国外海军弹药安全性研究进展
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摘要
综述了以美国为首的北约在海军弹药安全性方面的研究进展,主要包括弹药安全性发展历史、弹药安全性试验方法、反应等级判定及评估、弹药安全性影响因素。在此基础上,详细介绍了美国在弹药安全性设计方面的研究思路及成果,主要包括炸药及装药设计、弹药自身结构设计、包装防护结构设计。最后对我国海军弹药安全性研究提出了几点建议。附参考文献36篇。
The research progress in naval ammunition security of NATO led by the USA,mainly including the ammunition safety development history,ammunition safety test method,evaluation and assessment of reaction grade and the factors affecting the safety of ammunition,was reviewed.On this basis,the research ideas and research achievements in the ammunition safety design in USA were detaily introduced,mainly including explosive and charge design,structural design of ammunition,and packaging structure design.Finally some suggestions on the safety of China′s naval ammunition were put forward,with 36 references.
The research progress in naval ammunition security of NATO led by the USA,mainly including the ammunition safety development history,ammunition safety test method,evaluation and assessment of reaction grade and the factors affecting the safety of ammunition,was reviewed.On this basis,the research ideas and research achievements in the ammunition safety design in USA were detaily introduced,mainly including explosive and charge design,structural design of ammunition,and packaging structure design.Finally some suggestions on the safety of China′s naval ammunition were put forward,with 36 references.
引文
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[3]DOD-STD-2105.Hazard assessment tests for non-unclear munitions[S].1982.
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[6]MIL-STD-2105C.Hazard assessment tests for non-unclear munitions[S].2003.
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[9]NATO STANAG 4439-1998.Policy for introduction and assessment of insensitive munitions(IM)ED 1[S].1998.
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[13]NATO STANAG 4240.Liquid fuel/external fire,munition test procedures[S].2003.
[14]Gois J,Chaves F,Simǒes P.Cookoff test models and results[J].Defense Industries:Science and Technology Related to Security:Impact of Conventional Munitions on Environment and Population,2001:65-81.
[15]Sweitzer J C,Peterson N R.Method for prediction of fragment impact response using physics based modeling and statistical analysis original research article[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,103:601-609.
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[17]Baker E L,Pham J,Madsen T,et al.Shaped charge jet characterization and initiation test configuration for IM threat testing original research article[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,58:58-67.
[18]Doherty R M,Simpson R L.A comprehensive evaluation of several insensitive high explosives[C]∥28th International Annual Meeting of ICT.Karlsruhe:ICT,1997:24-27.
[19]Dickson P M,Asay B W,Henson B F.Thermal cookoff response of confined PBX 9501[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A,2004,460(2052):3447-3455.
[20]Watt D.Insensitive munition:the effect of aging upon lifecycle[C]∥Insensitive Munitions&Energetic Materials Technology Symposium.San Francisco:CA,2004:15-16.
[21]Volk F.Analysis of the detonation products of insensitive high explosives[C]∥Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Analysis and Detection of Explosives.Jerusalem:Springer Publisher,1992:223-239.
[22]于永利,智小琦,范兴华.自由空间对炸药慢烤响应特性影响的研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(5):280-282.YU Yong-1i,ZHI Xiao-qi,FAN Xing-hua.The research of free-space influence on response characteristics of explosive on slow cook-off condition[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(5):280-282.
[23]Peterson N R,Sweitzer J C.Composite material particle impact mitigation sleeve testing original research article[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,103:475-481.
[24]胡双启,解朝变,智小琦.装药密度与壳体约束对钝化RDX慢速烤燃特性的影响[J].火炸药学报,2011,34(2):26-28.HU Shuang-qi,XIE Zhao-bian,ZHI Xiao-qi.Effect of charge density and restriction of shell on slow cook-off characteristics of passive RDX[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2011,34(2):26-28.
[25]智小琦,胡双启,肖志华.密封条件对钝化RDX快速烤燃响应特性的影响[J].火炸药学报,2010,33(1):31-33.ZHI Xiao-qi,HU Shuang-qi,XIAO Zhi-hua.Effect of sealing conditions on fast cook-off response properties of passive RDX[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2010,33(1):31-33.
[26]Smith J K,Halvorsen T,Kristiansen J D,et al.Review and update for RS-RDX and RS-HMX[C]∥Symposium Insensitive Energetic Materials.Pfinztal:Springer,2007.
[27]Choal J R.A new safe synthetic procedure of TeNA(2,3,4,6-Tetranitroaniline)[C]∥Insensitive Munitions&Energetic Materials Technology Symposium.San Francisco:CA,2004.
[28]王昕.美国不敏感混合炸药的发展现状[J].火炸药学报,2007,30(2):78-80.WANG Xin.Development status of insensitive mixed explosive for USA[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propelants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2007,30(2):78-80.
[29]Viorel C A,Ctlina T.Safety and compatibility in service of munitions and explosives in romania[J].Defense Industries:Science and Technology Related to Security:Impact of Conventional Munitions on Environment and Population Volume 44 of the Series NATO Science Series,2004:9-19.
[30]Portugal A,Campos J,Sim7es P,et al.Energetic materials synthesis and development of insensitive and green compounds[J].Defense Industries:Science and Technology Related to Security:Impact of Conventional Munitions on Environment and Population,2004,44:209-220.
[31]Karthikeyan S,Kurt Z,Pandey G.Immobilized biocatalyst for detection and destruction of the insensitive explosive,2,4-Dinitroanisole(DNAN)[J].Environmental.Science&Technology,2016,50(20):11193-11199.
[32]YU Lan,REN Hui,GUO Xue-yong.A novelε-HNIWbased insensitive high explosive incorporated with reduced graphene oxide[J].Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2014,117(3):1187-1199.
[33]Kim J W,Kim J K,Kim E J,et al.Preparation of ADNBF with low-acidity by reactive crystallization[J].Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2010,27(2):666-671.
[34]Türker L.Thermobaric and enhanced blast explosives(TBX and EBX)review article[J].Defence Technology,2016(6):423-445.
[35]Nouguez B.Dual formulation warheads:a mature technology[C]∥Processing of Insensitive Munitions Technology Symposium.Williamsburg:NSWC,1996.
[36]潘琴,王兴,陈军,等.不敏感航空炸弹发展分析[C]∥第六届含能材料与钝感弹药技术学术研讨会论文集.绵阳:中国工程物理研究院,2014.PAN Qin,WANG Xing,CHEN Jun,et al.Development analysis of insensitive aircraft bomb[C]∥The 6th Energetic Materials and Insensitive Ammunition Technology Symposium.Mianyang:China Academy of Engineering physics,2014.
[2]智小琦,胡双启,王东青.钝感弹药的发展与分析[J].中北大学学报,2008,29(3):236-238.ZHI Xiao-qi,HU Shuang-qi,WANG Dong-qing.The development and analysis of insensitive ammunition[J].Journal of North University of China,2008,29(3):236-238.
[3]DOD-STD-2105.Hazard assessment tests for non-unclear munitions[S].1982.
[4]MIL-STD-2105A.Hazard assessment tests for nonunclear munitions[S].1991.
[5]MIL-STD-2105B.Hazard assessment tests for non-unclear munitions[S].1994.
[6]MIL-STD-2105C.Hazard assessment tests for non-unclear munitions[S].2003.
[7]MIL-STD-2105D.Hazard assessment tests for nonunclear munitions[S].2011.
[8]国外不敏感弹药标准及相关政策(汇编)[M].北京:北方科技信息研究所,2012.
[9]NATO STANAG 4439-1998.Policy for introduction and assessment of insensitive munitions(IM)ED 1[S].1998.
[10]Guidance on the development,assessment and testing of insensitive munitions AOP-39(edition1)[M].Brussels:NATO Standardization Agency,1998.
[11]NATO STANAG 4439-2010.Policy for introduction and assessment of insensitive munitions(IM)ED 3[S].2010.
[12]Guidance on the development,assessment and testing of insensitive munitions AOP-39(edition3)[M].Brussels:NATO Standardization Agency,2010.
[13]NATO STANAG 4240.Liquid fuel/external fire,munition test procedures[S].2003.
[14]Gois J,Chaves F,Simǒes P.Cookoff test models and results[J].Defense Industries:Science and Technology Related to Security:Impact of Conventional Munitions on Environment and Population,2001:65-81.
[15]Sweitzer J C,Peterson N R.Method for prediction of fragment impact response using physics based modeling and statistical analysis original research article[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,103:601-609.
[16]Baker E L,Daniels A,DeFisher S.Development of a small shaped charge insensitive munitions threat test[J].Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium,2015,103:27-34.
[17]Baker E L,Pham J,Madsen T,et al.Shaped charge jet characterization and initiation test configuration for IM threat testing original research article[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,58:58-67.
[18]Doherty R M,Simpson R L.A comprehensive evaluation of several insensitive high explosives[C]∥28th International Annual Meeting of ICT.Karlsruhe:ICT,1997:24-27.
[19]Dickson P M,Asay B W,Henson B F.Thermal cookoff response of confined PBX 9501[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A,2004,460(2052):3447-3455.
[20]Watt D.Insensitive munition:the effect of aging upon lifecycle[C]∥Insensitive Munitions&Energetic Materials Technology Symposium.San Francisco:CA,2004:15-16.
[21]Volk F.Analysis of the detonation products of insensitive high explosives[C]∥Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Analysis and Detection of Explosives.Jerusalem:Springer Publisher,1992:223-239.
[22]于永利,智小琦,范兴华.自由空间对炸药慢烤响应特性影响的研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(5):280-282.YU Yong-1i,ZHI Xiao-qi,FAN Xing-hua.The research of free-space influence on response characteristics of explosive on slow cook-off condition[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(5):280-282.
[23]Peterson N R,Sweitzer J C.Composite material particle impact mitigation sleeve testing original research article[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,103:475-481.
[24]胡双启,解朝变,智小琦.装药密度与壳体约束对钝化RDX慢速烤燃特性的影响[J].火炸药学报,2011,34(2):26-28.HU Shuang-qi,XIE Zhao-bian,ZHI Xiao-qi.Effect of charge density and restriction of shell on slow cook-off characteristics of passive RDX[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2011,34(2):26-28.
[25]智小琦,胡双启,肖志华.密封条件对钝化RDX快速烤燃响应特性的影响[J].火炸药学报,2010,33(1):31-33.ZHI Xiao-qi,HU Shuang-qi,XIAO Zhi-hua.Effect of sealing conditions on fast cook-off response properties of passive RDX[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2010,33(1):31-33.
[26]Smith J K,Halvorsen T,Kristiansen J D,et al.Review and update for RS-RDX and RS-HMX[C]∥Symposium Insensitive Energetic Materials.Pfinztal:Springer,2007.
[27]Choal J R.A new safe synthetic procedure of TeNA(2,3,4,6-Tetranitroaniline)[C]∥Insensitive Munitions&Energetic Materials Technology Symposium.San Francisco:CA,2004.
[28]王昕.美国不敏感混合炸药的发展现状[J].火炸药学报,2007,30(2):78-80.WANG Xin.Development status of insensitive mixed explosive for USA[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propelants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2007,30(2):78-80.
[29]Viorel C A,Ctlina T.Safety and compatibility in service of munitions and explosives in romania[J].Defense Industries:Science and Technology Related to Security:Impact of Conventional Munitions on Environment and Population Volume 44 of the Series NATO Science Series,2004:9-19.
[30]Portugal A,Campos J,Sim7es P,et al.Energetic materials synthesis and development of insensitive and green compounds[J].Defense Industries:Science and Technology Related to Security:Impact of Conventional Munitions on Environment and Population,2004,44:209-220.
[31]Karthikeyan S,Kurt Z,Pandey G.Immobilized biocatalyst for detection and destruction of the insensitive explosive,2,4-Dinitroanisole(DNAN)[J].Environmental.Science&Technology,2016,50(20):11193-11199.
[32]YU Lan,REN Hui,GUO Xue-yong.A novelε-HNIWbased insensitive high explosive incorporated with reduced graphene oxide[J].Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2014,117(3):1187-1199.
[33]Kim J W,Kim J K,Kim E J,et al.Preparation of ADNBF with low-acidity by reactive crystallization[J].Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2010,27(2):666-671.
[34]Türker L.Thermobaric and enhanced blast explosives(TBX and EBX)review article[J].Defence Technology,2016(6):423-445.
[35]Nouguez B.Dual formulation warheads:a mature technology[C]∥Processing of Insensitive Munitions Technology Symposium.Williamsburg:NSWC,1996.
[36]潘琴,王兴,陈军,等.不敏感航空炸弹发展分析[C]∥第六届含能材料与钝感弹药技术学术研讨会论文集.绵阳:中国工程物理研究院,2014.PAN Qin,WANG Xing,CHEN Jun,et al.Development analysis of insensitive aircraft bomb[C]∥The 6th Energetic Materials and Insensitive Ammunition Technology Symposium.Mianyang:China Academy of Engineering physics,2014.