基于数字图像相关方法微裂纹萌生试验研究
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摘要
为了进一步研究疲劳裂纹在萌生阶段的特点,本文结合数字图像相关方法 (Digital Image Correlation Method,DIC)设计并组建了配合液压疲劳试验机加载的原位观测系统。同时针对DIC测量方法中的关键技术进行研究,分别提出了一种可应用于视场宽度2mm下DIC计算的微小散斑制备方法,以及空间调节方法以提高试验可靠性。最后应用该系统开展针对航空发动机火焰筒材料GH536的微裂纹自然萌生试验。通过采取两种不同的DIC分析策略,分别获得疲劳过程中的总应变幅以及最大累积塑性应变的演化规律。结果表明总应变幅演化可确定自然萌生裂纹位置,最小可识别50μm裂纹;最大累积塑性应变分析可得萌生寿命占比约85%,并在裂纹出现后塑性应变急剧增加。
To further study the behavior of crack in initiation stage,an in-situ observation system based on digital image correlation(DIC)method and the hydraulic fatigue test machine loading system was proposed. Meanwhile,the key techniques in DIC measurement were studied and a micro speckle preparation technique suitable for 2 mm-width-vision field DIC calculation and spatial adjustment technique were proposed respectively to improve the experiment reliability. Finally,this system was applied for the micro crack natural initiation test for the GH536 which was applied in flame tube of combustion chamber of aero-engine. By adapting two different analysis strategies,the evolution of total strain amplitude and the maximum accumulated plasticity strain can be obtained respectively. The results indicate that the total strain amplitude can locate the natural crack initiation and identify minimum 50 micro meter crack while the maximum accumulated plasticity strain analysis suggests that initiation lifeaccountsfor 85% and theaccumulatedplasticitystrainincreasessignificantlyoncethecrackappears.
To further study the behavior of crack in initiation stage,an in-situ observation system based on digital image correlation(DIC)method and the hydraulic fatigue test machine loading system was proposed. Meanwhile,the key techniques in DIC measurement were studied and a micro speckle preparation technique suitable for 2 mm-width-vision field DIC calculation and spatial adjustment technique were proposed respectively to improve the experiment reliability. Finally,this system was applied for the micro crack natural initiation test for the GH536 which was applied in flame tube of combustion chamber of aero-engine. By adapting two different analysis strategies,the evolution of total strain amplitude and the maximum accumulated plasticity strain can be obtained respectively. The results indicate that the total strain amplitude can locate the natural crack initiation and identify minimum 50 micro meter crack while the maximum accumulated plasticity strain analysis suggests that initiation lifeaccountsfor 85% and theaccumulatedplasticitystrainincreasessignificantlyoncethecrackappears.
引文
[1]陈传尧.疲劳与断裂[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.
[2]Suresh S.材料的疲劳:第2版[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1993.
[3]Schijve J.Fatigue of Structures and Materials[M].Netherlands:Springer,2009.
[4]魏振伟,刘昌奎,顾玉丽,等.GH536高温合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展原位试验研究[J].失效分析与预防,2016,11(6):335-339.
[5]Ma X,Shi H J.On the Fatigue Small Crack Behaviors of Directionally Solidified Superalloy DZ4 by in Situ SEMObservations[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2010,118-120(1):91-98.
[6]Huang X,Yu H,Xu M,et al.Experimental Investigation on Microcrack Initiation Process in Nickel-Based Superalloy DAGH4169[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2012,42(4):153-164.
[7]邓国坚.微尺度下疲劳小裂纹扩展特性的试验研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2015.
[8]Goto M,Knowles D M.Initiation and Propagation Behaviour of Microcracks in Ni-Base Superalloy Udimet 720 Li[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1998,60(1):1-18.
[9]吴楠.微观组织和初始缺陷对镍基合金GH4169疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展行为的影响[D].上海:华东理工大学,2016.
[10]侯方,雷冬,龚兴龙.结合数码显微镜的数字散斑相关方法精度分析及应用[J].实验力学,2009,24(4):269-275.
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[13]Kujawińska M.Modern Optical Measurement Station for Micro-Materials and Micro-Elements Studies[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2002,99(1):144-153.
[14]Chu T C,Ranson W F,Sutton M A.Applications of Digital-Image-Correlation Techniques to Experimental Mechanics[J].Experimental Mechanics,1985,25(3):232-244.
[15]Pan B,Qian K,Xie H,et al.Topical Review:Two-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation for In-Plane Displacement and Strain Measurement:A Review[J].Measurement Science&Technology,2009,20(6):152-154.
[16]牟园伟,陆山.基于材料微观特性的涡轮盘疲劳裂纹萌生寿命数值仿真[J].航空学报,2013,34(2):282-290.
[17]Mokhtarishirazabad M,Lopez-Crespo P,Moreno B,et al.Evaluation of Crack-Tip Fields from DIC Data:AParametric Study[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2016,89:11-19.
[18]潘兵,俞立平,吴大方.使用双远心镜头的高精度二维数字图像相关测量系统[J].光学学报,2013,33(4):97-107.
[19]Berfield T A,Patel J K,Shimmin R G,et al.Microand Nanoscale Deformation Measurement of Surface and Internal Planes via Digital Image Correlation[J].Experimental Mechanics,2007,47(1):51-62.
[20]朱奇,郝文峰,陈雷,等.微尺度散斑制备方法研究及应用进展评价[J].实验力学,2018,33(1):77-84.
[21]Wang H,Xie H M,Li Y,et al.Fabrication of Microscale Speckle Pattern and its Applications for Deformation Measurement[J].Measurement Science&Technology,2012,23(3).
[22]何广龙.微尺度数字图像相关方法和技术研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2016.
[23]潘兵,吴大方,夏勇.数字图像相关方法中散斑图的质量评价研究[J].实验力学,2010,25(2):120-129.
[24]Pan B,Lu Z,Xie H.Mean Intensity Gradient:An Effective Global Parameter for Quality Assessment of the Speckle Patterns Used in Digital Image Correlation[J].Optics&Lasers in Engineering,2010,48(4):469-477.
[25]Rabbolini S,Pataky G J,Sehitoglu H,et al.Fatigue Crack Growth in Haynes 230 Single Crystals:An Analysis with Digital Image Correlation[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials&Structures,2015,38(5):583-596.
[26]Carrol J D.Relating Fatigue Crack Growth to Microstructure via Multiscale Digital Image Correlation[D].USA:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,2011.
[2]Suresh S.材料的疲劳:第2版[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1993.
[3]Schijve J.Fatigue of Structures and Materials[M].Netherlands:Springer,2009.
[4]魏振伟,刘昌奎,顾玉丽,等.GH536高温合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展原位试验研究[J].失效分析与预防,2016,11(6):335-339.
[5]Ma X,Shi H J.On the Fatigue Small Crack Behaviors of Directionally Solidified Superalloy DZ4 by in Situ SEMObservations[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2010,118-120(1):91-98.
[6]Huang X,Yu H,Xu M,et al.Experimental Investigation on Microcrack Initiation Process in Nickel-Based Superalloy DAGH4169[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2012,42(4):153-164.
[7]邓国坚.微尺度下疲劳小裂纹扩展特性的试验研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2015.
[8]Goto M,Knowles D M.Initiation and Propagation Behaviour of Microcracks in Ni-Base Superalloy Udimet 720 Li[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1998,60(1):1-18.
[9]吴楠.微观组织和初始缺陷对镍基合金GH4169疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展行为的影响[D].上海:华东理工大学,2016.
[10]侯方,雷冬,龚兴龙.结合数码显微镜的数字散斑相关方法精度分析及应用[J].实验力学,2009,24(4):269-275.
[11]侯方.镍基高温合金微观疲劳性能的实验研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2009.
[12]雷冬,龚明,侯方,等.镍基高温合金材料疲劳微裂纹萌生和扩展的实验研究[C].河南:中国力学学会2009学术大会,2009.
[13]Kujawińska M.Modern Optical Measurement Station for Micro-Materials and Micro-Elements Studies[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2002,99(1):144-153.
[14]Chu T C,Ranson W F,Sutton M A.Applications of Digital-Image-Correlation Techniques to Experimental Mechanics[J].Experimental Mechanics,1985,25(3):232-244.
[15]Pan B,Qian K,Xie H,et al.Topical Review:Two-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation for In-Plane Displacement and Strain Measurement:A Review[J].Measurement Science&Technology,2009,20(6):152-154.
[16]牟园伟,陆山.基于材料微观特性的涡轮盘疲劳裂纹萌生寿命数值仿真[J].航空学报,2013,34(2):282-290.
[17]Mokhtarishirazabad M,Lopez-Crespo P,Moreno B,et al.Evaluation of Crack-Tip Fields from DIC Data:AParametric Study[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2016,89:11-19.
[18]潘兵,俞立平,吴大方.使用双远心镜头的高精度二维数字图像相关测量系统[J].光学学报,2013,33(4):97-107.
[19]Berfield T A,Patel J K,Shimmin R G,et al.Microand Nanoscale Deformation Measurement of Surface and Internal Planes via Digital Image Correlation[J].Experimental Mechanics,2007,47(1):51-62.
[20]朱奇,郝文峰,陈雷,等.微尺度散斑制备方法研究及应用进展评价[J].实验力学,2018,33(1):77-84.
[21]Wang H,Xie H M,Li Y,et al.Fabrication of Microscale Speckle Pattern and its Applications for Deformation Measurement[J].Measurement Science&Technology,2012,23(3).
[22]何广龙.微尺度数字图像相关方法和技术研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2016.
[23]潘兵,吴大方,夏勇.数字图像相关方法中散斑图的质量评价研究[J].实验力学,2010,25(2):120-129.
[24]Pan B,Lu Z,Xie H.Mean Intensity Gradient:An Effective Global Parameter for Quality Assessment of the Speckle Patterns Used in Digital Image Correlation[J].Optics&Lasers in Engineering,2010,48(4):469-477.
[25]Rabbolini S,Pataky G J,Sehitoglu H,et al.Fatigue Crack Growth in Haynes 230 Single Crystals:An Analysis with Digital Image Correlation[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials&Structures,2015,38(5):583-596.
[26]Carrol J D.Relating Fatigue Crack Growth to Microstructure via Multiscale Digital Image Correlation[D].USA:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,2011.