企业进入规制成本水平的内生性解释
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摘要
企业规制成本是由企业承担的对政府规制的服从成本,不同经济体的企业规制成本存在很大差异,其中规制框架和实施的制度安排是一个非常重要的原因。本文以进入规制为例,分析了影响企业规制成本水平的内生性因素,基于大容量的跨国面板数据建立了一个结构方程模型,从统计学角度探讨了政府规制的框架设计和实施特征二者与企业规制成本之间的关系路径和作用强度,并结合中国实际分析了研究的政策含义。
The regulation costs is compliance costs to government regulation burdened by enterprises,and level of regulation costs existed big difference in different economies,the important reason is the different arrangements of institutional framework and implementation.In this paper,we analyzed the endogenous reasons of the regulation costs with entry regulation as an example firstly;then with a SEM modeling on cross-country data,explored the causal relationship path and effecting intensity between the features of government regulation framework and implementation and rcgulation costs of enterprises quantitatively;and explained its policy implications combined with the actual situation in China.
The regulation costs is compliance costs to government regulation burdened by enterprises,and level of regulation costs existed big difference in different economies,the important reason is the different arrangements of institutional framework and implementation.In this paper,we analyzed the endogenous reasons of the regulation costs with entry regulation as an example firstly;then with a SEM modeling on cross-country data,explored the causal relationship path and effecting intensity between the features of government regulation framework and implementation and rcgulation costs of enterprises quantitatively;and explained its policy implications combined with the actual situation in China.
引文
[1]金玉国.进入规制的强度差异及其原因-基于跨国数据的实证研究[J].财经研究,2011(09):101-111.
[2]金玉国.营业准入的程序成本及其制度效应[J].经济学家,2010(03):50-57.
[3]金玉国.全球中小企业反规制进程及其因素分解[J].统计研究,2011(03):65-72.
[4][日]植草益.政府规制经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社,1992.
[5][英]阿克顿勋爵.自由与权力[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.
[6]De Soto,Hernando.The Other Path[M].New York:Harper&Row.1989.
[7]Djankov,et al.The Regulation of Entry[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2002,Vol.117,(1):1-37.
[8]La Porta,et al.The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins[J].Journal of Economic Literature,2008,46(2):285-332.
[9]Zylbersztajn,Decio,Carolina Graca.Costs of Business Formalization:Measuring Transaction Costs in Brazil[R].ISNIE Paper,2002.
①“营业准入”与“市场准入”是有联系但不完全相同的概念。市场准入常用于一国或某特定地区对外国或外地之商品、服务、资本进入本国或本地市场的限制、开放程度,其外延较营业准入小得多。
②DB调查中有关“开办企业”的设定见http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/StartingBusiness.aspx.
③DB调查的历史数据在IFC官方网站(http://www.doingbusiness.org/)上公开发布。
①“民主指数”是英国《经济学家》杂志社下属的“经济学家智库”(EIU)组织研究和发布的政治生活的量化指数。该指数由选举程序与多样性、政府运作、政治参与、政治文化和公民自由5个指标合成。
②“腐败观感指数(CPI)”是透明国际(TI)发布的用于综合衡量公共领域或权力腐败频度及贿赂多寡的综合指数。CPI采用10分制,0分表示最腐败,0~2.5则为极端腐败,2.5~5.0为严重腐败,5.0~8.0为轻微腐败,8.0~10.0表示比较廉洁,10分为最廉洁。
[2]金玉国.营业准入的程序成本及其制度效应[J].经济学家,2010(03):50-57.
[3]金玉国.全球中小企业反规制进程及其因素分解[J].统计研究,2011(03):65-72.
[4][日]植草益.政府规制经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社,1992.
[5][英]阿克顿勋爵.自由与权力[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.
[6]De Soto,Hernando.The Other Path[M].New York:Harper&Row.1989.
[7]Djankov,et al.The Regulation of Entry[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2002,Vol.117,(1):1-37.
[8]La Porta,et al.The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins[J].Journal of Economic Literature,2008,46(2):285-332.
[9]Zylbersztajn,Decio,Carolina Graca.Costs of Business Formalization:Measuring Transaction Costs in Brazil[R].ISNIE Paper,2002.
①“营业准入”与“市场准入”是有联系但不完全相同的概念。市场准入常用于一国或某特定地区对外国或外地之商品、服务、资本进入本国或本地市场的限制、开放程度,其外延较营业准入小得多。
②DB调查中有关“开办企业”的设定见http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/StartingBusiness.aspx.
③DB调查的历史数据在IFC官方网站(http://www.doingbusiness.org/)上公开发布。
①“民主指数”是英国《经济学家》杂志社下属的“经济学家智库”(EIU)组织研究和发布的政治生活的量化指数。该指数由选举程序与多样性、政府运作、政治参与、政治文化和公民自由5个指标合成。
②“腐败观感指数(CPI)”是透明国际(TI)发布的用于综合衡量公共领域或权力腐败频度及贿赂多寡的综合指数。CPI采用10分制,0分表示最腐败,0~2.5则为极端腐败,2.5~5.0为严重腐败,5.0~8.0为轻微腐败,8.0~10.0表示比较廉洁,10分为最廉洁。