微气泡曝气生物膜反应器处理低C/N比废水脱氮过程
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摘要
微气泡曝气生物膜反应器是微气泡曝气技术与好氧生物处理相结合的新型处理工艺.本研究采用微气泡曝气生物膜反应器在低气水比下处理低C/N比废水,考察了生物脱氮过程和性能,并分析了脱氮功能菌群变化.结果表明,通过低气水比(小于1∶2)控制DO浓度并降低进水C/N比,可以实现生物脱氮过程从同步硝化-反硝化向同步短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化-反硝化(SNAD)过程转变,并可获得较高的低C/N比废水生物脱氮性能. DO浓度低于1. 0 mg·L-1、进水C/N比为1∶2. 8时,SNAD过程成为生物脱氮的主要途径,TN平均去除率可达到76. 3%,TN平均去除负荷为1. 42 kg·(m3·d)-1,厌氧氨氧化过程对TN去除的贡献率为86. 0%.随着进水C/N比降低,生物膜中亚硝化菌群和厌氧氨氧化菌群的相对丰度逐渐增加,而硝化菌群和反硝化菌群的相对丰度逐渐降低.生物脱氮功能菌群变化与脱氮过程转变为SNAD过程相一致.
The microbubble-aerated biofilm reactor as a new treatment process combines microbubble aeration technology with aerobic biological treatment. A microbubble aerated biofilm reactor was used in this study to treat low C/N ratio wastewater at a low air/water ratio. The process and performance of biological nitrogen removal were investigated,and the functional bacterial populations for nitrogen removal in the biofilm were analyzed. The results showed that the biological nitrogen removal process was converted from simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to simultaneous partial nitrification,ANAMMOX and denitrification( SNAD) processes when DO concentration was controlled by an air/water ratio of lower than 1 ∶ 2 and the influent C/N ratio was reduced. As a result,the efficient biological nitrogen removal performance was achieved when treating low C/N ratio wastewater. When the DO concentration was lower than 1. 0 mg·L-1 and the influent C/N ratio was 1∶ 2. 8,the SNAD process became dominant for biological nitrogen removal. In this case,the average total nitrogen( TN) removal efficiency was 76. 3%,and the average TN loading rate removed was 1. 42 kg·( m3·d)-1. In addition,it was estimated that 86. 0% of TN removal was attributed to the ANAMMOX process. The relative abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria populations and ANAMMOX bacteria populations in the biofilm increased gradually,while the relative abundances of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria populations and denitrifying bacteria populations decreased gradually,with a decrease in influent C/N ratio. The variation of functional bacterial populations for nitrogen removal was consistent with the conversion of nitrogen removal process to SNAD process.
The microbubble-aerated biofilm reactor as a new treatment process combines microbubble aeration technology with aerobic biological treatment. A microbubble aerated biofilm reactor was used in this study to treat low C/N ratio wastewater at a low air/water ratio. The process and performance of biological nitrogen removal were investigated,and the functional bacterial populations for nitrogen removal in the biofilm were analyzed. The results showed that the biological nitrogen removal process was converted from simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to simultaneous partial nitrification,ANAMMOX and denitrification( SNAD) processes when DO concentration was controlled by an air/water ratio of lower than 1 ∶ 2 and the influent C/N ratio was reduced. As a result,the efficient biological nitrogen removal performance was achieved when treating low C/N ratio wastewater. When the DO concentration was lower than 1. 0 mg·L-1 and the influent C/N ratio was 1∶ 2. 8,the SNAD process became dominant for biological nitrogen removal. In this case,the average total nitrogen( TN) removal efficiency was 76. 3%,and the average TN loading rate removed was 1. 42 kg·( m3·d)-1. In addition,it was estimated that 86. 0% of TN removal was attributed to the ANAMMOX process. The relative abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria populations and ANAMMOX bacteria populations in the biofilm increased gradually,while the relative abundances of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria populations and denitrifying bacteria populations decreased gradually,with a decrease in influent C/N ratio. The variation of functional bacterial populations for nitrogen removal was consistent with the conversion of nitrogen removal process to SNAD process.
引文
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[16] Huang X,Liu R,Qian Y. Behaviour of soluble microbial products in a membrane bioreactor[J]. Process Biochemistry,2000,36(5):401-406.
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[19]崔玉雪,袁琦,唐媛,等.水源水生物预处理中填料生物量的测定方法探讨[J].给水排水,2009,35(11):29-31.Cui Y X,Yuan Q,Tang Y,et al. A study on measurement of biomass in the biological pretreatment process of source water[J]. Water&Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(11):29-31.
[20] Chu Z R,Wang K,Li X K,et al. Microbial characterization of aggregates within a one-stage nitritation-anammox system using high-throughput amplicon sequencing[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,262:41-48.
[21] Lan C J, Kumar M, Wang C C, et al. Development of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process in a sequential batch reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(9):5514-5519.
[22]李滨,赵志瑞,马斌,等.克隆文库方法分析厌氧氨氧化反应器中细菌群落结构[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(12):159-164,179.Li B,Zhao Z R,Ma B,et al. Analysis on bacterial diversity of an anaerobic Ammonium-oxidizing reactor by use of 16S r DNA clone library[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2012,35(12):159-164,179.
[23]郑林雪,李军,胡家玮,等.同步硝化反硝化系统中反硝化细菌多样性研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):116-121.Zheng L X,Li J,Hu J W,et al. Analysis of denitrifying bacteria community composition in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification systems[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(1):116-121.
[24] Du R,Peng Y Z,Cao S B,et al. Mechanisms and microbial structure of partial denitrification with high nitrite accumulation[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,100(4):2011-2021.
[25] Ye Z F,Wang F,Bi H T,et al. Denitrification of nitratecontaminated groundwater using a simple immobilized activated sludge bioreactor[J]. Water Science&Technology,2012,66(3):517-524.
[2]高廷耀,顾国维,周琪.水污染控制工程[M].(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,2014. 1-92.
[3] Bagchi S,Biswas R,Nandy T. Autotrophic ammonia removal processes:ecology to technology[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2012,42(13):1353-1418.
[4]陈家琪. SNAD-MBBR一体式生物脱氮技术研究[J].中国高新科技,2018,(5):53-56.
[5] Shalini S S,Joseph K. Start-up of the SHARON and ANAMMOX process in landfill bioreactors using aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidising biomass[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,149:474-485.
[6]王欢,裴伟征,李旭东,等.低碳氮比猪场废水短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化脱氮[J].环境科学,2009,30(3):815-821.Wang H,Pei W Z,Li X D,et al. Removing nitrogen from lowC/N-piggery-wastewater using shortcut nitrification/denitrification-ANAMMOX[J]. Environmental Science,2009,30(3):815-821.
[7] Ding S Z,Bao P,Wang B,et al. Long-term stable simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process treating real domestic sewage using suspended activated sludge[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,339:180-188.
[8] Zhao J,Zuo J N,Lin J,et al. The performance of a combined nitritation-anammox reactor treating anaerobic digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2015,30:207-214.
[9]郑照明,李军,侯爱月,等.城市生活污水SNAD生物膜脱氮特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1322-1330.Zheng Z M,Li J,Hou A Y,et al. Nitrogen removal performance of SNAD biofilm cultured by domestic wastewater[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1322-1330.
[10] Langone M,Ferrentino R,Cadonna M,et al. Stoichiometric evaluation of partial nitritation, anammox and denitrification processes in a sequencing batch reactor and interpretation of online monitoring parameters[J]. Chemosphere,2016,164:488-498.
[11]张磊,刘平,马锦,等.基于微气泡曝气的生物膜反应器处理废水研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2277-2282.Zhang L,Liu P,Ma J,et al. Wastewater treatment using a microbubble aerated biofilm reactor[J]. Environmental Science,2013,34(6):2277-2282.
[12]张明,刘春,张磊,等. SPG膜微气泡曝气生物膜反应器运行性能——空气通量的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(10):4067-4073.Zhang M,Liu C,Zhang L,et al. Performance of a microbubbleaerated biofilm reactor using SPG membrane system:effect of air flux[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(10):4067-4073.
[13] Liu C,Tanaka H,Zhang J,et al. Successful application of Shirasu porous glass(SPG)membrane system for microbubble aeration in a biofilm reactor treating synthetic wastewater[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2013,103:53-59.
[14] Zhang L,Liu J L,Liu C,et al. Performance of a fixed-bed biofilm reactor with microbubble aeration in aerobic wastewater treatment[J]. Water Science&Technology,2016,74(1):138-146.
[15]刘春,年永嘉,张静,等.微气泡曝气生物膜反应器同步硝化反硝化研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2230-2235.Liu C,Nian Y J,Zhang J,et al. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a microbubble-aerated biofilm reactor[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(6):2230-2235.
[16] Huang X,Liu R,Qian Y. Behaviour of soluble microbial products in a membrane bioreactor[J]. Process Biochemistry,2000,36(5):401-406.
[17]周正,王凡,林兴,等.中试一体式部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动与区域特性[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1301-1308.Zhou Z, Wang F, Lin X, et al. Start-up and regional characteristics of a pilot-scale integrated PN-ANAMMOX reactor[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(3):1301-1308.
[18]赵庆良,刘淑彦,王琨.复合式生物膜反应器中生物膜量、厚度及活性[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(6):39-43.Zhao Q L,Liu S Y,Wang K. Biomass,thickness and activity of biofilm in hybrid biofilm reactors[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,1999,32(6):39-43.
[19]崔玉雪,袁琦,唐媛,等.水源水生物预处理中填料生物量的测定方法探讨[J].给水排水,2009,35(11):29-31.Cui Y X,Yuan Q,Tang Y,et al. A study on measurement of biomass in the biological pretreatment process of source water[J]. Water&Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(11):29-31.
[20] Chu Z R,Wang K,Li X K,et al. Microbial characterization of aggregates within a one-stage nitritation-anammox system using high-throughput amplicon sequencing[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,262:41-48.
[21] Lan C J, Kumar M, Wang C C, et al. Development of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process in a sequential batch reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(9):5514-5519.
[22]李滨,赵志瑞,马斌,等.克隆文库方法分析厌氧氨氧化反应器中细菌群落结构[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(12):159-164,179.Li B,Zhao Z R,Ma B,et al. Analysis on bacterial diversity of an anaerobic Ammonium-oxidizing reactor by use of 16S r DNA clone library[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2012,35(12):159-164,179.
[23]郑林雪,李军,胡家玮,等.同步硝化反硝化系统中反硝化细菌多样性研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):116-121.Zheng L X,Li J,Hu J W,et al. Analysis of denitrifying bacteria community composition in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification systems[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(1):116-121.
[24] Du R,Peng Y Z,Cao S B,et al. Mechanisms and microbial structure of partial denitrification with high nitrite accumulation[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,100(4):2011-2021.
[25] Ye Z F,Wang F,Bi H T,et al. Denitrification of nitratecontaminated groundwater using a simple immobilized activated sludge bioreactor[J]. Water Science&Technology,2012,66(3):517-524.