17.
[12]宋新立,刘肇旭,李永庄,等.电力系统稳定计算中火电厂调速系统模型及其应用分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(23):45-49.SONG Xinli,LIU Zhaoxu,LI Yongzhuang,et al.Analysis on speed governing system model for fossil-fuel generating plant and its application in power system stability simulation[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(23):45-49.
[13]张晓磊,郭裕琪.浅谈虚拟同步发电机控制策略的发展趋势[J].科技风,2018(3):185.
[14]郑天文,陈来军,陈天一,等.虚拟同步发电机技术及展望[J].电力系统自化,2015,39(21):165-175.ZHENG Tianwen,CHEN Laijun,CHEN Tianyi,et al.Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):165-175.
[15]周乐明,杨苓,陈燕东,等.降低谐振频率偏差和电网阻抗影响的单逆变器电流反馈谐振抑制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(15):4490-4503.ZHOU Leming,YANG Ling,CHEN Yandong,et al.Single inverter current feedback resonance suppression method to reduce resonance frequency offset and grid impedance effect[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(15):4490-4503.
[16]于永源,杨绮雯.电力系统分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007:220-221.
[17]陶鸿飞,孙丽敬,崔健,等.基于VSG的光储双向变流器关键特性研究[J].电气工程学报,2018,13(7):40-48.TAO Hongfei,SUN lijing,CUI Jian,et al.Research on key characteristics of optical-storage bidirectional converter based on virtual synchronous generator technology[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering,2018,13(7):40-48.
[18]葛俊,宋鹏,刘汉民,等.新能源场站虚拟同步发电机技术研究及示范应用[J].全球能源互联网,2018,1(1):39-47.GE Jun,SONG Peng,LIU Hanmin,Research and demonstration application of virtual synchronous generator technology in renewable energy power station[J].Journal of Global Energy Interconnection,2018,1(1):39-47.
[2]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,SHENG Wanxing,ZHONG Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in microgrid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603.
[3]刘振亚.全球能源互联网[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015,1-17.
[4]ENSLIN J H R,HESKES P J M.Harmonic interaction between a large number of distributed power inverters and the distribution network[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(6):1586-1593.
[5]HE J,LI Y W,BOSNJAK D,et al.Investigation and active damping of multiple resonances in a parallel-inverterbased microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(1):234-246.
[6]吕志鹏,盛万兴,刘海涛.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2),349-360.LüZhipeng,SHENG Wanxing,LIU Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2),349-360.
[7]ZHONG Q C,HORNIK T.Control of power inverters in renewable energy and smart grid integration[M].New York:Wiley-IEEE Press,2012;18-22.
[8]ZHONG Q,WEISS G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[9]BEVRANI H,ISE T,MIURA Y.Virtual synchronous generators:a survey and new perspectives[J].International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2014,54:244-254.
[10]D’ACRO S,SUUL J A.Equivalence of virtual synchronous machines and frequency-droops for converter-based microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(1):394-395.
[11]SAKIMOTO K,MIURA Y,ISE T.Stabilization of a power system including inverter-type distributed generators by a virtual synchronous generator[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2014,187(3):7-17.
[12]宋新立,刘肇旭,李永庄,等.电力系统稳定计算中火电厂调速系统模型及其应用分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(23):45-49.SONG Xinli,LIU Zhaoxu,LI Yongzhuang,et al.Analysis on speed governing system model for fossil-fuel generating plant and its application in power system stability simulation[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(23):45-49.
[13]张晓磊,郭裕琪.浅谈虚拟同步发电机控制策略的发展趋势[J].科技风,2018(3):185.
[14]郑天文,陈来军,陈天一,等.虚拟同步发电机技术及展望[J].电力系统自化,2015,39(21):165-175.ZHENG Tianwen,CHEN Laijun,CHEN Tianyi,et al.Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):165-175.
[15]周乐明,杨苓,陈燕东,等.降低谐振频率偏差和电网阻抗影响的单逆变器电流反馈谐振抑制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(15):4490-4503.ZHOU Leming,YANG Ling,CHEN Yandong,et al.Single inverter current feedback resonance suppression method to reduce resonance frequency offset and grid impedance effect[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(15):4490-4503.
[16]于永源,杨绮雯.电力系统分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007:220-221.
[17]陶鸿飞,孙丽敬,崔健,等.基于VSG的光储双向变流器关键特性研究[J].电气工程学报,2018,13(7):40-48.TAO Hongfei,SUN lijing,CUI Jian,et al.Research on key characteristics of optical-storage bidirectional converter based on virtual synchronous generator technology[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering,2018,13(7):40-48.
[18]葛俊,宋鹏,刘汉民,等.新能源场站虚拟同步发电机技术研究及示范应用[J].全球能源互联网,2018,1(1):39-47.GE Jun,SONG Peng,LIU Hanmin,Research and demonstration application of virtual synchronous generator technology in renewable energy power station[J].Journal of Global Energy Interconnection,2018,1(1):39-47.