两性离子聚合物的制备性能及在抗污染分离膜中应用的研究现状
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摘要
两性离子聚合物分子链中含有等量阴、阳离子基团,呈现"反聚电解质效应",具有良好的热、化学稳定性,亲水性,生物相容性以及优异的抗污染等性能,被广泛应用于石油化工、医疗器械、分离材料等领域。文中在简要介绍两性离子聚合物的制备方法及性能的基础上,着重阐述了近年来为提高分离膜抗污染性引入两性离子聚合物的方法,包括表面接枝、表面偏析、化学气相沉积、仿生黏附及界面聚合等,并对今后研究方向提出建议。
Zwitterionic polymers possessing both anionic and cationic groups in the same molecular chain show antipolyelectrolyte effect.Owing to its excellent thermal and chemical stability,hydrophilic,biocompatibility and superior antifouling properties,it was broadly utilized in the areas as petrochemical,medical equipment,separation materials and so on.In this review,the preparation and performances of zwitterionic polymers were discussed,then the approaches to incorporate the zwitterionic polymers into the separation membranes to improve their antifouling performances in recent years were emphatically elaborated,including surface grafting,surface segregation,chemical vapor deposition,biomimetic adhesion and interfacial polymerization and so on.The suggestions for future research directions were also presented in this review.
Zwitterionic polymers possessing both anionic and cationic groups in the same molecular chain show antipolyelectrolyte effect.Owing to its excellent thermal and chemical stability,hydrophilic,biocompatibility and superior antifouling properties,it was broadly utilized in the areas as petrochemical,medical equipment,separation materials and so on.In this review,the preparation and performances of zwitterionic polymers were discussed,then the approaches to incorporate the zwitterionic polymers into the separation membranes to improve their antifouling performances in recent years were emphatically elaborated,including surface grafting,surface segregation,chemical vapor deposition,biomimetic adhesion and interfacial polymerization and so on.The suggestions for future research directions were also presented in this review.
引文
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[3]Venault A,Ballad M R B,Huang Y T,et al.Antifouling PVDFmembrane prepared by VIPS for microalgae harvesting[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2016,142:97-111.
[4]Tripathi B P,Das P,Simon F,et al.Ultralow fouling membranes by surface modification with functional polydopamine[J].Eur.Polym.J.,2018,99:80-89.
[5]Chew N G P,Zhao S S,Malde C,et al.Superoleophobic surface modification for robust membrane distillation performance[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2017,541:162-173.
[6]Kochkodan V,Johnson D J,Hilal N.Polymeric membranes:surface modification for minimizing(bio)colloidal fouling[J].Adv.Colloid Interface Sci.,2014,206:116-140.
[7]Zhang Y,Wan Y,Pan G Y,et al.Surface modification of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane with organic-inorganic hybrid material for antifouling[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2018,433:139-148.
[8]Gombotz W R,Wang G H,Horbett T A,et al.Protein adsorption topoly(rthylene oxide)surfaces[J].J.Biomed.Mater.Res.,1991,25:1547-1562.
[9]Shen M,Martinson L,Wagner M S,et al.PEO-like plasma polymerized tetraglyme surface interactions with leukocytes and proteins:in vitro and in vivo studies[J].J.Biomater.Sci.,Polym.Ed.,2002,13:367-390.
[10]Milena G K,Thomas G B.Biofouling resistance of polysulfobetaine coated reverse osmosis membranes[J].Desalination,2015,369:37-45.
[11]Zhang D Y,Hao Q,Liu J,et al.Antifouling polyimide membrane with grafted silver nanoparticles and zwitterion[J].Sep.Purif.Technol.,2018,192:230-239.
[12]Song W L,Li Z P,Li Y Z,et al.Facile sol-gel coating process for anti-biofouling modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride)microfiltration membrane based on novel zwitterionic organosilica[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2018,550:266-277.
[13]慈吉良,康宏亮,刘晨光,等.两性离子聚合物的抗蛋白质吸附机理及其应用[J].化学进展,2015,27(9):1198-1212.Ci J L,Kang H L,Liu C G,et al.Protein resistance adsorption mechanism and applications of zwitterionic polymers[J].Progress in Chemistry,2015,27(9):1198-1212.
[14]Chen S F,Li L Y,Zhao C,et al.Surface hydration:principles and applications toward low-fouling/nonfouling biomaterials[J].Polymer2010,51:5283-5293.
[15]何晓燕,周文瑞,徐晓君,等.两性离子聚合物的合成及应用[J].化学进展,2013,25(6):1023-1030.He X Y,Zhou W R,Xu X J,et al.Preparation and application of zwitterionic polymers[J].Progress in Chemistry,2013,25(6):1023-1030.
[16]Xuan F Q,Liu J S.Preparation,characterization and application of zwitterionic polymers and membranes:current developments and perspective[J].Polym.Int.,2009,58(12):1350-1361.
[17]KoberIe P,Laschewsky A.The structural order of some novel ionic polymers,X-ray scattering studies[J].Makromol.Chem.,1992,193:1815-1827.
[18]Grooth J D,Ogieglo W,Vos W M D,et al.Swelling dynamics of zwitterionic copolymes:the effects of concentration and type of anion and cation[J].Eur.Polym.J.,2014,55:57-65.
[19]Zhang Z Y,Madsen J,Warren N,et al.Influence of salt on the solution dynamics of a phosphorylcholine-based polyzwitterion[J].Eur.Polym.J.,2017,87:449-457.
[20]张健,张黎明,李健,等.无机盐对水溶液中两性离子聚合物分子线团尺寸的影响[J].油田化学,1998,15(2):105-108.Zhang J,Zhang LM,Li J,et al.Influence of inorganic salts on molecular coild dimensions of amphoteric polymers[J].Oilfield Chemistry,1998,15(2):105-108.
[21]Leng C,Sun S W,Zhang K X,et al.Molecular level studies on interfacial hydration of zwitterionic and other antifouling polyers in situ[J].Acta Biomater.,2016,40:6-15.
[22]Wu J,Lin W F,Wang Z,et al.Investigation of the Hydration of nonfouling material poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance[J].Langmuir,2012,28:7436-7441.
[23]Andre L.Structures and synthesis of zwitterionic polymer[J].Polymers,2014,6:1544-1601.
[24]桂张良,安全福,曾俊焘,等.含磺酸甜菜碱两性离子共聚物P(AM-co-VPPS)的合成及盐溶液性质[J].高分子学报,2009(4):363-368.Gui Z L,An Q F,Zeng J S,et al.Sythesisi and salt solution properties of zwitterionic copolymer P(AM-co-VPPS)containing sulfobetaine groups[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2009(4):363-368.
[25]Ji Y L,An Q F,Zhao Q,et al.Novel composite nanofiltration membranes containing zwitterions with high permeate flux and improved anti-fouling performance[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2012,390/391:243-253.
[26]Abhishek K,Nazia T,Meenakshi S.Surface photografting of novel sulfobetaine copolymers on silica[J].Mater.Sci.Appl.,2012,3:467-477.
[27]Yan M Q,Yang H J,Zhang G Z.Synthesis and properties of antifouling poly(CL-co-zDMAEMA)zwitterionic copolymer by onestep hybrid copolymerization[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,C,2015,51:189-195.
[28]He M G,Gao K,Zhou L J,et al.Zwitterionic materials for antifouling membrane surface construction[J].Acta Biomater.,2016,40:142-152.
[29]Yamagishi H,Crivello J V,Belfort G.Development of a novel photochemical technique for modify poly(arylsulfone)ultrafiltration membranes[J].J.Membr.Sci.,1995,14:256-265.
[30]Birkner M,Ulbricht M.Ultrafiltration membranes with markedly different pH-and ion-responsivity by photografted zwitterionic polysulfobetain or polycarbobetain[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2015,494:57-67.
[31]Tang Y P,Cai T,Loh D,et al.Construction of antifouling lumen surface on a poly(vinylidene fluoride)hollow fiber membrane via a zwitterionic graft copolymerization strategy[J].Sep.Purif.Technol.,2017,176:294-305.
[32]杨庆.PVDF超滤膜低温等离子体改性及其在MBR中的耐污染性能研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2015.Yang Q.Study on modification of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane treated with low temperature plasma and its antifouling performance in MBR[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2015.
[33]Chang Y,Chang W J,Shih Y J,et al.Zwitterionic sulfobetaine-grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)membrane with highly effective blood compatibility via atmospheric plasma-induced surface copolymerization[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2011,3:1228-1237.
[34]Li M Z,Li J H,Shao X S,et al.Grafting zwitterionic brush on the surface of PVDF membrane using physisorbed free radical grafting technique[J].J.Membr.Sci.2012,405:141-148.
[35]Li J H,Zhang D B,Ni X X,et al.Excellent hydrophilic and antibacterial fouling PVDF membrane based on Ag nanoparticle self-assembled PCBMA polymer brush[J].Chin.J.Polym.Sci.,2017,35:809-822.
[36]Yue W W,Li H J,Xiang T,et al.Grafting of zwitterion from polysulfone membrane via surface-initiated ATRP with enhanced antifouling property and biocompatibility[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2013,446:79-91.
[37]Han Y,Song S J,Lu Y,et al.A method to modify PVDFmicrofilration membrane via ATRP with low-temperature plasma pretreatment[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2016,379:474-479.
[38]Chiang Y C,Chang Y,Higuchi A,et al.Sulfobetaine-grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)ultrafiltration membranes exhibit antifouling property[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2009,339:151-159.
[39]刘媛,基于表面偏析功能化超滤膜的制备及其性能研究[D].天津:天津大学,2015.Liu Y.Study on the performance of functional ultrafiltration membranes fabricated by surface segregation[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2015.
[40]Sun Q,Su Y L,Ma X L,et al.Improved antifouling property of zwitterionic ultrafiltration membrane composed of acrylonitrile and sulfobetaine copolymer[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2006,285:299-305.
[41]Kaner P,Rubakh E,Kim Do H,et al.Zwitterion-containing polymer additives for fouling resistant ultrafiltration membranes[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2017,533:141-159.
[42]Zhang G F,Gao F,Zhang Q H,et al.Enhanced oil-fouling resistance of poly(ether sulfone)membranes by incorporation of novel amphiphilic zwitterionic copolymers[J].RSC Adv.2016,6:7532-7543.
[43]Hafiz Z S,Asif M,Zafarullah K,et al.Surface modification of reverse osmosis membranes with zwitterionic coatings:a potential strategy for control of biofouling[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,2015,279:171-179.
[44]Hafiz Z S,Asif M,Sultan A,et al.Organic fouling in surface modified reverse osmosis membranes:filtration studies and subsequent morphological and compositional characterization[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2017,527:152-163.
[45]Zhu L J,Liu F,Yu X M,et al.Surface zwitterionization of hemocompatible poly(lactic acid)membranes for hemodiafiltration[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2015,475:469-479.
[46]Douglas M D,Jongho L,Menachem E.Efficacy of antifouling modification of ultrafiltration membranes by grafting zwitterionic polymer brushes[J].Sep.Purif.Technol.,2017,189:389-398.
[47]Liu C H,Lee J,Ma J,et al.Antifouling thin-film composite membranes by controlled architecture of zwitterionic polymer brush layer[J].ACS Environ.Sci.Technol.,2017,51:2161-2169.
[48]An Q F,Sun W D,Zhao Q,et al.Study on a novel nanofiltration membrane prepared by interfacial polymerization with zwitterionic amine monomers[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2013,431:171-179.
[49]Weng X D,Ji Y L Ma R,et al.Superhydrophilic and antibacterial zwitterionic polyamide nanofiltration membranes for antibiotics separation[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2016,510:122-130.
[50]Ma R,Ji Y L,Weng X D,et al.High-flux and fouling-resistant reverse osmosis membrane prepared with incorporating zwitterionic amine monomers via interfacial polymerization[J].Desalination,2016,381:100-110.
[51]An Q F,Ji Y L,Hung W S,et al.AMOC positron annihilation study of zwitterionic nanofiltration membranes:correlation between fine structure and ultrahigh permeability[J].Marcromolecules,2013,46:2228-2234.
[2]朱军勇.高通量、耐污染荷电滤复合膜制备及其脱盐性能研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2015.Zhu J Y.Fabrication of high flux,fouling resistant of charged nanofiltration composite membranes for salts permeation[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University,2015.
[3]Venault A,Ballad M R B,Huang Y T,et al.Antifouling PVDFmembrane prepared by VIPS for microalgae harvesting[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2016,142:97-111.
[4]Tripathi B P,Das P,Simon F,et al.Ultralow fouling membranes by surface modification with functional polydopamine[J].Eur.Polym.J.,2018,99:80-89.
[5]Chew N G P,Zhao S S,Malde C,et al.Superoleophobic surface modification for robust membrane distillation performance[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2017,541:162-173.
[6]Kochkodan V,Johnson D J,Hilal N.Polymeric membranes:surface modification for minimizing(bio)colloidal fouling[J].Adv.Colloid Interface Sci.,2014,206:116-140.
[7]Zhang Y,Wan Y,Pan G Y,et al.Surface modification of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane with organic-inorganic hybrid material for antifouling[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2018,433:139-148.
[8]Gombotz W R,Wang G H,Horbett T A,et al.Protein adsorption topoly(rthylene oxide)surfaces[J].J.Biomed.Mater.Res.,1991,25:1547-1562.
[9]Shen M,Martinson L,Wagner M S,et al.PEO-like plasma polymerized tetraglyme surface interactions with leukocytes and proteins:in vitro and in vivo studies[J].J.Biomater.Sci.,Polym.Ed.,2002,13:367-390.
[10]Milena G K,Thomas G B.Biofouling resistance of polysulfobetaine coated reverse osmosis membranes[J].Desalination,2015,369:37-45.
[11]Zhang D Y,Hao Q,Liu J,et al.Antifouling polyimide membrane with grafted silver nanoparticles and zwitterion[J].Sep.Purif.Technol.,2018,192:230-239.
[12]Song W L,Li Z P,Li Y Z,et al.Facile sol-gel coating process for anti-biofouling modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride)microfiltration membrane based on novel zwitterionic organosilica[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2018,550:266-277.
[13]慈吉良,康宏亮,刘晨光,等.两性离子聚合物的抗蛋白质吸附机理及其应用[J].化学进展,2015,27(9):1198-1212.Ci J L,Kang H L,Liu C G,et al.Protein resistance adsorption mechanism and applications of zwitterionic polymers[J].Progress in Chemistry,2015,27(9):1198-1212.
[14]Chen S F,Li L Y,Zhao C,et al.Surface hydration:principles and applications toward low-fouling/nonfouling biomaterials[J].Polymer2010,51:5283-5293.
[15]何晓燕,周文瑞,徐晓君,等.两性离子聚合物的合成及应用[J].化学进展,2013,25(6):1023-1030.He X Y,Zhou W R,Xu X J,et al.Preparation and application of zwitterionic polymers[J].Progress in Chemistry,2013,25(6):1023-1030.
[16]Xuan F Q,Liu J S.Preparation,characterization and application of zwitterionic polymers and membranes:current developments and perspective[J].Polym.Int.,2009,58(12):1350-1361.
[17]KoberIe P,Laschewsky A.The structural order of some novel ionic polymers,X-ray scattering studies[J].Makromol.Chem.,1992,193:1815-1827.
[18]Grooth J D,Ogieglo W,Vos W M D,et al.Swelling dynamics of zwitterionic copolymes:the effects of concentration and type of anion and cation[J].Eur.Polym.J.,2014,55:57-65.
[19]Zhang Z Y,Madsen J,Warren N,et al.Influence of salt on the solution dynamics of a phosphorylcholine-based polyzwitterion[J].Eur.Polym.J.,2017,87:449-457.
[20]张健,张黎明,李健,等.无机盐对水溶液中两性离子聚合物分子线团尺寸的影响[J].油田化学,1998,15(2):105-108.Zhang J,Zhang LM,Li J,et al.Influence of inorganic salts on molecular coild dimensions of amphoteric polymers[J].Oilfield Chemistry,1998,15(2):105-108.
[21]Leng C,Sun S W,Zhang K X,et al.Molecular level studies on interfacial hydration of zwitterionic and other antifouling polyers in situ[J].Acta Biomater.,2016,40:6-15.
[22]Wu J,Lin W F,Wang Z,et al.Investigation of the Hydration of nonfouling material poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance[J].Langmuir,2012,28:7436-7441.
[23]Andre L.Structures and synthesis of zwitterionic polymer[J].Polymers,2014,6:1544-1601.
[24]桂张良,安全福,曾俊焘,等.含磺酸甜菜碱两性离子共聚物P(AM-co-VPPS)的合成及盐溶液性质[J].高分子学报,2009(4):363-368.Gui Z L,An Q F,Zeng J S,et al.Sythesisi and salt solution properties of zwitterionic copolymer P(AM-co-VPPS)containing sulfobetaine groups[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2009(4):363-368.
[25]Ji Y L,An Q F,Zhao Q,et al.Novel composite nanofiltration membranes containing zwitterions with high permeate flux and improved anti-fouling performance[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2012,390/391:243-253.
[26]Abhishek K,Nazia T,Meenakshi S.Surface photografting of novel sulfobetaine copolymers on silica[J].Mater.Sci.Appl.,2012,3:467-477.
[27]Yan M Q,Yang H J,Zhang G Z.Synthesis and properties of antifouling poly(CL-co-zDMAEMA)zwitterionic copolymer by onestep hybrid copolymerization[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,C,2015,51:189-195.
[28]He M G,Gao K,Zhou L J,et al.Zwitterionic materials for antifouling membrane surface construction[J].Acta Biomater.,2016,40:142-152.
[29]Yamagishi H,Crivello J V,Belfort G.Development of a novel photochemical technique for modify poly(arylsulfone)ultrafiltration membranes[J].J.Membr.Sci.,1995,14:256-265.
[30]Birkner M,Ulbricht M.Ultrafiltration membranes with markedly different pH-and ion-responsivity by photografted zwitterionic polysulfobetain or polycarbobetain[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2015,494:57-67.
[31]Tang Y P,Cai T,Loh D,et al.Construction of antifouling lumen surface on a poly(vinylidene fluoride)hollow fiber membrane via a zwitterionic graft copolymerization strategy[J].Sep.Purif.Technol.,2017,176:294-305.
[32]杨庆.PVDF超滤膜低温等离子体改性及其在MBR中的耐污染性能研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2015.Yang Q.Study on modification of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane treated with low temperature plasma and its antifouling performance in MBR[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2015.
[33]Chang Y,Chang W J,Shih Y J,et al.Zwitterionic sulfobetaine-grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)membrane with highly effective blood compatibility via atmospheric plasma-induced surface copolymerization[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2011,3:1228-1237.
[34]Li M Z,Li J H,Shao X S,et al.Grafting zwitterionic brush on the surface of PVDF membrane using physisorbed free radical grafting technique[J].J.Membr.Sci.2012,405:141-148.
[35]Li J H,Zhang D B,Ni X X,et al.Excellent hydrophilic and antibacterial fouling PVDF membrane based on Ag nanoparticle self-assembled PCBMA polymer brush[J].Chin.J.Polym.Sci.,2017,35:809-822.
[36]Yue W W,Li H J,Xiang T,et al.Grafting of zwitterion from polysulfone membrane via surface-initiated ATRP with enhanced antifouling property and biocompatibility[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2013,446:79-91.
[37]Han Y,Song S J,Lu Y,et al.A method to modify PVDFmicrofilration membrane via ATRP with low-temperature plasma pretreatment[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2016,379:474-479.
[38]Chiang Y C,Chang Y,Higuchi A,et al.Sulfobetaine-grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)ultrafiltration membranes exhibit antifouling property[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2009,339:151-159.
[39]刘媛,基于表面偏析功能化超滤膜的制备及其性能研究[D].天津:天津大学,2015.Liu Y.Study on the performance of functional ultrafiltration membranes fabricated by surface segregation[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2015.
[40]Sun Q,Su Y L,Ma X L,et al.Improved antifouling property of zwitterionic ultrafiltration membrane composed of acrylonitrile and sulfobetaine copolymer[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2006,285:299-305.
[41]Kaner P,Rubakh E,Kim Do H,et al.Zwitterion-containing polymer additives for fouling resistant ultrafiltration membranes[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2017,533:141-159.
[42]Zhang G F,Gao F,Zhang Q H,et al.Enhanced oil-fouling resistance of poly(ether sulfone)membranes by incorporation of novel amphiphilic zwitterionic copolymers[J].RSC Adv.2016,6:7532-7543.
[43]Hafiz Z S,Asif M,Zafarullah K,et al.Surface modification of reverse osmosis membranes with zwitterionic coatings:a potential strategy for control of biofouling[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,2015,279:171-179.
[44]Hafiz Z S,Asif M,Sultan A,et al.Organic fouling in surface modified reverse osmosis membranes:filtration studies and subsequent morphological and compositional characterization[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2017,527:152-163.
[45]Zhu L J,Liu F,Yu X M,et al.Surface zwitterionization of hemocompatible poly(lactic acid)membranes for hemodiafiltration[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2015,475:469-479.
[46]Douglas M D,Jongho L,Menachem E.Efficacy of antifouling modification of ultrafiltration membranes by grafting zwitterionic polymer brushes[J].Sep.Purif.Technol.,2017,189:389-398.
[47]Liu C H,Lee J,Ma J,et al.Antifouling thin-film composite membranes by controlled architecture of zwitterionic polymer brush layer[J].ACS Environ.Sci.Technol.,2017,51:2161-2169.
[48]An Q F,Sun W D,Zhao Q,et al.Study on a novel nanofiltration membrane prepared by interfacial polymerization with zwitterionic amine monomers[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2013,431:171-179.
[49]Weng X D,Ji Y L Ma R,et al.Superhydrophilic and antibacterial zwitterionic polyamide nanofiltration membranes for antibiotics separation[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2016,510:122-130.
[50]Ma R,Ji Y L,Weng X D,et al.High-flux and fouling-resistant reverse osmosis membrane prepared with incorporating zwitterionic amine monomers via interfacial polymerization[J].Desalination,2016,381:100-110.
[51]An Q F,Ji Y L,Hung W S,et al.AMOC positron annihilation study of zwitterionic nanofiltration membranes:correlation between fine structure and ultrahigh permeability[J].Marcromolecules,2013,46:2228-2234.