现场混装炸药爆速测试技术改进方法探讨
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摘要
针对现有的国家标准仅针对孔外爆速测试,并未对爆速测试的所有重要细节做出详细指导,实际的现场爆速测试存在失败率高、数据有效性差的问题,开展了爆速测试试验研究。总结了试验研究中暴露出的关键细节问题,提出了意见与解决措施。对比了孔内、孔外炸药爆速测试数据,结果显示孔外、孔内爆速数据差异明显,可见孔内爆速不适合直接作为工程爆破设计的参考指标;进行了多段爆速测试,数据表明炸药不稳定爆轰对爆速显著影响,提出宜采用多段测试避免影响;探讨了装药容器破片对爆速测试成功率的重要影响及作用机理,指出了避免破片破坏测试线路的合理的布线方法;分析了线路固定、电磁干扰对测试线路可靠性的影响,提出孔内测试应采用坚固装置固定线路及尽可能采用电磁屏蔽线减小电磁干扰。上述研究成果有利于提高现场爆速测试试验的成功率与数据的可靠性。
Detonation velocity is one of the most commonly used parameters for explosive.The existing national standards are just applied for the detonation outside of blasting hole.More importantly, these standards do not provide all necessary guidance on the explosive detonation test.To deal with problems like high failure rate and poor data validity on site detonation velocity test, the detonation test research was carried out.The key defects exposed in the test were summarized, and the corresponding solutions were put forward.The detonation velocity in-hole and outside-of-hole were obtained with obvious difference.As a result, the in-hole detonation velocity is not suitable as a reference for engineering blasting design.Previous data indicates that the unstable detonation affected the detonation velocity a lot.The multi-segment test is given to avoid the influence of unstable detonation.The importance of the fragmentation of charging container to the detonation velocity test were discussed.The reasonable wiring method to avoid the damage of fragmentation was proposed, and the influence of the fixed line and electromagnetic interference on the reliability of the test line was also analyzed.The hole test should be fixed with a solid device and the electromagnetic shielding wire should be used as possibly to reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference.
Detonation velocity is one of the most commonly used parameters for explosive.The existing national standards are just applied for the detonation outside of blasting hole.More importantly, these standards do not provide all necessary guidance on the explosive detonation test.To deal with problems like high failure rate and poor data validity on site detonation velocity test, the detonation test research was carried out.The key defects exposed in the test were summarized, and the corresponding solutions were put forward.The detonation velocity in-hole and outside-of-hole were obtained with obvious difference.As a result, the in-hole detonation velocity is not suitable as a reference for engineering blasting design.Previous data indicates that the unstable detonation affected the detonation velocity a lot.The multi-segment test is given to avoid the influence of unstable detonation.The importance of the fragmentation of charging container to the detonation velocity test were discussed.The reasonable wiring method to avoid the damage of fragmentation was proposed, and the influence of the fixed line and electromagnetic interference on the reliability of the test line was also analyzed.The hole test should be fixed with a solid device and the electromagnetic shielding wire should be used as possibly to reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference.
引文
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[10] 雷灏,姚志敏,尉广军.基于Gurney公式的半预制破片飞散特性研究[J].爆破,2014,31(1):38- 41.[10] LEI Hao,YAO Zhi-ming,WEI Guang-jun.Research on dispersion characteristics of pre-formed fragments based on gurney formula[J].Blasting,2014,31(1):38- 41.(in Chinese)
[11] 刘鑫.非平行传输线的电磁干扰特性研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.[11] LIU Xin.Electromagnetic interference characterristics of non-parallel transmision lines[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.(in Chinese)
[2] 吕春绪.工业炸药理论[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2003:25-37.
[3] 陆明.工业炸药配方设计[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002:115-130.
[4] 张宝坪.爆轰物理学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2006:170-193.
[5] 中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T 13228—2015工业炸药爆速测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[6] KABWE E,CHANDA E K.Velocity of detonation and fragmentation analysis to evaluate blasting efficacy[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics & Geotechnical Engineering,2018,10(3):523-533.
[7] 赵海霞,胡双启,张少明,等.装药直径和约束条件对小直径装药爆速影响研究[J].弹箭与制导学报,2010,30(1):95-96.[7] ZHAO Hai-xia,HU Shuang-qi,ZHANG Shao-ming,et al.Study on effects of confinement condition and charge diameter on detonation velocity[J].Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Misiles & Guidance,2010,30(1):95-96.(in Chinese)
[8] 朱宽,曹进军,郝亚飞,等.对影响现场混装乳化炸药孔内爆速因素的探究[J].爆破,2016,33(4):118-122.[8] ZHU Kuan,CAO Jin-jun,HAO Ya-fei,et al.Research on influence factor of in-hole detonation velocity of mixed loading emulsion explosive[J].Blasting,2016,33(4):118-122.(in Chinese)
[9] 王儒策,赵国志,杨绍卿.弹药工程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002:86-90.
[10] 雷灏,姚志敏,尉广军.基于Gurney公式的半预制破片飞散特性研究[J].爆破,2014,31(1):38- 41.[10] LEI Hao,YAO Zhi-ming,WEI Guang-jun.Research on dispersion characteristics of pre-formed fragments based on gurney formula[J].Blasting,2014,31(1):38- 41.(in Chinese)
[11] 刘鑫.非平行传输线的电磁干扰特性研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.[11] LIU Xin.Electromagnetic interference characterristics of non-parallel transmision lines[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.(in Chinese)