基于大偏置量熔接的反射式光纤型干涉仪的折射率传感特性
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摘要
提出并实现了一种基于大偏置量熔接的单端反射式光纤Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)干涉仪。在一段数百微米长的单模光纤两端以大偏置量对称地错位熔接两段光纤,将其中一段光纤的端面镀制薄金膜作为反射镜面,使在外界环境和光纤包层材料内传输的光产生相位差,并在器件反射端能够观测到较强的干涉光谱。实验发现,该干涉光谱随外界折射率(RI)变化可发生较高灵敏度的漂移,当偏置量为62.5μm和空腔长度为554μm时,测得其水环境的折射率灵敏度和空气中的温度灵敏度分别为-13257nm/RIU(RIU为单位折射率)和37.33pm/℃。与已报道的同类型器件相比,所提传感器具有折射率灵敏度高、结构紧凑、可单端测量以及稳定性好等优点,在生物化学传感和环境污染监控等领域中具有良好的应用前景。
We have demonstrated a kind of single-end reflective optical fiber Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)interferometer based on large lateral-offset splicing joints.Several hundred microns of standard single-mode fiber(SMF)was spliced between two other SMFs with the same lateral offset.One fiber has its end-face coated by gold film,acting as a reflector.The beams propagating in the environmental medium and the fiber cladding material interfere and produce a phase difference.The reflected interference spectra were measured at the same side of the broadband source by an optical spectrum analyzer.The pattern of interference spectrum shifts with the change of the external refractive index(RI).The sensor with a cavity length of 554μm and a lateral offset of 62.5μm is demonstrated.The achieved RI sensitivity in water and the temperature coefficient in air are-13257 nm/RIU and 37.33 pm/℃,respectively.Compared with the reported counterparts,the sensor has the advantages of high refractive index sensitivity,compact structure,single-ended measurement and good stability,and has good application prospects in the fields of biochemical sensing and environmental pollution monitoring.
We have demonstrated a kind of single-end reflective optical fiber Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)interferometer based on large lateral-offset splicing joints.Several hundred microns of standard single-mode fiber(SMF)was spliced between two other SMFs with the same lateral offset.One fiber has its end-face coated by gold film,acting as a reflector.The beams propagating in the environmental medium and the fiber cladding material interfere and produce a phase difference.The reflected interference spectra were measured at the same side of the broadband source by an optical spectrum analyzer.The pattern of interference spectrum shifts with the change of the external refractive index(RI).The sensor with a cavity length of 554μm and a lateral offset of 62.5μm is demonstrated.The achieved RI sensitivity in water and the temperature coefficient in air are-13257 nm/RIU and 37.33 pm/℃,respectively.Compared with the reported counterparts,the sensor has the advantages of high refractive index sensitivity,compact structure,single-ended measurement and good stability,and has good application prospects in the fields of biochemical sensing and environmental pollution monitoring.
引文
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[19]Dong B,Hao E J.Temperature-insensitive and intensity-modulated embedded photonic-crystal-fiber modal-interferometer-based microdisplacement sensor[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2011,28(10):2332-2336.
[20]Bai Z S,Liu Z Q,Xu H.An experienced formula about the connection of refraction index and consistence of several liquid[J].Journal of Yanan University(Natural Science Edition),2004,23(1):33-34.白泽生,刘竹琴,徐红.几种液体的折射率与其浓度关系的经验公式[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),2004,23(1):33-34.
[21]Yao Q Q,Meng H Y,Wang W,et al.Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a core-offset Mach-Zehnder interferometer combined with a fiber Bragg grating[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2014,209(1):73-77.
[22]Fan J L,Zhang J S,Lu P,et al.A single-mode fiber sensor based on core-offset inter-modal interferometer[J].Optics Communications,2014,320:33-37.
[2]Li J,Wang H,Sun L P,et al.Etching Bragg gratings in Panda fibers for the temperatureindependent refractive index sensing[J].Optics Express,2014,22(26):31917-31923.
[3]Chong J H,Shum P,Haryono H,et al.Measurements of refractive index sensitivity using long-period grating refractometer[J].Optics Communications,2004,229(1):65-69.
[4]Fan P C,Sun L P,Yu Z P,et al.Higher-order diffraction of long-period microfiber gratings realized by arc discharge method[J].Optics Express,2016,24(22):25380-25388.
[5]Cai Z Y,Liu F,Guo T,et al.Evanescently coupled optical fiber refractometer based a tilted fiber Bragg grating and a D-shaped fiber[J].Optics Express,2015,23(16):20971-20976.
[6]Huang M,Gu C S,Sun B,et al.Refractive index sensor based on tilted-fiber Bragg grating coated with graphene[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(12):1210001.黄梦,顾昌晟,孙兵,等.基于石墨烯涂覆倾斜光纤光栅的折射率传感[J].中国激光,2017,44(12):1210001.
[7]Ji W B,Liu H H,Tjin S C,et al.Ultrahigh sensitivity refractive index sensor based on optical microfiber[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2012,24(20):1872-1874.
[8]Wo J H,Wang G H,Cui Y,et al.Refractive index sensor using microfiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(1):67-69.
[9]Tian Z B,Yam S H,Loock H P.Single-mode fiber refractive index sensor based on core-offset attenuators[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2008,20(16):1387-1389.
[10]Wang Q,Zou H,Wei W.Strain and refractive index sensor based on core offset splicing fibers[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(10):1006005.王旗,邹辉,韦玮.基于偏芯熔接光纤的应力与折射率传感器[J].光学学报,2017,37(10):1006005.
[11]Shao M,Qiao X G,Fu H W,et al.Refractive index sensing of SMS fiber structure based Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2014,26(5):437-439.
[12]Cao Y,Liu W,Zhao S,et al.A fiber sensor based on the core-offset structure of PCF to SMF[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2015,26(7):1233-1237.曹晔,刘文,赵舜,等.基于光子晶体光纤和单模光纤错芯结构的光纤传感器[J].光电子·激光,2015,26(7):1233-1237.
[13]Zhao Y,Li X G,Cai L.A highly sensitive MachZehnder interferometric refractive index sensor based on core-offset single mode fiber[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2015,223:119-124.
[14]Gao S C,Zhang W G,Zhang H,et al.Reconfigurable and ultra-sensitive in-line MachZehnder interferometer based on the fusion of microfiber and microfluid[J].Applied Physics Letters,2015,106(8):084103.
[15]Wang Y,Yang M W,Wang D N,et al.Fiber in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining for refractive index measurement with high sensitivity[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2010,27(3):370-374.
[16]Duan D W,Rao Y J,Xu L C,et al.In-fiber MachZehnder interferometer formed by large lateral offset fusion splicing for gases refractive index measurement with high sensitivity[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2011,160(1):1198-1202.
[17]Baharin N F,Azmi A I,Abdullah A S,et al.Refractive index sensor based on lateral-offset of coreless silica interferometer[J].Optics and Laser Technology,2018,99:396-401.
[18]Yang S,Rong Q Z,Sun H,et al.High temperature probe sensor with high sensitivity based on Michelson interferometer[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(8):084218.杨珅,荣强周,孙浩,等.基于Michelson干涉仪的高灵敏度光纤高温探针传感器[J].物理学报,2013,62(8):084218.
[19]Dong B,Hao E J.Temperature-insensitive and intensity-modulated embedded photonic-crystal-fiber modal-interferometer-based microdisplacement sensor[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2011,28(10):2332-2336.
[20]Bai Z S,Liu Z Q,Xu H.An experienced formula about the connection of refraction index and consistence of several liquid[J].Journal of Yanan University(Natural Science Edition),2004,23(1):33-34.白泽生,刘竹琴,徐红.几种液体的折射率与其浓度关系的经验公式[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),2004,23(1):33-34.
[21]Yao Q Q,Meng H Y,Wang W,et al.Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a core-offset Mach-Zehnder interferometer combined with a fiber Bragg grating[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2014,209(1):73-77.
[22]Fan J L,Zhang J S,Lu P,et al.A single-mode fiber sensor based on core-offset inter-modal interferometer[J].Optics Communications,2014,320:33-37.