中美贸易摩擦背景下中国贸易反制措施的国际法依据
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摘要
中国应对美国单边加征关税行为的措施应遵守国际法规则的统一性。作为一个具有典型自足特征的法律体系,WTO规则要求成员诉诸争端解决机制解决贸易争端,这基本排除了单边措施的适用空间。这种安排固然有利于维护多边贸易体制的统一性,但在面临主要贸易成员之间大规模贸易摩擦时,WTO争端解决机制耗时过长,无法及时有效地为冲突方提供"缓冲期",这也减损了WTO对于成员方贸易政策的约束效果。
China's response to the unilateral tariff imposed by United States is subject to its consistency with rules of international law. As a self-contained system, WTO prohibits the application of unilateral measures and its dispute settlement mechanism is a compulsory option for the dispute between its members. This arrangement is favorable to the consistency of multilateral trade system, due to its time consuming, however, WTO dispute settlement mechanism fails to set a"cooling-off " period for the dispute resolution when intensive trade friction happen between major members. This also undermines the binding effect of WTO on the trade policies of its members.
China's response to the unilateral tariff imposed by United States is subject to its consistency with rules of international law. As a self-contained system, WTO prohibits the application of unilateral measures and its dispute settlement mechanism is a compulsory option for the dispute between its members. This arrangement is favorable to the consistency of multilateral trade system, due to its time consuming, however, WTO dispute settlement mechanism fails to set a"cooling-off " period for the dispute resolution when intensive trade friction happen between major members. This also undermines the binding effect of WTO on the trade policies of its members.
引文
[1]White House,From now on,we except trading relationships to be fair and to be reciprocal,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefingsstatements/president-donald-j-trump-confronting-chinas-unfair-trade-policies/(last visited Jun.1,2018).
[2]商务部新闻发言人就美国白宫声明发表谈话,http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ae/ag/201805/20180502749654.shtml(last visited Jun.1,2018).
[3]Office of the US Trade Representative,USTR Robert Lighthizer Statement on the President’s Additional Trade Action,https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2018/june/ustr-robert-lighthizer-statement-0(last visited Jun.20,2018).
[4]杨国华:《中美贸易战中的国际法》,《武大国际法评论》2018年第3期,第133-138页。
[5]Mark.E.Villiger,COMMENTARY ON THE 1969 VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES,433-434(2009).
[6]廖诗评:《国际法中的特别法优先原则》,《法学研究》2010年第2期,第134页。
[7]United States-Measures Affecting the Import Soft Wool Shirts and Blouses,WT/DS33,Appellate Body Report,para.18;United StatesMeasures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services,WT/DS285,Panel Report,para.6.566.
[8]Chile-Measures Affecting the Transit and Importing of Swordfish,WT/DS193.
[9]Campbell Mclachlan,LIS PENDENS IN INTERNATIONAL LITIGATION 456-467(2007).
[2]商务部新闻发言人就美国白宫声明发表谈话,http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ae/ag/201805/20180502749654.shtml(last visited Jun.1,2018).
[3]Office of the US Trade Representative,USTR Robert Lighthizer Statement on the President’s Additional Trade Action,https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2018/june/ustr-robert-lighthizer-statement-0(last visited Jun.20,2018).
[4]杨国华:《中美贸易战中的国际法》,《武大国际法评论》2018年第3期,第133-138页。
[5]Mark.E.Villiger,COMMENTARY ON THE 1969 VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES,433-434(2009).
[6]廖诗评:《国际法中的特别法优先原则》,《法学研究》2010年第2期,第134页。
[7]United States-Measures Affecting the Import Soft Wool Shirts and Blouses,WT/DS33,Appellate Body Report,para.18;United StatesMeasures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services,WT/DS285,Panel Report,para.6.566.
[8]Chile-Measures Affecting the Transit and Importing of Swordfish,WT/DS193.
[9]Campbell Mclachlan,LIS PENDENS IN INTERNATIONAL LITIGATION 456-467(2007).