含铝温压炸药的爆炸能量结构研究
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摘要
为了研究黑索今(RDX)基含铝温压炸药的爆炸能量释放规律及爆炸能量输出结构,对5种含铝温压炸药的爆热和爆速进行了测试,利用绝热式爆热量热计测量了铝粉质量分数为30%的RDX基含铝温压炸药在真空、0.1 MPa氮气、0.1 MPa空气和1.0 MPa氧气环境下的爆炸能量,结合测试数据对试样的爆轰热、爆热和燃烧热进行理论计算。结果表明,RDX基含铝温压炸药的爆速随铝粉含量的增加而线性减小;爆热随铝粉含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在铝粉质量分数为40%时,爆热达到最大值。试样在真空、0.1 MPa氮气、0.1 MPa空气、1.0 MPa氧气环境下的爆炸能量逐渐增加,环境压力的增大和气氛环境中氧含量的增加都会提高炸药的爆炸能量,富氧环境下的爆炸能量可以定量地表征炸药的燃烧热。样品的爆轰热占燃烧热的9.8%～26.4%,爆热占燃烧热的34.5%～50.0%,且这两个参数都随铝粉含量的增加而降低。
In order to study the rules of explosive energy release and the structure of explosive energy output, the detonation heat and detonation velocity of five kinds of aluminized thermobaric explosives were measured. The explosion energy of RDX-based aluminized explosive containing 30%(mass fraction) Al was measured by adiabatic detonation calori-meter under different atmosphere: vacuum, 0.1 MPa nitrogen, 0.1 MPa air and 1.0 MPa oxygen. The heat of explosion and combustion were calculated theoretically. The results show that the detonation velocity reduce linearly with the increa-sing of aluminum content. The detonation heat increases first and then decreases with the increasing of aluminum content, and the heat of explosion reaches a maximum value when the aluminum content is 40%. The explosion energy of the sample increased gradually in sequence of vacuum, 0.1 MPa nitrogen, 0.1 MPa air and 1.0 MPa oxygen; the increase of environmental pressure and oxygen content results in the increase of explosion energy. Explosion energy in oxygen-enriched environment can quantitatively characterize the combustion heat of explosives. Detonation supporting heat of the sample accounts for 9.8%-26.4% of the combustion heat, and the detonation heat accounts for 34.5%-50.0% of the combustion heat, and both of these parameters decrease with the increase of aluminum content.
In order to study the rules of explosive energy release and the structure of explosive energy output, the detonation heat and detonation velocity of five kinds of aluminized thermobaric explosives were measured. The explosion energy of RDX-based aluminized explosive containing 30%(mass fraction) Al was measured by adiabatic detonation calori-meter under different atmosphere: vacuum, 0.1 MPa nitrogen, 0.1 MPa air and 1.0 MPa oxygen. The heat of explosion and combustion were calculated theoretically. The results show that the detonation velocity reduce linearly with the increa-sing of aluminum content. The detonation heat increases first and then decreases with the increasing of aluminum content, and the heat of explosion reaches a maximum value when the aluminum content is 40%. The explosion energy of the sample increased gradually in sequence of vacuum, 0.1 MPa nitrogen, 0.1 MPa air and 1.0 MPa oxygen; the increase of environmental pressure and oxygen content results in the increase of explosion energy. Explosion energy in oxygen-enriched environment can quantitatively characterize the combustion heat of explosives. Detonation supporting heat of the sample accounts for 9.8%-26.4% of the combustion heat, and the detonation heat accounts for 34.5%-50.0% of the combustion heat, and both of these parameters decrease with the increase of aluminum content.
引文
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[5] MILLER P J. A reactive flow model with coupled reaction kinetics for detonation and combustion in non-ideal explosives [C]//MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1995(418): 413-420.
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[7] 王晓峰, 冯晓军. 温压炸药设计原则探讨[J]. 含能材料, 2016, 24(5): 418-420.
[8] 韩早. 温压炸药能量参数计算与释能规律研究[D]. 南京:南京理工大学, 2015.HAN Z. The calculation of thermal parameters and the characterization of energy release in themobaric explosions[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science & Techno-logy,2015.
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