慢性海洛因依赖时程长短对依赖者反应抑制功能的影响
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摘要
目的探讨慢性海洛因依赖时程长短对反应抑制功能的影响。方法利用信号停止实验评估短时程(ST组,1~5年,共19例)、长时程(LT组,6~25年,共21例)海洛因依赖组以及对照组(共40例)的反应抑制能力。结果GO试次(反应试次)中,ST和LT组的反应时分别为(1 134±104)ms和(1224±27)ms,慢于对照组的(1 005±180)ms(P<0.05),且LT组反应时长于ST组(P<0.05)。NOGO试次(不反应试次)中,当停止信号延迟时间(SOA)为400、600和800 ms时,LT组正确率分别为92.5%±16.9%、83.5%±18.3%和64.3%±23.6%,分别低于对照组的92.5%±16.9%、83.5%±18.3%和64.3%±24.6%(P<0.05)。结论慢性海洛因依赖者的反应抑制能力受到明显损害,并且海洛因依赖年限越长,反应抑制能力受损伤程度越大。
Objective To estimate the influence of long and short-term addiction on the response inhibition function of heroin addicts. Methods 40 heroin addicts,divided into short-term group(ST group,1-5 years,19 participants)and long-term group( LT group,6-25 years,21 participants),participated in our study while 40 healthy controls were matched. Stop signal task(included GO trials and NOGO trials) was used to investigate the response inhibition for these three groups. Results In GO trails,the reaction speed of ST group [( 1 134 ± 104) ms] and LT group[(1 224±27)ms]was slower than that of controls [(1 005±180)ms](P<0. 05),and LT group was even slower than ST group( P<0. 05). In NOGO trails,significant differences were detected between controls( 92. 5% ± 16. 9%,83. 5%±18. 3%,64. 3% ±23. 6%) and long-term heroin addicts( 92. 7% ± 16. 7%,84. 0% ± 18. 3%,64. 4% ± 23. 4%)when stimulus onset asynchrony(SOAs) were 400,600 and 800 ms(P<0. 05). Conclusions Heroin addiction may damage the response inhibition ability of addicts,and the longer they abuse,more seriously the deficits is.
Objective To estimate the influence of long and short-term addiction on the response inhibition function of heroin addicts. Methods 40 heroin addicts,divided into short-term group(ST group,1-5 years,19 participants)and long-term group( LT group,6-25 years,21 participants),participated in our study while 40 healthy controls were matched. Stop signal task(included GO trials and NOGO trials) was used to investigate the response inhibition for these three groups. Results In GO trails,the reaction speed of ST group [( 1 134 ± 104) ms] and LT group[(1 224±27)ms]was slower than that of controls [(1 005±180)ms](P<0. 05),and LT group was even slower than ST group( P<0. 05). In NOGO trails,significant differences were detected between controls( 92. 5% ± 16. 9%,83. 5%±18. 3%,64. 3% ±23. 6%) and long-term heroin addicts( 92. 7% ± 16. 7%,84. 0% ± 18. 3%,64. 4% ± 23. 4%)when stimulus onset asynchrony(SOAs) were 400,600 and 800 ms(P<0. 05). Conclusions Heroin addiction may damage the response inhibition ability of addicts,and the longer they abuse,more seriously the deficits is.
引文
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[8]Ahn WY,Vassileva J.Machine-learning identifies substance-specific behavioral markers for opiate and stimulant dependence.[J].Drug Alcohol Depen,2016,161:247-257.
[9]Fishbein DH,Krupitsky E,Flannery BA,et al.Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use[J].Drug Alcohol Depen,2007,90:25-38.
[10]Quednow BB,Kühn KU,Hoppe C,et al.Elevated impulsivity and impaired decision-making cognition in heavy users of MDMA(“Ecstasy”).[J].Psychopharmacology,2007,189:517-530.
[11]Eldreth DA,Matochik JA,Cadet JL,et al.Abnormal brain activity in prefrontal brain regions in abstinent marijuana users[J].Neuroimage,2004,23:914-920.
[12]Zhang Y,Gong J,Xie C,et al.Alterations in brain connectivity in three sub-regions of the anterior cingulate cortex in heroin-dependent individuals:Evidence from resting state f MRI.[J].Neuroscience,2015,284:998-1010.
[13]Liu J,Liang JW.Dysfunctional connectivity patterns in chronic heroin users:an f MRI study[J].Neurosci Lett,2009,460:72-77.
[14]Yuan K,Qin WM,Liu J,et al.Combining spatial and temporal information to explore resting-state networks changes in abstinent heroin-dependent individuals[J].Neurosci Lett,2010,475:20-24.
[15]Yuan Y,Zhu Z,Shi J,et al.Gray matter density negatively correlates with duration of heroin use in young lifetime heroin-dependent individuals[J].Brain Cognition,2009,71:223-228.
[2]Moreno-López L,Stamatakis EA,Fernández-Serrano MJ,et al.Neural correlates of hot and cold executive functions in polysubstance addiction:association between neuropsychological performance and resting brain metabolism as measured by positron emission tomography[J].Psychiatry Res,2012,203:214-221.
[3]Yang L,Xu Q,Li S,et al.The effects of methadone maintenance treatment on heroin addicts with response inhibition function impairments:Evidence from event-related potentials[J].J Food Drug Anal,2015,23:260-266.
[4]Logan GD,Van ZT,Verbruggen F,et al.On the ability to inhibit thought and action:general and special theories of an act of control.[J].Psychol Rev,2014,121:66-95.
[5]Bechara A.Decision making,impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs:a neurocognitive perspective[J].Nat Neurosci,2005,8:1458-1463.
[6]Yan WS,Li YH,Xiao L,et al.Working memory and affective decision-making in addiction:a neurocognitive comparison between heroin addicts,pathological gamblers and healthy controls.[J].Drug Alcohol Depen,2014,134:194-200.
[7]Morie KP,Garavan H,Bell RP,et al.Intact inhibitory control processes in abstinent drug abusers(II):A highdensity electrical mapping study in former cocaine and heroin addicts[J].Neuropharmacol,2014,82:151-160.
[8]Ahn WY,Vassileva J.Machine-learning identifies substance-specific behavioral markers for opiate and stimulant dependence.[J].Drug Alcohol Depen,2016,161:247-257.
[9]Fishbein DH,Krupitsky E,Flannery BA,et al.Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use[J].Drug Alcohol Depen,2007,90:25-38.
[10]Quednow BB,Kühn KU,Hoppe C,et al.Elevated impulsivity and impaired decision-making cognition in heavy users of MDMA(“Ecstasy”).[J].Psychopharmacology,2007,189:517-530.
[11]Eldreth DA,Matochik JA,Cadet JL,et al.Abnormal brain activity in prefrontal brain regions in abstinent marijuana users[J].Neuroimage,2004,23:914-920.
[12]Zhang Y,Gong J,Xie C,et al.Alterations in brain connectivity in three sub-regions of the anterior cingulate cortex in heroin-dependent individuals:Evidence from resting state f MRI.[J].Neuroscience,2015,284:998-1010.
[13]Liu J,Liang JW.Dysfunctional connectivity patterns in chronic heroin users:an f MRI study[J].Neurosci Lett,2009,460:72-77.
[14]Yuan K,Qin WM,Liu J,et al.Combining spatial and temporal information to explore resting-state networks changes in abstinent heroin-dependent individuals[J].Neurosci Lett,2010,475:20-24.
[15]Yuan Y,Zhu Z,Shi J,et al.Gray matter density negatively correlates with duration of heroin use in young lifetime heroin-dependent individuals[J].Brain Cognition,2009,71:223-228.