明代翰林馆课集的存世馆藏探究
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摘要
明代翰林馆课集是辑录明代庶吉士在翰林院进学期间应试文章的书籍,作为制举类用书的一种,因为出版业的发达和社会的需要而在明代后期大量刊刻。之后,随着明清政权更迭和社会动荡不安,很多馆课集已经散佚。现今明代翰林馆课集的存世数量虽然不多,但它们所辑录的馆课文章却承载着明代高级文官培养制度即庶吉士制度的内在价值观和政治理念,同时也真实反映了明代国家和社会的现实状况,是我们研究庶吉士制度和明代历史的重要史料。
Hanlin guanke compilations refer to a series of books that were compiled from the test papers of those editors with the Hanlin Academy. As a kind of textbooks for Zhiju, an irregular exam for selecting officials and scholars, such books got published on a large scale in the late Ming Dynasty thanks to the publishing industry's flourishing and social needs. Later, many got lost with the regime change and the social turbulence thus caused. The survivors, though small in number, carry the intrinsic values and political philosophy of senior civil service training system in the Ming Dynasty, or the Hanlin Bachelor system on the one hand, and tell a real imperial court and society of that dynasty on the other. Hence we can say that they serve as important historical data for our interpretation of the Hanlin Bachelor system and the history of the Ming Dynasty.
Hanlin guanke compilations refer to a series of books that were compiled from the test papers of those editors with the Hanlin Academy. As a kind of textbooks for Zhiju, an irregular exam for selecting officials and scholars, such books got published on a large scale in the late Ming Dynasty thanks to the publishing industry's flourishing and social needs. Later, many got lost with the regime change and the social turbulence thus caused. The survivors, though small in number, carry the intrinsic values and political philosophy of senior civil service training system in the Ming Dynasty, or the Hanlin Bachelor system on the one hand, and tell a real imperial court and society of that dynasty on the other. Hence we can say that they serve as important historical data for our interpretation of the Hanlin Bachelor system and the history of the Ming Dynasty.
引文
[1] 张廷玉,等.明史[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[2] 孙承泽.春明梦余录[O].文渊阁四库全书本.
[3] 黄佐.翰林记[O].文渊阁四库全书本.
[4] 王重民.中国善本书提要[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1983.
[5] 祁承爜.澹生堂藏书目[O].清宋氏漫堂钞本.
[6] 范与良.诗苑天声[O].四库全书存目丛书补编本.
[7] 王锡爵,沈一贯.经世宏辞[O].清康熙二年周在浚刻本.
[8] 震钧.天咫偶闻[M].北京:北京古籍出版社,1982.
[9] 孙殿起.清代禁书知见录[M].北京:商务印书馆,1957.
[10] 王彬.清代禁书总述[M].北京:中国书店,1999.
[11] 雷梦辰.清代各省禁书汇考[M].北京:书目文献出版社,1989.
[12] 姚觐元.清代禁毁书目四种[O].清光绪刻咫进斋丛书本.
[13] 吴振棫.养吉斋丛录[M].北京:中华书局,2005.
(1)海源阁由藏书家杨以增在道光二十年创建。杨绍和乃杨以增之子,字彦合,是海源阁的第二代主人,清代古籍、书画、金石收藏家和目录学家。到清末,海源阁藏书三千二百三十六种,二十万八千三百余卷。
(2)清末四大藏书楼:聊城海源阁、常熟铁琴铜剑楼、湖州皕宋楼、杭州八千卷楼。皕宋楼藏书于1907年全部转售于日本岩崎氏静嘉堂文库,八千卷楼藏书于1908年由两江总督端方收入江南图书馆(今南京图书馆)。
[2] 孙承泽.春明梦余录[O].文渊阁四库全书本.
[3] 黄佐.翰林记[O].文渊阁四库全书本.
[4] 王重民.中国善本书提要[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1983.
[5] 祁承爜.澹生堂藏书目[O].清宋氏漫堂钞本.
[6] 范与良.诗苑天声[O].四库全书存目丛书补编本.
[7] 王锡爵,沈一贯.经世宏辞[O].清康熙二年周在浚刻本.
[8] 震钧.天咫偶闻[M].北京:北京古籍出版社,1982.
[9] 孙殿起.清代禁书知见录[M].北京:商务印书馆,1957.
[10] 王彬.清代禁书总述[M].北京:中国书店,1999.
[11] 雷梦辰.清代各省禁书汇考[M].北京:书目文献出版社,1989.
[12] 姚觐元.清代禁毁书目四种[O].清光绪刻咫进斋丛书本.
[13] 吴振棫.养吉斋丛录[M].北京:中华书局,2005.
(1)海源阁由藏书家杨以增在道光二十年创建。杨绍和乃杨以增之子,字彦合,是海源阁的第二代主人,清代古籍、书画、金石收藏家和目录学家。到清末,海源阁藏书三千二百三十六种,二十万八千三百余卷。
(2)清末四大藏书楼:聊城海源阁、常熟铁琴铜剑楼、湖州皕宋楼、杭州八千卷楼。皕宋楼藏书于1907年全部转售于日本岩崎氏静嘉堂文库,八千卷楼藏书于1908年由两江总督端方收入江南图书馆(今南京图书馆)。