一种基于调节缓冲电容的IGBT热管理方法
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摘要
针对结温波动加快绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)老化失效的问题,提出一种基于调节缓冲电容改变IGBT关断轨迹的热管理方法。依据IGBT寿命模型,通过关断轨迹调节关断损耗大小以平滑结温波动的方法能提高IGBT使用寿命。与现有的热管理方法相比,该方法具有对主电路影响小、实现简单等优点。首先,阐述热管理电路的工作原理,分析缓冲电路对IGBT关断损耗的影响。然后,建立IGBT损耗计算模型,归纳关断轨迹热管理调节能力的评估方法,以1.2 MW直驱风机系统为例,关断轨迹热管理可以平滑20%额定功率的负载变化造成的结温波动。最后,对该热管理方法进行小功率的实验验证。
Aiming at the problem that the junction temperature fluctuation accelerates the aging failure of the insulated gate bipolar transistor( IGBT),a thermal management method based on adjusting the snubber capacitor to change the IGBT turn-off trajectory is proposed. According to the IGBT life model,the method of adjusting the turn-off loss by turning off trace to smooth the junction temperature fluctuation can improve the service life of the IGBT. Compared with the existing methods,this method has little influence on the main circuit and is easy to be implemented. The working principle of thermal management circuit was described,and the effect of snubber circuit to the loss of IGBT was analyzed. IGBT loss calculation model was established and the evaluation method for the thermal management adjustment ability of the turn-off trajectory was summarized. Taking 1. 2 MW direct wind turbine system as an example,20% load fluctuation can be smoothed by the thermal management. Finally,the experiment verification is done in a low power inverter.
Aiming at the problem that the junction temperature fluctuation accelerates the aging failure of the insulated gate bipolar transistor( IGBT),a thermal management method based on adjusting the snubber capacitor to change the IGBT turn-off trajectory is proposed. According to the IGBT life model,the method of adjusting the turn-off loss by turning off trace to smooth the junction temperature fluctuation can improve the service life of the IGBT. Compared with the existing methods,this method has little influence on the main circuit and is easy to be implemented. The working principle of thermal management circuit was described,and the effect of snubber circuit to the loss of IGBT was analyzed. IGBT loss calculation model was established and the evaluation method for the thermal management adjustment ability of the turn-off trajectory was summarized. Taking 1. 2 MW direct wind turbine system as an example,20% load fluctuation can be smoothed by the thermal management. Finally,the experiment verification is done in a low power inverter.
引文
[1]SONG Yantao,WANG Bingsen.Survey on reliability of power electronic systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(1):591.
[2]RIBRANT J,BERTLING L M.Survey of failures in wind power systems with focus on swedish wind power plants during 1997-2005[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):167.
[3]SPINATO F,TAVNER P J,VAN BUSSEL G J W,et al.Reliability of wind turbine subassemblies[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2009,3(4):387.
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[5]YANG S,BRYANT A,MAWBY P,et al.An industry-based survey of reliability in power electronic converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2011,47(3):1441.
[6]JI Bing,PICKERT V,CAO Wenping,et al.In situ diagnostics and prognostics of wire bonding faults in IGBT modules for electric vehicle drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(12):5568.
[7]JI Bing,SONG Xueguan,CAO Wenping,et al.In situ diagnostics and prognostics of solder fatigue in IGBT modules for electric vehicle drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(3):1535.
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[9]杜雄,李高显,李腾飞,等.风电变流器IGBT模块的多时间尺度寿命评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(23):6152.DU Xiong,LI Gaoxian,LI Tengfei,et al.Multi-time scale lifetime evaluation of IGBT module in the wind power converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(23):6152.
[10]MA K,HE N,LISERRE M,et al.Frequency-domain thermal modeling and characterization of power semiconductor devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(10):7183.
[11]ZHOU L,WU J,SUN P,et al.Junction temperature management of IGBT module in power electronic converters[J].Microelectronics Reliability,2014,54(12):2788.
[12]LUO H,IANNUZZO F,MA K,et al.Active gate driving method for reliability improvement of IGBTs via junction temperature swing reduction[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems,June 27-30,2016,Vancouver,Canada.2016:1-7.
[13]YU X,KHAMBADKONE A M,WANG H,et al.Control of parallel-connected power converters for low-voltage microgrid-Part I:a hybrid control architecture[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(12):2962.
[14]WANG H,KHAMBADKONE A M,YU X.Control of parallel connected power converters for low voltage microgrid-Part II:dynamic electrothermal modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(12):2971.
[15]白保东,陈德志,王鑫博.逆变器IGBT损耗计算及冷却装置设计[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(8):97.BAI Baodong,CHEN Dezhi,WANG Xinbo.Loss calculation of inverter IGBT and design of cooling device[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(8):97.
[16]MOHAN N,UNDELAND T M,ROBBINS W P.Power electronics:converters,applications,and design[M].3rd ed.New York:Wiley,2003.
[17]TRIVEDI M,SHENAI K.Modeling the turn-off of IGBT's in hard and soft-switching applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,1997,44(5):887.
[18]TRIVEDI M,PENDHARKAR S,SHENAI K.Switching characteristics of MCT's and IGBT's in power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,1996,43(11):1994.
[19]WIDJAJA I,KURNIA A,SHENAI K,et al.Switching dynamics of IGBTs in soft-switching converters[J].IEEE Transactions on E-lectron Devices,1995,42(3):445.
[20]PETTERTEIG A,LODE J,UNDELAND T M.IGBT turn-off losses for hard switching and with capacitive snubbers[C]//Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,September 28-October 4,1991,Dearborn,USA.1991:1501-1507.
[21]潘武略,徐政,张静,等.电压源换流器型直流输电换流器损耗分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(21):7.PAN Wulue,XU Zheng,ZHANG Jing,et al.Dissipation analysis of VSC-HVDC converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(21):7.
[2]RIBRANT J,BERTLING L M.Survey of failures in wind power systems with focus on swedish wind power plants during 1997-2005[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):167.
[3]SPINATO F,TAVNER P J,VAN BUSSEL G J W,et al.Reliability of wind turbine subassemblies[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2009,3(4):387.
[4]HELD M,JACOB P,NICOLETTI G,et al.Fast power cycling test of IGBT modules in traction application[C]//International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems,May 26-29,1997,Singapore,Singapore.1997:425-430.
[5]YANG S,BRYANT A,MAWBY P,et al.An industry-based survey of reliability in power electronic converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2011,47(3):1441.
[6]JI Bing,PICKERT V,CAO Wenping,et al.In situ diagnostics and prognostics of wire bonding faults in IGBT modules for electric vehicle drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(12):5568.
[7]JI Bing,SONG Xueguan,CAO Wenping,et al.In situ diagnostics and prognostics of solder fatigue in IGBT modules for electric vehicle drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(3):1535.
[8]REINHOLD B,TOBIAS H,et al.Model for power cycling lifetime of IGBT modules-various factors influencing lifetime[C]//International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems,March 11-13,2008,Nuremberg,Germany.2008:1-6.
[9]杜雄,李高显,李腾飞,等.风电变流器IGBT模块的多时间尺度寿命评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(23):6152.DU Xiong,LI Gaoxian,LI Tengfei,et al.Multi-time scale lifetime evaluation of IGBT module in the wind power converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(23):6152.
[10]MA K,HE N,LISERRE M,et al.Frequency-domain thermal modeling and characterization of power semiconductor devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(10):7183.
[11]ZHOU L,WU J,SUN P,et al.Junction temperature management of IGBT module in power electronic converters[J].Microelectronics Reliability,2014,54(12):2788.
[12]LUO H,IANNUZZO F,MA K,et al.Active gate driving method for reliability improvement of IGBTs via junction temperature swing reduction[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems,June 27-30,2016,Vancouver,Canada.2016:1-7.
[13]YU X,KHAMBADKONE A M,WANG H,et al.Control of parallel-connected power converters for low-voltage microgrid-Part I:a hybrid control architecture[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(12):2962.
[14]WANG H,KHAMBADKONE A M,YU X.Control of parallel connected power converters for low voltage microgrid-Part II:dynamic electrothermal modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(12):2971.
[15]白保东,陈德志,王鑫博.逆变器IGBT损耗计算及冷却装置设计[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(8):97.BAI Baodong,CHEN Dezhi,WANG Xinbo.Loss calculation of inverter IGBT and design of cooling device[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(8):97.
[16]MOHAN N,UNDELAND T M,ROBBINS W P.Power electronics:converters,applications,and design[M].3rd ed.New York:Wiley,2003.
[17]TRIVEDI M,SHENAI K.Modeling the turn-off of IGBT's in hard and soft-switching applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,1997,44(5):887.
[18]TRIVEDI M,PENDHARKAR S,SHENAI K.Switching characteristics of MCT's and IGBT's in power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,1996,43(11):1994.
[19]WIDJAJA I,KURNIA A,SHENAI K,et al.Switching dynamics of IGBTs in soft-switching converters[J].IEEE Transactions on E-lectron Devices,1995,42(3):445.
[20]PETTERTEIG A,LODE J,UNDELAND T M.IGBT turn-off losses for hard switching and with capacitive snubbers[C]//Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,September 28-October 4,1991,Dearborn,USA.1991:1501-1507.
[21]潘武略,徐政,张静,等.电压源换流器型直流输电换流器损耗分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(21):7.PAN Wulue,XU Zheng,ZHANG Jing,et al.Dissipation analysis of VSC-HVDC converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(21):7.