反推力系统适航设计与符合性验证分析
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摘要
现代涡喷飞机大多设计有反推力系统以提高飞机的经济性、可用性和安全性,然而反推力系统若发生故障则可能引发灾难性的飞行事故。因此,反推力系统的设计和适航符合性验证已成为适航当局重点关注的审定问题。本文通过对中、美、欧适航当局反推力系统的相关适航标准、咨询通告和修正案的研究,给出涡喷飞机反推力系统的适航要求和简析,反推力系统"操纵性"和"可靠性"验证思路及注意事项;此外,结合某型飞机的反推力系统,给出"可靠性"验证思路的实例验证过程和符合性结论。研究结果可为我国进行飞机反推力系统适航设计和符合性验证提供有益参考。
Most of the modern turbojet airplanes are installed with reversing system,which can promote the economy,availability and safety of airplanes.However,failures of reversing system may have significant effect on airplane and people on-board and on the ground.The design and compliance demonstration of reversing system is also one of the key certification issues that the authorities usually focus on.Through the analysis of regulations,Advisory Circulars(ACs),and amendments of CAAC,FAA and EASA,the applicable airworthiness requirements and their brief analysis,the controllability and reliability compliance options and respective considerations of turbojet reversing system are illustrated.Additionally,the reliability option is applied to a specific aircraft reversing system,and the exact compliance demonstration items as well as compliance conclusion are given.The results can provide a useful reference for airworthiness design and compliance verification of aircraft thrust reversing system in china.
Most of the modern turbojet airplanes are installed with reversing system,which can promote the economy,availability and safety of airplanes.However,failures of reversing system may have significant effect on airplane and people on-board and on the ground.The design and compliance demonstration of reversing system is also one of the key certification issues that the authorities usually focus on.Through the analysis of regulations,Advisory Circulars(ACs),and amendments of CAAC,FAA and EASA,the applicable airworthiness requirements and their brief analysis,the controllability and reliability compliance options and respective considerations of turbojet reversing system are illustrated.Additionally,the reliability option is applied to a specific aircraft reversing system,and the exact compliance demonstration items as well as compliance conclusion are given.The results can provide a useful reference for airworthiness design and compliance verification of aircraft thrust reversing system in china.
引文
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[2]毛文懿,杨铁链,李涛,等.反推力装置适航符合性验证思路研究[J].航空科学技术,2014,25(7):34-37.Mao Wenyi,Yang Tielian,Li Tao,et al.Research of airworthiness compliance verification considerations for thrust reversers[J].Aeronautical Science&Technology,2014,25(7):34-37.(in Chinese)
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[8]中国民用航空局.CCAR-33-R2航空发动机适航规定[S].北京:中国民用航空局,2002.Civil Aviation Administration of China.CCAR-33-R2 Airworthiness requirements for aero engines[S].Beijing:CAAC,2002.(in Chinese)
[9]Federal Aviation Administration.FAR 25.933/1301Policy information regarding inflight thrust reverser certification[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,1993.
[10]Federal Aviation Administration.FAA letter criteria for assessing transport turbojet fleet thrust reversing system safety[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,1994.
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[12]Federal Aviation Administration.AC 20-18B Qualification testing of turbo jet engine thrust reverser[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,2015.
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[14]Federal Aviation Administration.AC 25.1309-1A System design and analysis[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,1988.
[15]Federal Aviation Administration.AC25-7CFlight test guide for certification of transport category airplanes[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,2012.
[2]毛文懿,杨铁链,李涛,等.反推力装置适航符合性验证思路研究[J].航空科学技术,2014,25(7):34-37.Mao Wenyi,Yang Tielian,Li Tao,et al.Research of airworthiness compliance verification considerations for thrust reversers[J].Aeronautical Science&Technology,2014,25(7):34-37.(in Chinese)
[3]靳宝林,邢伟红,刘殿春.飞机/发动机推进系统反推力装置[J].航空发动机,2004,30(3):48-52.Jin Baolin,Xing Weihong,Liu Dianchun.Thrust reversers of aircraft/engine propulsion system[J].Aeroengine,2004,30(3):48-52.(in Chinese)
[4]杜刚,金捷.大型运输机发动机反推力装置[C].中国航空学会2007年学术年会,深圳:2007.Du Gang,Jin Jie.Thrust reversers of large transport airplanes[C].2007Academic Annual Meeting of China Aviation Society,Shenzhen:2007.(in Chinese)
[5]邵万仁,叶留增,沈锡钢,等.反推力装置关键技术及技术途径初步探讨[C].中国航空学会2007年学术年会,深圳:2007.Shao Wanren,Ye Liuzeng,Shen Xigang,et al.A primary discussion on thrust reversers critical technologies and implement approaches of large airplanes[C].2007 Academic Annual Meeting of China Aviation Society,Shenzhen:2007.(in Chinese)
[6]沙江,徐惊雷.发动机反推力装置及其研究进展[C].中国航空学会2007年学术年会,深圳:2007.Sha Jiang,Xu Jinglei.Engine thrust reversers and their evolution[C].2007Academic Annual Meeting of China Aviation Society,Shenzhen:2007.(in Chinese)
[7]中国民用航空局.CCAR-25-R4运输类飞机适航标准[S].北京:中国民用航空局,2011.Civil Aviation Administration of China.CCAR-25-R4 Airworthiness standards:transport category airplanes[S].Beijing:CAAC,2011.(in Chinese)
[8]中国民用航空局.CCAR-33-R2航空发动机适航规定[S].北京:中国民用航空局,2002.Civil Aviation Administration of China.CCAR-33-R2 Airworthiness requirements for aero engines[S].Beijing:CAAC,2002.(in Chinese)
[9]Federal Aviation Administration.FAR 25.933/1301Policy information regarding inflight thrust reverser certification[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,1993.
[10]Federal Aviation Administration.FAA letter criteria for assessing transport turbojet fleet thrust reversing system safety[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,1994.
[11]European Aviation Safety Agency.AMC25.933(a)(1)of CS-25 Certification specification and acceptable means of compliance for large airplanes[S].Kolner:European Aviation Safety Agency,2016.
[12]Federal Aviation Administration.AC 20-18B Qualification testing of turbo jet engine thrust reverser[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,2015.
[13]European Aviation Safety Agency.No.13/2004Notices of proposed amendment:miscellaneous powerplan[S].Kolner:European Aviation Safety Agency,2004.
[14]Federal Aviation Administration.AC 25.1309-1A System design and analysis[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,1988.
[15]Federal Aviation Administration.AC25-7CFlight test guide for certification of transport category airplanes[S].Washington:Federal Aviation Administration,2012.