台阶式溢洪道渐缩泄槽水深计算方法
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摘要
通过在溢流面上布置阶梯式台阶加大了溢流面的"表面糙率",使得消能作用显著,掺气效果良好,因此其工程应用越来越广泛。但由于泄槽形状特殊,台阶、泄槽尺寸组合情况多样,渐缩式泄槽内水流变化更加复杂,给水力研究带来了一定的难度。在实际工程需求的背景下,参照原有昌桑法计算公式和现有模型试验的测量成果,提出了改进系数法。经复核验证:改进系数法得到的台阶式溢洪道渐缩式泄槽各断面计算水深结果与模型试验量测的相应断面的水深结果十分吻合,相对误差不超过5%,表明此方法精度高,可用于计算台阶式溢洪道渐缩式泄槽水深。改进系数法为完善台阶式溢洪道渐缩式泄槽水力特性研究提供了科学依据,对工程应用具有指导意义。
Steps on the overflow surface of stepped spillway is widely used in engineering practice as the steps enlarges the roughness of overflow surface, which brings about prominent energy dissipation effect and good aeration effect. However, due to the special shape of shrinking chute and various combinations of steps and sink sizes, the variation of water flow in the shrinking chute is more complicated, resulting in some difficulty in the hydraulic study of such structure. Under the background of actual engineering demand, an improved coefficient method is put forward in this paper according to Chanson's formula and the measurement results of existing model test. The calculated water depth of each section in tapered chute of stepped spillway obtained by the proposed method is in good agreement with that of corresponding section measured by model test. The relative error between the calculated water depth and the measured water depth is less than 5%. The method is proved to be of high accuracy and can be used to calculate the water depth in shrinking chute of stepped spillways. The research finding offers a scientific basis for improving the hydraulic characteristics of tapered chute of stepped spillways, and is of guiding significance for engineering applications.
Steps on the overflow surface of stepped spillway is widely used in engineering practice as the steps enlarges the roughness of overflow surface, which brings about prominent energy dissipation effect and good aeration effect. However, due to the special shape of shrinking chute and various combinations of steps and sink sizes, the variation of water flow in the shrinking chute is more complicated, resulting in some difficulty in the hydraulic study of such structure. Under the background of actual engineering demand, an improved coefficient method is put forward in this paper according to Chanson's formula and the measurement results of existing model test. The calculated water depth of each section in tapered chute of stepped spillway obtained by the proposed method is in good agreement with that of corresponding section measured by model test. The relative error between the calculated water depth and the measured water depth is less than 5%. The method is proved to be of high accuracy and can be used to calculate the water depth in shrinking chute of stepped spillways. The research finding offers a scientific basis for improving the hydraulic characteristics of tapered chute of stepped spillways, and is of guiding significance for engineering applications.
引文
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[3] 杨吉健. 台阶式溢洪道相对水力参数规律研究[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2015.
[4] 秦广莉. 台阶式溢洪道消能率影响因素分析[J]. 水利规划与设计, 2016,(2):49-51.
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[6] 万康飞. 台阶式消能防冲设施设计研究[J]. 黑龙江水利科技, 2016, 44(6):83-84.
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[14] 田嘉宁, 安田阳一, 李建中,等. 台阶式溢洪道中跌落水流的消能[J]. 水动力学研究与进展, 2004, 19(1):114-119.
[15] 张峰,刘韩生,张为法.台阶式溢洪道滑行水流消能特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(6):37-40.
[16] 赵庆. 台阶式溢流坝消力池水力特性试验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学, 2008.
[17] 张志昌, 曾东洋, 刘亚菲. 台阶式溢洪道滑行水流水面线和消能效果的试验研究[J]. 应用力学学报, 2005,(1):30-35,157.
[18] 付奎, 刘韩生, 杨顺玉. 台阶式溢洪道滑掠水流水面线计算公式初探[J]. 人民黄河, 2009, 31(6):117-118.
[19] 徐啸, 张志昌. 台阶式溢洪道水力特性计算方法分析[J]. 西安理工大学学报, 2011, 27(2):239-243.
[20] SL 253—2000,溢洪道设计规范[S]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2000.
[21] BINDO M, GAUTIER J, LACROIX F. The Stepped Spillway of M’Bali Dam[J]. Water Power & Dam Construction, 1996, 48(5): 16-20.
[2] 陈朝. 阶梯溢洪道水力特性试验研究[D]. 昆明:昆明理工大学, 2011.
[3] 杨吉健. 台阶式溢洪道相对水力参数规律研究[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2015.
[4] 秦广莉. 台阶式溢洪道消能率影响因素分析[J]. 水利规划与设计, 2016,(2):49-51.
[5] 赵相航, 解宏伟, 郭馨,等. 台阶式溢洪道消能规律试验研究[J]. 青海大学学报, 2016, 34(5):36-39.
[6] 万康飞. 台阶式消能防冲设施设计研究[J]. 黑龙江水利科技, 2016, 44(6):83-84.
[7] 杨吉健, 刘韩生, 张为法. 台阶式溢洪道滑掠流时均压强影响因素分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2015, 32(8):57-60.
[8] CHANSON H. Hydraulic Design of Stepped Spillways and Downstream Energy Dissipators[J]. Dam Engineering, 2001, 11(4):205-242.
[9] 郑阿漫, 张志昌, 杨永全,等. 掺气分流墩台阶式溢洪道的水流流态和流速特性[J]. 西安理工大学学报, 2002, (1):71-75.
[10] 曾东洋. 台阶式溢洪道水力特性的试验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学, 2002.
[11] 艾克明. 台阶式泄槽溢洪道的水力特性和设计应用[J]. 水力发电学报, 1998,(4):87-96.
[12] 尹芳芳. 带有掺气挑坎的台阶式溢洪道的三维数值模拟[D]. 西安:西安理工大学, 2010.
[13] 文明宜,刘韩生,范灵芝,等.台阶式溢洪道水流能量特性的研究[J].长江科学院院报, 2016, 33(7):60-62,67.
[14] 田嘉宁, 安田阳一, 李建中,等. 台阶式溢洪道中跌落水流的消能[J]. 水动力学研究与进展, 2004, 19(1):114-119.
[15] 张峰,刘韩生,张为法.台阶式溢洪道滑行水流消能特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(6):37-40.
[16] 赵庆. 台阶式溢流坝消力池水力特性试验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学, 2008.
[17] 张志昌, 曾东洋, 刘亚菲. 台阶式溢洪道滑行水流水面线和消能效果的试验研究[J]. 应用力学学报, 2005,(1):30-35,157.
[18] 付奎, 刘韩生, 杨顺玉. 台阶式溢洪道滑掠水流水面线计算公式初探[J]. 人民黄河, 2009, 31(6):117-118.
[19] 徐啸, 张志昌. 台阶式溢洪道水力特性计算方法分析[J]. 西安理工大学学报, 2011, 27(2):239-243.
[20] SL 253—2000,溢洪道设计规范[S]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2000.
[21] BINDO M, GAUTIER J, LACROIX F. The Stepped Spillway of M’Bali Dam[J]. Water Power & Dam Construction, 1996, 48(5): 16-20.