6种杂草水浸提液对水稻种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
采用生物测定方法,研究播娘蒿、刺儿菜、婆婆纳、续断菊、野老鹳草、泽漆等6种麦田杂草水浸提液在3种培养方式下对水稻种子发芽和生长的影响。结果表明,杂草水浸提液影响水稻种子发芽势或发芽率的敏感时期在浸种阶段。采用100 g/L杂草浸提液浸种+浸提液培养,播娘蒿浸提液处理的水稻种子发芽势和发芽率均显著低于对照(P<0.05),其萌发抑制率和发芽抑制率分别为11.87%、7.11%,刺儿菜浸提液处理的萌发抑制率和发芽抑制率分别为6.90%、7.11%,婆婆纳浸提液处理的萌发抑制率和发芽抑制率分别为8.00%、5.24%。与对照相比,泽漆浸提液处理的幼苗百株干质量显著降低12.62%,续断菊、野老鹳草、刺儿菜浸提液处理的幼苗百株干质量分别显著升高8.28%、7.40%、4.48%(P<0.05)。杂草浸提液浸种+清水培养条件下,刺儿菜浸提液处理的水稻种子萌发抑制率和发芽抑制率分别为6.52%、6.37%;播娘蒿和婆婆纳浸提液处理的水稻种子萌发抑制率分别为6.89%、7.67%。与对照相比,播娘蒿、刺儿菜、续断菊浸提液处理的幼苗百株干质量分别显著提高13.06%、9.63%、7.82%(P<0.05)。清水浸种+浸提液培养方式下,6种杂草浸提液处理对水稻种子发芽势和发芽率均无影响,但均能显著增加水稻幼苗百株干质量(P<0.05),增幅为5.62%~14.34%。
The effects of water extracts of six different wheat field weeds,i. e. Descurainia sophia(L.) Schur,Cephalanoplos segetum(Bunge) Kitam,Veronica didyma Tenore,Sonchus asper(L.) Hill,Geranium carolinianum L.,and Euphorbia helioscopia L.,on the germination and seedling growth of rice seeds,were investigated by bioassaysunder laboratory conditions. The maximum effect of weed water extracts on germination potential or germination rate of rice seeds just occurred in the immersed stage. The treatment of water extracts of D.sophia with the concentration of 100 g/L at the immersed seeds and seed germination demonstrated significantlylower germination potential and germination rate of rice seeds than the control in 11. 87% sprout inhibition rate and 7.11% germination inhibition rate respectively,while the treatment of C. segetum were 6. 9% and 7. 11% respectively,and the treatment of V. didyma were 8. 00% and 5. 24% respectively. The seedling dry weight of the treatment of E.helioscopia was significantly lower than the control by 12. 62%,while the treatments of S. asper,G. carolinianum,C.segetum were significantly higher than the control by 8. 28%,7. 40% and 4. 48% respectively. On the condition of immersion in water extracts and germination in water,the sprout inhibition rate and germination inhibition rate of rice seeds of the C. segetum. treatment were 6. 52% and 6. 37% respectively,the sprout inhibition rate of D. sophia and V,didyma were 6. 89% and 7. 67% respectively. The seedling dry weight of the treatments of D sophia,C. segetum and S. asper were significantly higher than the control by 13. 06%,9. 63% and 7. 82% respectively. On the condition of immersion in water and germination in water extracts,the treatments of six kinds of weeds had no influence on sprout either germination of rice seeds,but the seedling dry weight was significantly increased by 5. 62% to 14. 34%.
The effects of water extracts of six different wheat field weeds,i. e. Descurainia sophia(L.) Schur,Cephalanoplos segetum(Bunge) Kitam,Veronica didyma Tenore,Sonchus asper(L.) Hill,Geranium carolinianum L.,and Euphorbia helioscopia L.,on the germination and seedling growth of rice seeds,were investigated by bioassaysunder laboratory conditions. The maximum effect of weed water extracts on germination potential or germination rate of rice seeds just occurred in the immersed stage. The treatment of water extracts of D.sophia with the concentration of 100 g/L at the immersed seeds and seed germination demonstrated significantlylower germination potential and germination rate of rice seeds than the control in 11. 87% sprout inhibition rate and 7.11% germination inhibition rate respectively,while the treatment of C. segetum were 6. 9% and 7. 11% respectively,and the treatment of V. didyma were 8. 00% and 5. 24% respectively. The seedling dry weight of the treatment of E.helioscopia was significantly lower than the control by 12. 62%,while the treatments of S. asper,G. carolinianum,C.segetum were significantly higher than the control by 8. 28%,7. 40% and 4. 48% respectively. On the condition of immersion in water extracts and germination in water,the sprout inhibition rate and germination inhibition rate of rice seeds of the C. segetum. treatment were 6. 52% and 6. 37% respectively,the sprout inhibition rate of D. sophia and V,didyma were 6. 89% and 7. 67% respectively. The seedling dry weight of the treatments of D sophia,C. segetum and S. asper were significantly higher than the control by 13. 06%,9. 63% and 7. 82% respectively. On the condition of immersion in water and germination in water extracts,the treatments of six kinds of weeds had no influence on sprout either germination of rice seeds,but the seedling dry weight was significantly increased by 5. 62% to 14. 34%.
引文
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[7]钱振官,沈国辉,柴晓玲,等.加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis L.)不同水浸液对作物种子发芽和生长的影响[J].上海农业学报,2005,21(3):32-35.
[8]关亚丽,欧启剧,李雪莹.假马鞭花器官水浸液对6种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(2):37-40.
[9]钱春荣,王俊河,冯延江,等.不同浸种时间对水稻种子发芽势和发芽率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(9):183-185.
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[11]龚勋,王珩义.不同年生紫茎泽兰不同部位水浸液对甜荞种子萌发的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(3):161-164.
[12]张新叶,陈慧玲,李振芳,等.油茶水浸提液对紫苏种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应[J].林业科技开发,2014,28(2):42-44.
[13]周兵.3种克隆型伴生杂草提取物对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(8):71-76.
[14]周兵,闫小红,钟娟,等.3种莎草属伴生杂草提取物对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(9):1542-1548.
[15]许轲,唐磊,郭保卫,等.不同直播方式水稻产量及其物质生产特点[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,35(3):42-47.
[16]余铮,邓莉立,谭显胜,等.20%双草醚可湿性粉剂对水稻直播田杂草的防除效果及安全性评价[J].杂草学报,2017,35(3):38-42.
[17]朱新文,施慎年,吴佳文.水稻旱直播田47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂除草效果及安全性[J].杂草学报,2016,34(4):39-42.
[2]吴海荣,强胜.外来杂草波斯婆婆纳的化感作用研究[J].种子,2008,27(9):67-69,73.
[3]李玮.播娘蒿对2种禾本科杂草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2014,33(11):18-22.
[4]许桂芳,王鸿升,刘明久.外来植物续断菊的化感作用研究[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(5):141-144.
[5]刘晶.泽漆水浸提液对3种蔬菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2016,35(2):84-86.
[6]李淑梅,王付娟.水花生不同部位水浸液对黑麦草种子的化感作用[J].种子,2016,35(6):96-98.
[7]钱振官,沈国辉,柴晓玲,等.加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis L.)不同水浸液对作物种子发芽和生长的影响[J].上海农业学报,2005,21(3):32-35.
[8]关亚丽,欧启剧,李雪莹.假马鞭花器官水浸液对6种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(2):37-40.
[9]钱春荣,王俊河,冯延江,等.不同浸种时间对水稻种子发芽势和发芽率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(9):183-185.
[10]谷茂,杜红.作物种子生产与管理[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,2010:274.
[11]龚勋,王珩义.不同年生紫茎泽兰不同部位水浸液对甜荞种子萌发的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(3):161-164.
[12]张新叶,陈慧玲,李振芳,等.油茶水浸提液对紫苏种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应[J].林业科技开发,2014,28(2):42-44.
[13]周兵.3种克隆型伴生杂草提取物对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(8):71-76.
[14]周兵,闫小红,钟娟,等.3种莎草属伴生杂草提取物对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(9):1542-1548.
[15]许轲,唐磊,郭保卫,等.不同直播方式水稻产量及其物质生产特点[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,35(3):42-47.
[16]余铮,邓莉立,谭显胜,等.20%双草醚可湿性粉剂对水稻直播田杂草的防除效果及安全性评价[J].杂草学报,2017,35(3):38-42.
[17]朱新文,施慎年,吴佳文.水稻旱直播田47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂除草效果及安全性[J].杂草学报,2016,34(4):39-42.