城市辐射场模拟性能对比分析
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摘要
为对比不同室外环境模拟软件在城市辐射场方面的性能差异,该文选取3款城市气候模拟工具ENVI-met、RayMan和SOLWEIG为研究对象,对比各软件能够获得的城市辐射模拟量,并分析其主要辐射量的计算方法;分别模拟了下垫面和建筑体围合方式对于辐射场的影响,从长短波2种不同辐射类型、从直射辐射和反射辐射等辐射参数方面对比不同软件的辐射场模拟差异。结果表明:RayMan计算灵敏度高,模拟速度快,但输出辐射参数较少;ENVImet可计算最多的辐射参数,也可计算建筑表面之间的长短波辐射换热量;SOLWEIG可用于室外大空间模拟,且计算的辐射参数较多,但误差较大。3个软件均可分析空间围合对直射辐射和散射辐射的影响。
The accuracies of several outdoor environment simulation software packages were evaluated for urban radiation field using the city microclimate simulation tool ENVI-met,a human body thermal radiation evaluation software(radiation on the human body,RayMan) and a climate design tool(solar and longwave environmental irradiance geometry, SOLWEIG). First, the radiation distribution predictions in an urban environment were compared.Then,the effects of the surface and building enclosure characteristics were evaluated for the radiation field for long and short wave radiation and direct and reflected radiation.RayMan was found to very sensitive and fast,but output fewer radiation parameters.ENVI-met calculated the most radiation parameters and included the heat transfer from the long and short wave radiation between building surfaces.SOLWEIG can be used for large outdoor space simulations and calculated many radiation parameters,but had significant errors.Thus,these software packages can be used to analyze various influences of enclosures on direct and scattered radiation.
The accuracies of several outdoor environment simulation software packages were evaluated for urban radiation field using the city microclimate simulation tool ENVI-met,a human body thermal radiation evaluation software(radiation on the human body,RayMan) and a climate design tool(solar and longwave environmental irradiance geometry, SOLWEIG). First, the radiation distribution predictions in an urban environment were compared.Then,the effects of the surface and building enclosure characteristics were evaluated for the radiation field for long and short wave radiation and direct and reflected radiation.RayMan was found to very sensitive and fast,but output fewer radiation parameters.ENVI-met calculated the most radiation parameters and included the heat transfer from the long and short wave radiation between building surfaces.SOLWEIG can be used for large outdoor space simulations and calculated many radiation parameters,but had significant errors.Thus,these software packages can be used to analyze various influences of enclosures on direct and scattered radiation.
引文
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[2]SUGAWARA H,TAKAMURA T.Surface albedo in cities:Case study in Sapporo and Tokyo,Japan[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2014,153(3):539-553.
[3]王成刚,孙鉴泞,蒋维楣.南京地区不同季节水泥下垫面辐射特征的对比分析[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(7):856-861.WANG C G,SUN J N,JIANG W M.Comparison of urban radiation properties of a cement surface in different seasons in Nanjing[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2008,29(7):856-861.(in Chinese)
[4]孙仕强.南京夏季城、郊辐射及能量平衡特征观测与模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2013.SUN S Q.Observation and simulation study on distribution characteristics of radiation and energy balance over Nanjing in summer[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[5]MILLER C,THOMAS D,KMPF J,et al.Long wave radiation exchange for urban scale modelling within a co-simulation environment[C]//Proceedings of International Conference CISBAT 2015 Future Buildings and Districts Sustainability from Nano to Urban Scale.Lausanne,Switzerland:LESO-PB,EPFL,2015:871-876.
[6]VALLATI A,MAURI L,COLUCCI C,et al.Effects of radiative exchange in an urban canyon on building surfacesloads and temperatures[J].Energy and Buildings,2017,149:260-271.
[7]SONG B G,PARK K H,JUNG S G.Validation of ENVI-met model with in situ measurements considering spatial characteristics of land use types[J].Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies,2014,17(2):156-172.
[8]MATZARAKIS A,RUTZ F,MAYER H.Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments-application of the RayMan model[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2007,51(4):323-334.
[9]LINDBERG F,THORSSON S.SOLWEIG-the new model for calculating the mean radiant temperature[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Urban Climate.Yokohama,Japan:IAUC,2009.
[10]HUTTNER S.Further development and application of the3Dmicroclimate simulation ENVI-met[D].Mainz:Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat in Mainz,2012.
[11]MATZARAKIS A,RUTZ F.Application of the RayMan model in urban environments[C]//Proceedings of the 9th Symposium on the Urban Environment.Freiburg:Meteorological Institute,University of Freiburg,2010.
[12]MATZARAKIS A,RUTZ F,MAYER H.Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments:Basics of the RayMan model[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2010,54(2):131-139.
[13]HAMMERBERG K,MAHDAVI A.GIS-based simulation of solar radiation in urban environments[C]//Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Product and Process Modelling.Vienna,Austria:CRC Press-Taylor&Francis Group,2014:243-249.
[14]LINDBERG F,GRIMMOND C S B.The influence of vegetation and building morphology on shadow patterns and mean radiant temperatures in urban areas:Model development and evaluation[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2011,105(3-4):311-323.
[15]REINDL D T,BECKMAN W A,DUFFIE J A.Diffuse fraction correlations[J].Solar Energy,1990,45(1):1-7.