铅胁迫对几种乔木种子萌发及活力的影响研究
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摘要
通过对不同浓度铅胁迫下的侧柏、油松、栾树、刺槐4种乔木种子进行种子萌发培养试验,研究了土壤铅胁迫对4种乔木种子萌发特征的影响。结果表明,低浓度的铅胁迫对侧柏、油松、刺槐种子的萌发有一定的促进作用,但作用不显著;随着铅浓度的升高,促进作用逐渐转变为抑制作用,且铅浓度越高,抑制作用越大,均达到了显著水平。而铅胁迫始终对栾树种子的萌发有抑制作用。不同树种的种子萌发对高浓度的铅胁迫耐性有所不同,11 000mg·kg~(-1)的铅胁迫已完全抑制了刺槐种子的萌发,栾树和油松种子发芽抑制率则分别在13 000、15 000mg·kg~(-1)的铅胁迫下达到100%,而侧柏种子在15 000mg·kg~(-1)的铅胁迫下仍可发芽。综合分析4种树种种子萌发的各项指标,铅胁迫对各树种的活力指数影响最大。综上分析表明,侧柏、油松对铅胁迫抗性较强,而栾树、刺槐对铅胁迫较为敏感。因此油松、侧柏2种乔木树种适合用于铅污染土壤的修复。
Effects of different concentrations of Pb~(2+)(0-15 000mg·kg~(-1))on seed germination of four tree species(Pinus tabuliformis,Platycladus orientalis,Koelreuteria paniculata,Robinia pseudoacacia)were investigated.The results showed that low concentration lead stress stimulated the seed germination of P.tabuliformis,P.orientalis and R.pseudoacacia,but the stimulation effect was not significant.With the increase of lead concentration,the promotion effect was gradually changed into the inhibition effect,and the higher the lead concentration,the greater the inhibition effect,then reached a significant level.The seed germination of K.paniculata was inhibited under any lead concentration stress.The seed germination of R.pseudoacacia was completely inhibited under 11 000mg·kg~(-1) lead stress.The seed germination inhibition rate to P.tabuliformis and P.orientalis were sequentially reached 100% under 13 000 mg·kg~(-1) and 15000mg·kg~(-1) lead stress,and the seed of P.orientalis could still germinate under 15 000mg·kg~(-1) lead stress.Comprehensive analysis of the seed germination indexes of four tree species indicated that the effect of lead stress on the seed vigor index was the largest.The foregoing analysis showed that P.orientalis and P.tabuliformis had strong resistance to lead stress,and K.paniculataand R.pseudoacacia were more sensitive to lead stress.So P.orientalis and P.tabuliformis were suitable for the vegetation restoration onlead contaminated soil.
Effects of different concentrations of Pb~(2+)(0-15 000mg·kg~(-1))on seed germination of four tree species(Pinus tabuliformis,Platycladus orientalis,Koelreuteria paniculata,Robinia pseudoacacia)were investigated.The results showed that low concentration lead stress stimulated the seed germination of P.tabuliformis,P.orientalis and R.pseudoacacia,but the stimulation effect was not significant.With the increase of lead concentration,the promotion effect was gradually changed into the inhibition effect,and the higher the lead concentration,the greater the inhibition effect,then reached a significant level.The seed germination of K.paniculata was inhibited under any lead concentration stress.The seed germination of R.pseudoacacia was completely inhibited under 11 000mg·kg~(-1) lead stress.The seed germination inhibition rate to P.tabuliformis and P.orientalis were sequentially reached 100% under 13 000 mg·kg~(-1) and 15000mg·kg~(-1) lead stress,and the seed of P.orientalis could still germinate under 15 000mg·kg~(-1) lead stress.Comprehensive analysis of the seed germination indexes of four tree species indicated that the effect of lead stress on the seed vigor index was the largest.The foregoing analysis showed that P.orientalis and P.tabuliformis had strong resistance to lead stress,and K.paniculataand R.pseudoacacia were more sensitive to lead stress.So P.orientalis and P.tabuliformis were suitable for the vegetation restoration onlead contaminated soil.
引文
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[13]陈俊任,柳丹,吴家森,等.重金属胁迫对毛竹种子萌发及其富集效应的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6501-6509.CHEN J R,LIU D,WU J S,et al.Seed germination and metal accumulation of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)under heavy metal exposure[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(22):6501-6509.(in Chinese)
[14]KURIAKOSE S V,PRASAD M N V.Cadmium stress affects seed germination and seedling growth in Sorghumbicolor(L.)Moenchby changing the activities of hydrolyzing enzymes[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2008,54(2):143-156.
[15]BONIFACIO R S,MONTANO N E.Inhibitory effects of mercury and cadmium on seed germination of Enhalusacoroides(L.F.)Royle[J].Bulletinof Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1998,60(1):45-51.
[16]张显强,李超,谌金吾,等.镉、铅胁迫对三叶鬼针草(Bidenspilosa L.)种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2014,33(7):40-42,46.ZHANG X Q,LI C,CHEN J W,et al.Effects of cadmium and lead stress on the germination of Bidenspilosa(L.)[J].Seed,2014,33(7):40-42,46.(in Chinese)
[17]张远兵,刘爱荣,孟祥辉,等.铅胁迫对19个品种草坪草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].核农学报,2009,23(3):506-512.ZHANG Y B,LIU A R,MENG X H,et al.Effect of lead stress on the seed germination and seeding growth ofnineteen varitiesturfgrasses[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2009,23(3):506-512.(in Chinese)
[18]古红梅,胡述龙,王红星.重金属铅对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011(1):36-38.GU H M,HU S L,WANG H X.Effects of heavy mental lead on corn seed germination and seedling growth[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2011(1):36-38.(in Chinese)
[19]葛成军,陈秋波,俞花美,等.Cd胁迫对2种热带牧草种子发芽与根伸长的抑制效应[J].热带作物学报,2008,29(5):567-571.GE C J,CHEN Q B,YU H M,et al.Effect of Cd on germination and inhibition of root elongation of tropical forage plants[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2008,29(5):567-571.(in Chinese)
[20]杨玲,张勇,吴洪娇,等.铅锌胁迫对早熟禾和狗牙根种子出苗和幼苗生长的影响[J].云南农业大学报:自然科学,2013,28(3):405-410.YANG L,ZHANG Y,WU H J,et al.Effect of lead and zinc stress on emergence and seedling growth of Poa annua and Cynodon dactylon[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science,2013,28(3):405-410.(in Chinese)
[21]陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳,等.重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):556-563.CHEN W,ZHANG M M,SONG Y Y,et al.Inhibitory effects of heavy metal stress on the seed germination offour turfgrasstypes[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(3):556-563.(in Chinese)
[22]刘垚,张薇,刘鸣达.镉-苯并(a)芘单一及复合污染对小麦种子萌发的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):265-269.LIU Y,ZHANG W,LIU M D.Effect of cadmium-benzo(a)pyrene single and combined pollution on wheat seedgermination[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(2):265-269.(in Chinese)
[23]LIU X L,ZHANG S Z,SHAN X Q,et al.Toxicity of arsenate and arsenite on germination,seedling growth and amylolyticactivity of wheat[J].Chemospehre,2005,61(2):293-301.
[24]恽烨,李威,张银龙,等.5-氟尿嘧啶与镉单一及复合污染对三种作物种子萌发的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(6):1075-1081.YUN Y,LI W,ZHANG Y L,et al.Eco-toxicity of single and combined contamination of 5-fluorouracil and Cd on seed germination of wheat,Chinese cabbage and rice[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(6):1075-1081.(in Chinese)
[2]徐佩,吴超,邱冠豪.我国铅锌矿山土壤重金属污染规律研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):739-744.XU P,WU C,QIU G H.Study on the lawof soil heavy metals pollution around lead-zinc mining areas in China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(3):739-744.(in Chinese)
[3]MANTA D S,ANGELONE M,BELLANEA A,et al.Heavy metal in urban soil:a case study from the city of Palermo(Sicily),Italy[J].The Science of the Total Environmental,2002,300(1/3):292-243.
[4]周芙蓉.侧柏和国槐对干旱和铅胁迫的耐性及对铅污染土壤的修复[D].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[5]韦秀文,姚斌,刘慧文,等.重金属及有机物污染土壤的树木修复研究进展[J].林业科学,2011,47(5):124-130.WEI X W,YAO B,LIU H W,et al.Application of dendroremediation to the soil contaminated soil by heavy metals and organic pollutants[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(5):124-130.(in Chinese)
[6]马惠芳,王进鑫,张青,等.干旱和铅双重胁迫对刺槐叶片有机渗透调节物质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(3):1-6.MA H F,WANG J X,ZHANG Q,et al.Influences of drought and lead stresses on organic osmolytes in the leaves of Robiniapseudoacacia[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[7]刘俊峰,王进鑫,邹朋,等.水分和铅交互胁迫对侧柏幼苗叶片生理指标的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):32-36,91.LIU J F,WANG J X,ZOU P,et al.Effects of interactive drought and lead stress on physiological indexs of Platycladus orientalis seedlings[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(2):32-36,91.(in Chinese)
[8]初江涛,王进鑫,邹朋,等.干旱和铅胁迫对生长初期的国槐和侧柏叶绿素的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):19-23.CHU J T,WANG J X,ZOU P,et al.Effects of drought and Pb stress on the contents of chlorophylls of Sophor japonica and Platycladus orientalis in their initial growth stages[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(4):19-23.(in Chinese)
[9]王榆鑫.干旱和铅对4种林木种子播种苗的胁迫阈值研究[D].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:224-240.
[11]于淑兰,陈幼生,赵德铭,等.GB 2772-1999中国人民共和国国家标准林木种子检验规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[12]崔俊芳,胡春胜,张玉铭,等.重金属铅对不同品种小麦种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(2):622-623,633.CUI J F,HU C S,ZHANG Y M,et al.Effects of the heavy metal lead on the seed germination and seedling growth of different wheat varieties[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(2):622-623,633.(in Chinese)
[13]陈俊任,柳丹,吴家森,等.重金属胁迫对毛竹种子萌发及其富集效应的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6501-6509.CHEN J R,LIU D,WU J S,et al.Seed germination and metal accumulation of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)under heavy metal exposure[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(22):6501-6509.(in Chinese)
[14]KURIAKOSE S V,PRASAD M N V.Cadmium stress affects seed germination and seedling growth in Sorghumbicolor(L.)Moenchby changing the activities of hydrolyzing enzymes[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2008,54(2):143-156.
[15]BONIFACIO R S,MONTANO N E.Inhibitory effects of mercury and cadmium on seed germination of Enhalusacoroides(L.F.)Royle[J].Bulletinof Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1998,60(1):45-51.
[16]张显强,李超,谌金吾,等.镉、铅胁迫对三叶鬼针草(Bidenspilosa L.)种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2014,33(7):40-42,46.ZHANG X Q,LI C,CHEN J W,et al.Effects of cadmium and lead stress on the germination of Bidenspilosa(L.)[J].Seed,2014,33(7):40-42,46.(in Chinese)
[17]张远兵,刘爱荣,孟祥辉,等.铅胁迫对19个品种草坪草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].核农学报,2009,23(3):506-512.ZHANG Y B,LIU A R,MENG X H,et al.Effect of lead stress on the seed germination and seeding growth ofnineteen varitiesturfgrasses[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2009,23(3):506-512.(in Chinese)
[18]古红梅,胡述龙,王红星.重金属铅对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011(1):36-38.GU H M,HU S L,WANG H X.Effects of heavy mental lead on corn seed germination and seedling growth[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2011(1):36-38.(in Chinese)
[19]葛成军,陈秋波,俞花美,等.Cd胁迫对2种热带牧草种子发芽与根伸长的抑制效应[J].热带作物学报,2008,29(5):567-571.GE C J,CHEN Q B,YU H M,et al.Effect of Cd on germination and inhibition of root elongation of tropical forage plants[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2008,29(5):567-571.(in Chinese)
[20]杨玲,张勇,吴洪娇,等.铅锌胁迫对早熟禾和狗牙根种子出苗和幼苗生长的影响[J].云南农业大学报:自然科学,2013,28(3):405-410.YANG L,ZHANG Y,WU H J,et al.Effect of lead and zinc stress on emergence and seedling growth of Poa annua and Cynodon dactylon[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science,2013,28(3):405-410.(in Chinese)
[21]陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳,等.重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):556-563.CHEN W,ZHANG M M,SONG Y Y,et al.Inhibitory effects of heavy metal stress on the seed germination offour turfgrasstypes[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(3):556-563.(in Chinese)
[22]刘垚,张薇,刘鸣达.镉-苯并(a)芘单一及复合污染对小麦种子萌发的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):265-269.LIU Y,ZHANG W,LIU M D.Effect of cadmium-benzo(a)pyrene single and combined pollution on wheat seedgermination[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(2):265-269.(in Chinese)
[23]LIU X L,ZHANG S Z,SHAN X Q,et al.Toxicity of arsenate and arsenite on germination,seedling growth and amylolyticactivity of wheat[J].Chemospehre,2005,61(2):293-301.
[24]恽烨,李威,张银龙,等.5-氟尿嘧啶与镉单一及复合污染对三种作物种子萌发的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(6):1075-1081.YUN Y,LI W,ZHANG Y L,et al.Eco-toxicity of single and combined contamination of 5-fluorouracil and Cd on seed germination of wheat,Chinese cabbage and rice[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(6):1075-1081.(in Chinese)