生物质CO_2/空气混合气氛下气化焦油析出特性研究
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摘要
以松木木屑和水稻秸秆作为生物质原料,在自制小型气流床气化炉上开展CO_2/空气混合气化焦油析出特性实验研究,考察CO_2/C比、温度和生物质种类对焦油产率、组分和露点温度的影响。结果表明,相比于纯空气气化,CO_2/空气混合气化能降低焦油产率,促使焦油组分发生改变,特别是杂环化合物和重多环芳烃组分。随着CO_2/C比升高,松木和秸秆的焦油露点温度总体先升高后下降。不同种类的生物质添加相应量的CO_2能有效控制焦油析出,改善产气品质。
The characteristics of tar formation derived from pine sawdust and rice straw during biomass gasification with CO_2/air were studied in a bench-scale entrained-flow gasifier. The effects of CO_2/C ratio,temperature,and biomass type,on the composition and yield of tar as well as dew point temperature were investigated. Results showed that compared with pure air gasification,CO_2/air as gasifying agent could reduce tar yield,and adjust tar components,especially for heterocyclic compounds and heavy PAHs. With the increase of CO_2/C ratio,the tar dew point of both pine and straw generally increased first and then decreased. The improvement of syngas quality and tar elimination could be effectively obtained with the addition of a corresponding amount of CO_2 to different biomass types.
The characteristics of tar formation derived from pine sawdust and rice straw during biomass gasification with CO_2/air were studied in a bench-scale entrained-flow gasifier. The effects of CO_2/C ratio,temperature,and biomass type,on the composition and yield of tar as well as dew point temperature were investigated. Results showed that compared with pure air gasification,CO_2/air as gasifying agent could reduce tar yield,and adjust tar components,especially for heterocyclic compounds and heavy PAHs. With the increase of CO_2/C ratio,the tar dew point of both pine and straw generally increased first and then decreased. The improvement of syngas quality and tar elimination could be effectively obtained with the addition of a corresponding amount of CO_2 to different biomass types.
引文
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[2]马隆龙,吴创之,孙立.生物质气化技术及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003,128—131.[2] Ma Longlong, Wu Chuangzhi, Sun Li. Biomass gasification technology and its application[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003,128—131.
[3]王素兰,张全国,李继红.生物质焦油及其馏分的成分分析[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(7):647—651.[3] Wang Sulan,Zhang Quanguo,Li Jihong. Chemical composition of biomass tar and its distillations[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2006,27(7):647—651.
[4]陈汉平,杨海平,李斌,等.生物质流化床气化焦油析出特性的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2009,37(4):433—437.[4] Chen Hanping,Yang Haiping,Li Bin,et al. Evolving characteristics of tar during biomass fluidized bed gasification[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2009,37(4):433—437.
[5] Prabir B. Biomass gasification and pyrolysis:Practical design and theory[M]. London:Academic Press,2010,97—99.
[6] Herguido J, Corella J, Gonzalezsaiz J. Steam gasification of lignocellulosic residues in a fluidized bed at a small pilot scale. Effect of the type of feedstock[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,1992,31(5):1274—1282.
[7] Hernandez J J, Ballesteros R, Aranda G.Characterisation of tars from biomass gasification:Effect of the operating conditions[J]. Energy, 2013, 50:333—342.
[8] Tursun Y,Xu Shaoping,Wang Guangyong,et al. Tar formation during co-gasification of biomass and coal under different gasification condition[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2015,111:191—199.
[9] Pohorely M,Jeremias M,Svoboda K,et al. CO2as moderator for biomass gasification[J]. Fuel,2014,117(Part A):198—205.
[10] Garcia L,Salvador M L,Arauzo J,et al. CO2as a gasifying agent for gas production from pine sawdust at low temperatures using a Ni/Al coprecipitated catalyst[J]. Fuel processing technology,2001,69(2):157—174.
[11] Badzioch S, Hawksley P. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of pulverized coal particles[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1970,9(4):521—530.
[12] Brage C,Yu Qizhuang,Chen Guanxing,et al. Use of amino phase adsorbent for biomass tar sampling and separation[J]. Fuel,1997,76(2):137—142.
[13] Ahrenfeldt J, Thomsen T P, Henriksen U, et al.Biomass gasification cogeneration-a review of state of the art technology and near future perspectives[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,50(2):1407—1417.
[14] Kiel J H,Van Paasen S V B,Neeft J P A. Primary measures to reduce tar formation in fluidized-bed biomass gasifier:Final report SDE project P1999-012[R]. ECN 2004,ECN-C-04-014.
[15] Yu Haimaio, Zhang Ze, Li Zeshen, et al.Characteristics of tar formation during cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin gasification[J]. Fuel,2014,118:250—256.
[16] Van Paasen S V B,Kiel J H. Tar formation in a fluidized-bed gasifier:Impact of fuel properties and operating condition[R]. ECN 2004,ECN-C-04-013.
[17] Tersites. The ECN tar dew point site[EB/OL]. http://www.thersites.nl.,2016-10-02.
[18] Bergman P C A,Paasen V B,Boerrigter H. The novel“OLGA” technology for complete tar removal from biomass producer gas[A]. Pyrolysis and Gasification of Biomass and Waste[C],Strasbourg,France,2002.
[19] Sharma R K, Hajaligol M R. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from polyphenolic compounds[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2003,66(1-2):123—144.