基于智能合约的区域能源交易模型与实验测试
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摘要
区域能源交易主要通过集中式的交易服务平台提供买卖交易合同,配合电网进行电力供应与输送,存在服务成本高、交易效率低、用户隐私缺乏安全保障等问题。通过分析区域能源交易的特点,以区块链的智能合约、分布式记账、点对点交易等技术为基础,构建了基于区块链的区域能源交易基础应用结构。给出基于智能合约的区域能源交易模型,区域内部的产消者可以通过区块链网络发送交易请求,通过双向拍卖定价机制得出清算价格,回应交易请求,触发状态机执行合约,完成交易。给出了基于智能合约的区域能源交易流程,使用以太坊和超级账本等区块链网络搭建实验环境,模拟多个电能产消者参与的区域能源交易,验证上述方法的可行性。
Regional energy trading mainly provides sales and purchase transaction contracts through a centralized trading service platform, and cooperates with power grid for power supply and transportation. There are problems in it such as high service cost, low transaction efficiency, and lack of user privacy. Based on analysis of the characteristics of regional energy trading, this paper builds a basic application structure of regional energy trading based on blockchain smart contract, distributed accounting, and peer-to-peer trading. This paper proposes a regional energy trading model based on smart contracts. The prosumer within the region can send transaction requests through blockchain network, obtain clearing price through two-way auction pricing mechanism, respond to the transaction request, and trigger state machine to execute the contract, thus completing the transaction. Taking the regional energy trading of multiple producers and consumers in the park as an example, the regional energy trading process based on smart contracts is given. This paper presents a regional energy trading process based on smart contracts, using a blockchain network such as Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric to build an experimental environment to simulate regional energy transactions involving multiple energy prosumer, verifying feasibility of above method.
Regional energy trading mainly provides sales and purchase transaction contracts through a centralized trading service platform, and cooperates with power grid for power supply and transportation. There are problems in it such as high service cost, low transaction efficiency, and lack of user privacy. Based on analysis of the characteristics of regional energy trading, this paper builds a basic application structure of regional energy trading based on blockchain smart contract, distributed accounting, and peer-to-peer trading. This paper proposes a regional energy trading model based on smart contracts. The prosumer within the region can send transaction requests through blockchain network, obtain clearing price through two-way auction pricing mechanism, respond to the transaction request, and trigger state machine to execute the contract, thus completing the transaction. Taking the regional energy trading of multiple producers and consumers in the park as an example, the regional energy trading process based on smart contracts is given. This paper presents a regional energy trading process based on smart contracts, using a blockchain network such as Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric to build an experimental environment to simulate regional energy transactions involving multiple energy prosumer, verifying feasibility of above method.
引文
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[20]丁伟,王国成,许爱东,等.能源区块链的关键技术及信息安全问题研究[J/OL].中国电机工程学报,2018:1-9.(2018-01-29).https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.170353.Ding Wei,Wang Guocheng,Xu Aidong,et al.Research on key technologies and information security issues of energy blockchain[J/OL].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018:1-9.(2018-01-29).https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.17035(in Chinese).
[21]诸葛斌,傅晗文,彭丹,等.基于多归属组合双向拍卖的SDN资源价格协商算法研究[J].电子科技大学学报,2017,46(4):591-599.Zhuge Bin,Fu Hanwen,Peng Dan,et al.SDN resources price negotiation algorithm based on multi-homing combinatorial double auction model[J].Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2017,46(4):591-599(in Chinese).
[2]何永秀,宋栋,夏天,等.基于合作博弈论的常规能源与新能源发电权置换交易模式研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2485-2490.He Yongxiu,Song Dong,Xia Tian,et al.Mode of generation right trade between renewable energy and conventional energy based on cooperative game theory[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(8):2485-2490(in Chinese).
[3]袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报,2016,42(4):481-494.Yuan Yong,Wang Feiyue.Blockchain:the state of the art and future trends[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2016,42(4):481-494(in Chinese).
[4]欧阳旭,朱向前,叶伦,等.区块链技术在大用户直购电中的应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3737-3745.Ouyang Xu,Zhu Xiangqian,Ye Lun,et al.Preliminary applications of blockchain technique in large consumers direct power trading J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3737-3745(in Chinese).
[5]武赓,曾博,李冉,等.区块链技术在综合需求侧响应资源交易中的应用模式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3717-3728.Wu Geng,Zeng Bo,Li Ran,et al.Research on the application of blockchain in the integrated demand response resource transaction J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3717-3728(in Chinese).
[6]张宁,王毅,康重庆,等.能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4011-4023.Zhang Ning,Wang Yi,Kang Chongqing,et al.Blockchain technique in the energy internet:preliminary research framework and typical applications[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4011-4023(in Chinese).
[7]李彬,张洁,祁兵,等.区块链:需求侧资源参与电网互动的支撑技术[J].电力建设,2017,38(3):1-8.Li Bin,Zhang Jie,Qi Bing,et al.Block chain:supporting technology of demand side resources participating in grid interaction[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(3):1-8(in Chinese).
[8]李彬,曹望璋,祁兵,等.区块链技术在电力辅助服务领域的应用综述[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):736-744.Li Bin,Cao Wangzhang,Qi Bing,et al.Overview of application of block chain technology in ancillary service market[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):736-744(in Chinese).
[9]曾鸣,程俊,王雨晴,等.区块链框架下能源互联网多模块协同自治模式初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3672-3681.Zeng Ming,Cheng Jun,Wang Yuqing,et al.Primarily research for multi module cooperative autonomous mode of energy internet under blockchain framework[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3672-3681(in Chinese).
[10]邰雪,孙宏斌,郭庆来.能源互联网中基于区块链的电力交易和阻塞管理方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3630-3638.Tai Xue,Sun Hongbin,Guo Qinglai.Electricity transactions and congestion management based on blockchain in energy internet J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3630-3638(in Chinese).
[11]Mihaylov M,Jurado S,Moffaert K V,et al.NRG-X-change:a novel mechanism for trading of renewableenergy in smart grids[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Smart Grids and Green IT Systems.Barcelona,Spain:The 3rd International Conference on Smart Grids and Green IT Systems,2014:101-106.
[12]Mihaylov M,Jurado S,Avellana N,et al.NRGcoin:virtual currency for trading of renewable energy in smart grids[C]//Proceedings of the11th International Conference on the European Energy Market.Krakow:IEEE,2014:1-6.
[13]Yaagoubi N,Mouftah H T.Energy trading in the smart grid:a distributed game-theoretic approach[J].Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,2017,40(2):57-65.
[14]Pouttu A,Haapola J,Ahokangas P,et al.P2P model for distributed energy trading,grid control and ICT for local smart grids[C]//European Conference on Networks&Communications.Oulu,Finland:IEEE,2017:1-6.
[15]Lee W,Xiang L,Schober R,et al.Direct electricity trading in smart grid:a coalitional game analysis[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2014,32(7):1398-1411.
[16]平健,陈思捷,张宁,等.基于智能合约的配电网去中心化交易机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3682-3690.Ping Jian,Chen Sijie,Zhang Ning,et al.Decentralized transactive mechanism in distribution network based on smart contract[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3682-3690(in Chinese).
[17]Fedotov A,Farah S,Farley D,et al.Solar hydrogen fuel cell projects at Brooklyn Tech.[J].Ncsssmst Journal,2010(15):25-26.
[18]Prisco C.An energy block chain for European prosumers[EB/OL].(2016-05-02).https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/an-en ergy-blockchain-for-european-prosumers-1462218142/.
[19]Larimer D.Transactions as proof-of-stake[R/OL].(2013-11-28).http://7fvhfe.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/@/wp-content/uploads/214/01/TransactionsAsProofOfStake10.pdf.
[20]丁伟,王国成,许爱东,等.能源区块链的关键技术及信息安全问题研究[J/OL].中国电机工程学报,2018:1-9.(2018-01-29).https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.170353.Ding Wei,Wang Guocheng,Xu Aidong,et al.Research on key technologies and information security issues of energy blockchain[J/OL].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018:1-9.(2018-01-29).https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.17035(in Chinese).
[21]诸葛斌,傅晗文,彭丹,等.基于多归属组合双向拍卖的SDN资源价格协商算法研究[J].电子科技大学学报,2017,46(4):591-599.Zhuge Bin,Fu Hanwen,Peng Dan,et al.SDN resources price negotiation algorithm based on multi-homing combinatorial double auction model[J].Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2017,46(4):591-599(in Chinese).