基于生态逐级保证的河口村水库水量分配研究
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摘要
为协调社会经济发展与河流生态之间的关系,以河口村水库为研究对象,在量化生态流量逐级保证阈值的前提下,建立了基于生态流量逐级保证的水库多目标水量分配模型。结果表明:基流比例法与Tennant法设置的Ⅰ～Ⅳ级生态流量分别为2.84、3.98、5.35、7.36 m~3/s;采用水量分配模型对远期规划年2030年配置方案进行研究,生活和工业用水户以及农业用水户的供水保证率分别为95.0%、66.7%,生态供水保证率自Ⅰ级的71.7%降至Ⅳ级的38.3%;随着社会经济及人口的快速发展,河口村上游来水及水库调节难以协调河道内外的用水矛盾,只能通过相应压缩河流生态用水来保证河道外用水需求。
In order to coordinate the relationship between social and economic development and ecology, a water allocation model for Hekoucun Reservoir based on gradual upgrading guarantee for ecological flows was proposed. The results show that four levels for ecological flows(I-Ⅳ) are 2.84, 3.98, 5.35 and 7.36 m~3/s respectively by basic flow ration and Tennant methods, which are used in the water allocation model as the ecological objective function; in the year of 2030 of long-term planning, the guarantee rates of domestic and industrial and agricultural users are 95.0% and 66.7% respectively. The guarantee rate of river ecology decreases from 71.7% of LevelⅠto 38.3% of Level Ⅳ. Along with the rapid development of society and economy and the growth of population, it will be difficult to coordinate the contradiction among different water users relying only on the inflow of the reservoir. The in-stream ecological water will be squeezed for off-stream water users. In the long run, the river ecosystem will be degraded and destructed.
In order to coordinate the relationship between social and economic development and ecology, a water allocation model for Hekoucun Reservoir based on gradual upgrading guarantee for ecological flows was proposed. The results show that four levels for ecological flows(I-Ⅳ) are 2.84, 3.98, 5.35 and 7.36 m~3/s respectively by basic flow ration and Tennant methods, which are used in the water allocation model as the ecological objective function; in the year of 2030 of long-term planning, the guarantee rates of domestic and industrial and agricultural users are 95.0% and 66.7% respectively. The guarantee rate of river ecology decreases from 71.7% of LevelⅠto 38.3% of Level Ⅳ. Along with the rapid development of society and economy and the growth of population, it will be difficult to coordinate the contradiction among different water users relying only on the inflow of the reservoir. The in-stream ecological water will be squeezed for off-stream water users. In the long run, the river ecosystem will be degraded and destructed.
引文
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[2] 孟钰,张翔,夏军,等.河道内生态用水保证率的概念、内涵与计算分析[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2018,26(2):229-238.
[3] 崔国韬,左其亭.生态调度研究现状与展望[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(6):90-97.
[4] 董哲仁,张晶,赵进勇.环境流量理论进展述评[J].水利学报,2017,48(6):670-677.
[5] 徐杨,常福宣,陈进,等.水库生态调度研究综述[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(6):33-37.
[6] JUNK W J.The Use of Amazonian Floodplains Under an Ecological Perspective[J].Interciencia,1989,14(6):317-322.
[7] 万新宇.基于相似性的三门峡水库水沙调度研究[D].南京:河海大学,2008:28-29.
[8] 李清清,覃晖,陈广才,等.基于人造洪峰的三峡梯级生态调度仿真分析[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(12):112-116.
[9] 侯世文.基于多种水文学法分析大汶河干流生态基流[J].水文,2015,35(6):61-66.
[10] TENNANTD L.Instream Flow Regimens for Fish,Wildlife,Recreation and Related Environmental Resources[J].Fisheries,1976,1(4):6-10.
[11] ZHANGX,MENG Y,XIA J,et al.A Combined Model for River Health Evaluation Based Upon the Physical,Chemical,and Biological Elements [J].Ecological Indicators,2018,84:416-424.
[12] 韩靓靓.混沌变异粒子群算法在水库供水调度规则制定中的应用[J].中国水能及电气化,2016(7):49-53.