基于功率解耦的额定风速附近发电优化控制研究
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摘要
为了便于控制器实现,变速变桨风电机组通常把转矩控制与变桨控制分开设计,在额定风速以下时,通过转矩控制实现最大风能捕获;在额定风速以上时,通过变桨控制限制机组功率。因此在额定风速附近,转矩控制与变桨控制之间存在耦合问题,需进行解耦,这是变速变桨控制算法设计难点。在分析了当前的解耦控制策略在额定风速附近风能损失问题之后,基于追求发电优化的目标,提出了一种功率解耦的控制方法,该方法较好地解决了额定风速附近功率损失与控制器误动作问题,而且在阵风工况下,可适当提前变桨动作,防止机组功率与转速超调。仿真与现场测试证明,该控制策略具有逻辑实现简单的优点,易于风电行业推广,有较高的实际工程意义。
In order to facilitate realization of main control of variable-speed pitch controlled wind turbine, usually torque controller and pitch controller are designed separately. For under-rated wind speed, maximum energy capture is achieved with torque control. For above-rated wind speed, generator power is limited with pitch control. Therefore, torque controller and pitch controller need to decouple near rated wind speed. This is a difficult problem for controller design. After analyzing the problem of wind energy loss near rated wind speed for traditional controller, a power decoupling controller is proposed based on the overall goal of power generation optimization. The controller proposed in this paper solves the problem of power loss and controller malfunction, and, in gust conditions, pitching action can be taken appropriately in advance to prevent overshoot of generator power and speed. Simulation and field test prove that the strategy is easy to realize and popularize in wind power industry. Accordingly, it has high practical engineering significance.
In order to facilitate realization of main control of variable-speed pitch controlled wind turbine, usually torque controller and pitch controller are designed separately. For under-rated wind speed, maximum energy capture is achieved with torque control. For above-rated wind speed, generator power is limited with pitch control. Therefore, torque controller and pitch controller need to decouple near rated wind speed. This is a difficult problem for controller design. After analyzing the problem of wind energy loss near rated wind speed for traditional controller, a power decoupling controller is proposed based on the overall goal of power generation optimization. The controller proposed in this paper solves the problem of power loss and controller malfunction, and, in gust conditions, pitching action can be taken appropriately in advance to prevent overshoot of generator power and speed. Simulation and field test prove that the strategy is easy to realize and popularize in wind power industry. Accordingly, it has high practical engineering significance.
引文
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[15]Van Engelen T G,Van Der Hooftet E L,Schaak P.Development of wind turbine control algorithms for industrial use[R].Netherlands:Energy Research Center of the Netherlands(ECN),2009.
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[19]林志明,潘东浩,王贵子,等.双馈式变速变桨风力发电机组的转矩控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(32):118-124.Lin Zhiming,Pan Donghao,Wang Guizi,et al.Torque control of doubly-fed variable speed variable pitch wind turbine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(32):118-124(in Chinese).
[20]Bossanyi E A.GH bladed user manual[R].Bristol:Garrad Hassan and Partners Limited,2008.
[2]杨校生.我国风电技术发展趋势分析[R].北京:全国工商联新能源第111期沙龙,2015.
[3]王富贵,廖晓东.我国风电产业与核心技术未来发展趋势分析[J].现代经济信息,2016(10):375-377.Wang Fugui,Liao Xiaodong.Analysis on the future trend of wind power industry and core technology in China[J].Modern Economic Information,2016(10):375-377(in Chinese).
[4]WindStats.变桨距风电机组的优点[R].Nederland:WindStats,1991.
[5]Bianchi F D,De Battista H,Mantz R J.Wind turbine control systems-principles,modelling and gain scheduling design[M].London:Springer-Verlag,2007.
[6]董哲,周明,李庚银,等.针对风电外送基地的暂态切机决策模型[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1348-1354.Dong Zhe,Zhou Ming,Li Gengyin,et al.A transient tripping decision-making model for sending-out wind power system[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1348-1354(in Chinese).
[7]刘军,何玉林,李俊,等.变速变桨距风力发电机组控制策略改进与仿真[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(5):82-86.Liu Jun,He Yulin,Li Jun,et al.Design and simulation of an improved control strategy for variable-speed pitch controlled wind turbine driven generator system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(5):82-86(in Chinese).
[8]蒋说东,刘军.额定风速附近变速变桨风力发电机组功率优化控制[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(5):1097-1104.Jiang Shuodong,Liu Jun.Power optimal control of variable speed variable pitch wind turbine near rated wind[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(5):1097-1104(in Chinese).
[9]杜佳佳,万宇宾,刘红文,等.一种大型风电机组变桨距控制与转矩控制的解耦控制方法:CN102996335A[P].2013.
[10]王建明,潘磊,纪国瑞,等.风力发电机组扭矩与变桨解耦控制方法:CN102777320A[P].2012.
[11]张琛,李征,蔡旭,等.双馈风电机组轴系扭振的稳定与抑制[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(10):301-309.Zhang Chen,Li Zheng,Cai xu,et al.Stability and control of shaft torsional oscillation for doubly-fed wind power generator[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(10):301-309(in Chinese).
[12]田兵,赵克,孙东阳,等.改进型变步长最大跟踪算法在风力发电系统中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2016,32(6):226-233.Tian Bing,Zhao Ke,Sun Dongyang,et al.Promoted variable step maximum power point tracking algorithm used in the wind energy conversion system[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,32(6):226-233(in Chinese).
[13]Wouters D A J,Van Engelen T G.Modern wind turbine controller design[R].Netherlands:Energy Research Center of the Netherlands(ECN),2009.
[14]李悦强,蔡旭,贾锋.大型风电机组最大功率曲线自校正方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3269-3276.Li Yueqiang,Cai Xu,Jia Feng.Self-correction method for maximum power curves of large wind turbines[J].Power System Technolog,2017,41(10):3269-3276(in Chinese).
[15]Van Engelen T G,Van Der Hooftet E L,Schaak P.Development of wind turbine control algorithms for industrial use[R].Netherlands:Energy Research Center of the Netherlands(ECN),2009.
[16]娄尧林,蔡旭,叶杭冶,等.基于转矩随动控制的风电机组最优发电研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,32(6):226-233.Lou Yaolin,Cai Xu,Ye Hangye,et al.Optimal generator study base on torque follow-up control for wind turbine[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,32(6):226-233(in Chinese).
[17]Bossanyi E A.The design of closed loop controllers for wind turbines[J].Wind Energy,2000,18(3):149-163.
[18]Bossanyi E A.Controller for 5 MW reference turbine[R].Bristol,England:Garrad Hassan and Partners Limited,2009.
[19]林志明,潘东浩,王贵子,等.双馈式变速变桨风力发电机组的转矩控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(32):118-124.Lin Zhiming,Pan Donghao,Wang Guizi,et al.Torque control of doubly-fed variable speed variable pitch wind turbine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(32):118-124(in Chinese).
[20]Bossanyi E A.GH bladed user manual[R].Bristol:Garrad Hassan and Partners Limited,2008.