员工反馈寻求行为与工作满意度:导师指导视角的作用机制
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摘要
反馈寻求作为员工获取有价值信息的关键方法 ,对员工工作满意度有着积极的作用。然而,现有文献在反馈寻求行为与工作满意度的具体作用机制方面缺乏深入的探讨。本研究从导师指导(职业支持、社会心理支持、角色榜样)的角度出发,通过理论分析和实证检验,考察反馈寻求行为对工作满意度的影响,以及绩效动机在反馈寻求行为与导师指导关系中的调节作用。基于309份员工调查问卷,研究结果表明:反馈寻求行为对工作满意度存在显著正向影响;职业支持和角色榜样在反馈寻求行为与工作满意度之间具有中介作用;绩效动机则在反馈寻求行为与职业支持、社会心理支持之间起到调节作用,高绩效动机会强化反馈寻求行为与职业支持、社会心理支持之间的正向关系。
As the important method to get valuable information for employee, feedback seeking behavior has positive effect on job satisfaction. However, the mechanism between feedback seeking behavior and job satisfaction has not got enough and deep discussions in previous literatures. This paper starts from the perspective of mentoring functions(career support, psychosocial support and role model), studying the effect of feedback seeking behavior on job satisfaction and the effects of performance motivation on the relationships between feedback seeking behavior and mentoring functions. Based on 309 employee questionnaire data, the results indicate: feedback seeking behavior has significantly positive effect on job satisfaction; career support and role model mediate the relationship between feedback seeking behavior and job satisfaction; and performance motivation has moderation effects on the relationship between feedback seeking behavior and career/psychosocial support. High performance motivation enhances the positive effects of feedback seeking behavior on career support and psychosocial support.
As the important method to get valuable information for employee, feedback seeking behavior has positive effect on job satisfaction. However, the mechanism between feedback seeking behavior and job satisfaction has not got enough and deep discussions in previous literatures. This paper starts from the perspective of mentoring functions(career support, psychosocial support and role model), studying the effect of feedback seeking behavior on job satisfaction and the effects of performance motivation on the relationships between feedback seeking behavior and mentoring functions. Based on 309 employee questionnaire data, the results indicate: feedback seeking behavior has significantly positive effect on job satisfaction; career support and role model mediate the relationship between feedback seeking behavior and job satisfaction; and performance motivation has moderation effects on the relationship between feedback seeking behavior and career/psychosocial support. High performance motivation enhances the positive effects of feedback seeking behavior on career support and psychosocial support.
引文
1.王忠,张琳.(2010).个人-组织匹配、工作满意度与员工离职意向关系的实证研究.管理学报,7(3),379-385.
2 .温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.(2005).调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用.心理学报,37(2),268-274.
3 .向常春,龙立荣.(2012).组织中信息寻求的动机及其影响因素.心理科学进展,20(2),283-291.
4 .张燕红,马金平,廖建桥.(2017).动机视角的组织中反馈寻求行为研究.武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版),19(1),102-107.
5 .张燕红,廖建桥.(2015).团队真实型领导、新员工反馈寻求行为与社会化结果.管理科学,28(2),126-136.
6 .张燕红,廖建桥.(2014).组织中的反馈寻求行为研究述评与展望.外国经济与管理,36(4),47-56.
7 .Allen,T.D.(2002).Mentoring others:A dispositional and motivational approach.Journal of Vocational Behavior,62(1),134-154.
8 .Allen,T.D.,Eby,L.T.,Poteet,M.L.,Lentz,E.,&Lima,L.(2004).Career benefits associated with mentoring for protégés:A meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,89(1),127-136.
9 .Allen,T.D.,&Rush,M.C.(1998).The effects of organizational citizenship behavior on performance judgments:A field study and a laboratory experiment.Journal of Applied Psychology,83(2),247-260.
10 .Anseel,F.,Beatty,A.S.,Shen,W.,Lievens,F.,&Sackett,P.R.(2015).How are we doing after 30 years?A meta-analytic review of the antecedents and outcomes of feedback-seeking behavior.Journal of Management,41(1),318-348.
11 .Anseel,F.,&Lievens,F.(2007).The relationship between uncertainty and desire for feedback:A test of competing hypotheses.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,37(5),1007-1040.
12 .Ashford,S.J.(1986).Feedback-seeking in individual adaptation:A resource perspective.Academy of Management Journal,29(3),465-487.
13 .Ashford,S.J.,Blatt,R.,&Vandewalle,D.(2003).Reflections on the looking glass:A review of research on feedback-seeking behavior in organizations.Journal of Management,29(6),773-799.
14 .Ashford,S.J.,&Cummings,L.L.(1983).Feedback as an individual resource:Personal strategies of creating information.Organizational Behavior&Human Performance,32(3),370-398.
15 .Ashford,S.J.,&Tsui,A.S.(1991).Self-regulation for managerial effectiveness:The role of active feedback seeking.Academy of Management Journal,34(2),251-280.
16 .Baron,R.M.,&Kenny,D.A.(1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51(6),1173-1182.
17 .Blickle,G.,Witzki,A.H.,&Schneider,P.B.(2009).Mentoring support and power:A three year predictive field study on protégénetworking and career success.Journal of Vocational Behavior,74(2),181-189.
18 .Bozionelos,N.&Wang,L.(2006).The relationship of mentoring and network resources with career success in the Chinese organizational environment.International Journal of Human Resource Management,17(9),1531-1546.
19 .Cammann,C.,Fishman,M.,&Klesh,J.R.(1983).Assessing the attitudes and perceptions of organizational members.New York:Sage
20 .Chandler,D.E.,Kram,K.E.,&Yip,J.(2011).An ecological systems perspective on mentoring at work:A review and future prospects.Academy of Management Annals,5(1),519-570.
21 .Cheramie,R.(2013).An examination of feedback-seeking behaviors,the feedback source and career success.Career Development International,18(7),712-731.
22 .Crant,J.M.(2000).Proactive behavior in organizations.Journal of Management,26(3),435-462.
23 .Crommelinck,M.,&Anseel,F.(2013).Understanding and encouraging feedback-seeking behaviour:A literature review.Medical Education,47(3),232-241.
24 .Day,D.V.,&Crain,E.C.(1992).The role of affect and ability in initial exchange quality perceptions.Group&Organization Management,17(4),380-397.
25 .Dienesch,R.M.,&Liden,R.C.(1986).Leader-member exchange model of leadership:A critique and further development.Academy of management Review,11(3),618-634.
26 .Eby,L.T.,Durley,J.R.,Evans,S.C.,&Ragins,B.R.(2006).The relationship between short-term mentoring benefits and long-term mentor outcomes.Journal of Vocational Behavior,69(3),424-444.
27 .Farh,J.L.,&Cheng,B.S.(2000).A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations.London:Sage.
28 .Graen,G.B.,&Uhlbien,M.(1995).Relationship-based approach to leadership development of leader-member exchange(LMX)theory of leadership over 25 years:Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective.Leadership Quarterly,6(2),219-247.
29 .George B.Graen Mitsuru Wakabayashi Michael R.Graen Martin G.Graen.(1990).International generalizability of American hypotheses about Japanese management progress:A strong inference investigation.Leadership Quarterly,1(1),1-24.
30 .Green,S.G.,&Mitchell,T.R.(1979).Attributional processes of leaders in leader-member interactions.Organizational Behavior&Human Performance,23(3),429-458.
31 .Hays,J.C.,&Williams,J.R.(2011).Testing multiple motives in feedback seeking:The interaction of instrumentality and self-protection motives.Journal of Vocational Behavior,79(2),496-504.
32 .Hayes,A.F.(2013).Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:A regression-based approach.Journal of Educational Measurement,51(3),335-337.
33 .Hepper,E.G.,&Carnelley,K.B.(2010).Adult attachment and feedback-seeking patterns in relationships and work.European Journal of Social Psychology,40(3),448–464.
34 .Ilgen,D.R.,Fisher,C.D.,&Taylor,M.S.(1979).Consequences of individual feedback on behavior in organizations.Journal of Applied Psychology,64(4),349-371.
35 .Johnson,D.E.,Kiker,D.S.,Erez,A.,&Motowidlo,S.J.(2002).Liking and attributions of motives as mediators of the relationships between individuals'reputations,helpful behaviors and raters'reward decisions.Journal of Applied Psychology,87(4),808-815.
36 .Judge TA,Thoresen CJ,Bono JE,&Patton GK.(2001).The job satisfaction-job performance relationship:A qualitative and quantitative review.Psychological bulletin,127(3),376-407.
37 .Kacmar,K.M.,Witt,L.A.,Zivnuska,S.,&Gully,S.M.(2003).The interactive effect of leader-member exchange and communication frequency on performance ratings.Journal of Applied Psychology,88(4),764-772.
38 .Kammeyer-Mueller,J.D.,Livingston,B.A.,&Liao,H.(2011).Perceived similarity,proactive adjustment,and organizational socialization.Journal of Vocational Behavior,78(2),225-236.
39 .Kelley,H.H.(1967).Attribution theory in social psychology,Nebraska Symposium on Motivation,15,192-238.
40 .Koberg,C.S.,Boss,R.W.,Chappell,D.,&Ringer,R.C.(1994).Correlates and consequences of protege mentoring in a large hospital.Group&Organization Management,19(2),219-239.
41 .Kram,K.E.(1985).Mentoring at work:Developmental relationships in organizational life.Administrative Science Quarterly,30(3),232-242.
42 .Lam,W.,Huang,X.,&Snape,E.(2007).Feedback-seeking behavior and leader-member exchange:Do supervisor-attributed motives matter?Academy of Management Journal,50(2),348-363.
43 .Liang,J.,&Gong,Y.(2013).Capitalizing on proactivity for informal mentoring received during early career:The moderating role of core self-evaluations.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(8),1182-1201.
44 .London,M.,&Smither,J.W.(2002).Feedback orientation,feedback culture,and the longitudinal performance management process.Human Resource Management Review,12(1),81-100.
45.Morrison,E.W.,&Bies,R.J.(1991).Impression management in the feedback-seeking process:A literature review and research agenda.Academy of Management Review,16(3),522-541.
46 .Morrison,E.W.(2010).Information seeking within organizations.Human Communication Research,28(2),229-242.
47 .Murphy,S.E.,&Ensher,E.A.(2001).The role of mentoring support and self-management strategies on reported career outcomes.Journal of Career Development,27(4),229-246.
48 .Podsakoff,P.M.,Mackenzie,S.B.,Lee,J.Y.,&Podsakoff,N.P.(2003).Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,88(5),879-903.
49 .Ragins,B.R.,&Kram,K.E.(2007).The handbook of mentoring at work:Theory,research,and practice.London:Sage.
50 .Rosen,C.C.,Levy,P.E.,&Hall,R.J.(2006).Placing perceptions of politics in the context of the feedback environment,employee attitudes,and job performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,91(1),211-220.
51 .Russell,J.E.A.,&Adams,D.M.(1997).The changing nature of mentoring in organizations:An introduction to the special issue on mentoring in organizations.Journal of Vocational Behavior,51(1),1-14.
52 .Scandura,T.A.(1992).Mentorship and career mobility:an empirical investigation.Journal of Organizational Behavior,13(2),169-174.
53 .Scandura,T.A.,&Ragins,B.R.(1993).The effects of sex and gender role orientation on mentorship in male-dominated occupations.Journal of Vocational Behavior,43(3),251-265.
54 .Thacker,R.A.,&Stoner,J.(2012).Supervisors'instrumental and emotional influences on subordinate help-seeking behavior:An exploratory study.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,42(1),40-61.
55 .Vande Walle D,Ganesan S,Challagalla GN,&Brown SP.(2000).An integrated model of feedback-seeking behavior:Disposition,context,and cognition.Journal of Applied Psychology,85(6),996-1003.
56 .Viator,R.E.,&Scandura,T.A.(1991).A study of mentor-protégérelationships in large public accounting firms.Accounting Horizons,5(3),20-30.
57 .Wanberg,C.,&Kammeyer,J.(2006).Mentor and protégépredictors and outcomes of mentoring in a formal mentoring program,”.Journal of Vocational Behavior,69(3),410-423.
58 .Wanberg,C.R.,Welsh,E.T.,&Hezlett,S.A.(2003).Mentoring research:A review and dynamic process model.Research in Personnel&Human Resources Management,22(3),39-124.
2 .温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.(2005).调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用.心理学报,37(2),268-274.
3 .向常春,龙立荣.(2012).组织中信息寻求的动机及其影响因素.心理科学进展,20(2),283-291.
4 .张燕红,马金平,廖建桥.(2017).动机视角的组织中反馈寻求行为研究.武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版),19(1),102-107.
5 .张燕红,廖建桥.(2015).团队真实型领导、新员工反馈寻求行为与社会化结果.管理科学,28(2),126-136.
6 .张燕红,廖建桥.(2014).组织中的反馈寻求行为研究述评与展望.外国经济与管理,36(4),47-56.
7 .Allen,T.D.(2002).Mentoring others:A dispositional and motivational approach.Journal of Vocational Behavior,62(1),134-154.
8 .Allen,T.D.,Eby,L.T.,Poteet,M.L.,Lentz,E.,&Lima,L.(2004).Career benefits associated with mentoring for protégés:A meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,89(1),127-136.
9 .Allen,T.D.,&Rush,M.C.(1998).The effects of organizational citizenship behavior on performance judgments:A field study and a laboratory experiment.Journal of Applied Psychology,83(2),247-260.
10 .Anseel,F.,Beatty,A.S.,Shen,W.,Lievens,F.,&Sackett,P.R.(2015).How are we doing after 30 years?A meta-analytic review of the antecedents and outcomes of feedback-seeking behavior.Journal of Management,41(1),318-348.
11 .Anseel,F.,&Lievens,F.(2007).The relationship between uncertainty and desire for feedback:A test of competing hypotheses.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,37(5),1007-1040.
12 .Ashford,S.J.(1986).Feedback-seeking in individual adaptation:A resource perspective.Academy of Management Journal,29(3),465-487.
13 .Ashford,S.J.,Blatt,R.,&Vandewalle,D.(2003).Reflections on the looking glass:A review of research on feedback-seeking behavior in organizations.Journal of Management,29(6),773-799.
14 .Ashford,S.J.,&Cummings,L.L.(1983).Feedback as an individual resource:Personal strategies of creating information.Organizational Behavior&Human Performance,32(3),370-398.
15 .Ashford,S.J.,&Tsui,A.S.(1991).Self-regulation for managerial effectiveness:The role of active feedback seeking.Academy of Management Journal,34(2),251-280.
16 .Baron,R.M.,&Kenny,D.A.(1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51(6),1173-1182.
17 .Blickle,G.,Witzki,A.H.,&Schneider,P.B.(2009).Mentoring support and power:A three year predictive field study on protégénetworking and career success.Journal of Vocational Behavior,74(2),181-189.
18 .Bozionelos,N.&Wang,L.(2006).The relationship of mentoring and network resources with career success in the Chinese organizational environment.International Journal of Human Resource Management,17(9),1531-1546.
19 .Cammann,C.,Fishman,M.,&Klesh,J.R.(1983).Assessing the attitudes and perceptions of organizational members.New York:Sage
20 .Chandler,D.E.,Kram,K.E.,&Yip,J.(2011).An ecological systems perspective on mentoring at work:A review and future prospects.Academy of Management Annals,5(1),519-570.
21 .Cheramie,R.(2013).An examination of feedback-seeking behaviors,the feedback source and career success.Career Development International,18(7),712-731.
22 .Crant,J.M.(2000).Proactive behavior in organizations.Journal of Management,26(3),435-462.
23 .Crommelinck,M.,&Anseel,F.(2013).Understanding and encouraging feedback-seeking behaviour:A literature review.Medical Education,47(3),232-241.
24 .Day,D.V.,&Crain,E.C.(1992).The role of affect and ability in initial exchange quality perceptions.Group&Organization Management,17(4),380-397.
25 .Dienesch,R.M.,&Liden,R.C.(1986).Leader-member exchange model of leadership:A critique and further development.Academy of management Review,11(3),618-634.
26 .Eby,L.T.,Durley,J.R.,Evans,S.C.,&Ragins,B.R.(2006).The relationship between short-term mentoring benefits and long-term mentor outcomes.Journal of Vocational Behavior,69(3),424-444.
27 .Farh,J.L.,&Cheng,B.S.(2000).A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations.London:Sage.
28 .Graen,G.B.,&Uhlbien,M.(1995).Relationship-based approach to leadership development of leader-member exchange(LMX)theory of leadership over 25 years:Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective.Leadership Quarterly,6(2),219-247.
29 .George B.Graen Mitsuru Wakabayashi Michael R.Graen Martin G.Graen.(1990).International generalizability of American hypotheses about Japanese management progress:A strong inference investigation.Leadership Quarterly,1(1),1-24.
30 .Green,S.G.,&Mitchell,T.R.(1979).Attributional processes of leaders in leader-member interactions.Organizational Behavior&Human Performance,23(3),429-458.
31 .Hays,J.C.,&Williams,J.R.(2011).Testing multiple motives in feedback seeking:The interaction of instrumentality and self-protection motives.Journal of Vocational Behavior,79(2),496-504.
32 .Hayes,A.F.(2013).Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:A regression-based approach.Journal of Educational Measurement,51(3),335-337.
33 .Hepper,E.G.,&Carnelley,K.B.(2010).Adult attachment and feedback-seeking patterns in relationships and work.European Journal of Social Psychology,40(3),448–464.
34 .Ilgen,D.R.,Fisher,C.D.,&Taylor,M.S.(1979).Consequences of individual feedback on behavior in organizations.Journal of Applied Psychology,64(4),349-371.
35 .Johnson,D.E.,Kiker,D.S.,Erez,A.,&Motowidlo,S.J.(2002).Liking and attributions of motives as mediators of the relationships between individuals'reputations,helpful behaviors and raters'reward decisions.Journal of Applied Psychology,87(4),808-815.
36 .Judge TA,Thoresen CJ,Bono JE,&Patton GK.(2001).The job satisfaction-job performance relationship:A qualitative and quantitative review.Psychological bulletin,127(3),376-407.
37 .Kacmar,K.M.,Witt,L.A.,Zivnuska,S.,&Gully,S.M.(2003).The interactive effect of leader-member exchange and communication frequency on performance ratings.Journal of Applied Psychology,88(4),764-772.
38 .Kammeyer-Mueller,J.D.,Livingston,B.A.,&Liao,H.(2011).Perceived similarity,proactive adjustment,and organizational socialization.Journal of Vocational Behavior,78(2),225-236.
39 .Kelley,H.H.(1967).Attribution theory in social psychology,Nebraska Symposium on Motivation,15,192-238.
40 .Koberg,C.S.,Boss,R.W.,Chappell,D.,&Ringer,R.C.(1994).Correlates and consequences of protege mentoring in a large hospital.Group&Organization Management,19(2),219-239.
41 .Kram,K.E.(1985).Mentoring at work:Developmental relationships in organizational life.Administrative Science Quarterly,30(3),232-242.
42 .Lam,W.,Huang,X.,&Snape,E.(2007).Feedback-seeking behavior and leader-member exchange:Do supervisor-attributed motives matter?Academy of Management Journal,50(2),348-363.
43 .Liang,J.,&Gong,Y.(2013).Capitalizing on proactivity for informal mentoring received during early career:The moderating role of core self-evaluations.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(8),1182-1201.
44 .London,M.,&Smither,J.W.(2002).Feedback orientation,feedback culture,and the longitudinal performance management process.Human Resource Management Review,12(1),81-100.
45.Morrison,E.W.,&Bies,R.J.(1991).Impression management in the feedback-seeking process:A literature review and research agenda.Academy of Management Review,16(3),522-541.
46 .Morrison,E.W.(2010).Information seeking within organizations.Human Communication Research,28(2),229-242.
47 .Murphy,S.E.,&Ensher,E.A.(2001).The role of mentoring support and self-management strategies on reported career outcomes.Journal of Career Development,27(4),229-246.
48 .Podsakoff,P.M.,Mackenzie,S.B.,Lee,J.Y.,&Podsakoff,N.P.(2003).Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,88(5),879-903.
49 .Ragins,B.R.,&Kram,K.E.(2007).The handbook of mentoring at work:Theory,research,and practice.London:Sage.
50 .Rosen,C.C.,Levy,P.E.,&Hall,R.J.(2006).Placing perceptions of politics in the context of the feedback environment,employee attitudes,and job performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,91(1),211-220.
51 .Russell,J.E.A.,&Adams,D.M.(1997).The changing nature of mentoring in organizations:An introduction to the special issue on mentoring in organizations.Journal of Vocational Behavior,51(1),1-14.
52 .Scandura,T.A.(1992).Mentorship and career mobility:an empirical investigation.Journal of Organizational Behavior,13(2),169-174.
53 .Scandura,T.A.,&Ragins,B.R.(1993).The effects of sex and gender role orientation on mentorship in male-dominated occupations.Journal of Vocational Behavior,43(3),251-265.
54 .Thacker,R.A.,&Stoner,J.(2012).Supervisors'instrumental and emotional influences on subordinate help-seeking behavior:An exploratory study.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,42(1),40-61.
55 .Vande Walle D,Ganesan S,Challagalla GN,&Brown SP.(2000).An integrated model of feedback-seeking behavior:Disposition,context,and cognition.Journal of Applied Psychology,85(6),996-1003.
56 .Viator,R.E.,&Scandura,T.A.(1991).A study of mentor-protégérelationships in large public accounting firms.Accounting Horizons,5(3),20-30.
57 .Wanberg,C.,&Kammeyer,J.(2006).Mentor and protégépredictors and outcomes of mentoring in a formal mentoring program,”.Journal of Vocational Behavior,69(3),410-423.
58 .Wanberg,C.R.,Welsh,E.T.,&Hezlett,S.A.(2003).Mentoring research:A review and dynamic process model.Research in Personnel&Human Resources Management,22(3),39-124.