发酵湿料对奶牛产奶量和饲料消化率的影响
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摘要
[目的]观察饲喂微生物发酵后的发酵湿料对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及其对饲料消化率的影响。[方法]选用全群泌乳期奶牛,按试验目的均匀分为4组,分别为新高产空白组(1组)、新高产试验组(2组)、中低产空白组(3组)、中低产试验组(4组)。新高产试验组(2组)和中低产试验组(4组)每头牛每天饲喂2 kg的发酵湿料,新高产空白组(1组)和中低产空白组(3组)不饲喂发酵湿料。[结果]发酵湿料对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛产奶量有明显影响(P<0.05);新高产试验组(2组)奶牛采食量高于新高产空白组(1组);粪筛数据显示,试验组与空白组相比,粪筛第一层比例普遍低2.80%～4.89%。[结论]泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛饲喂发酵湿料可显著提高奶牛产奶量及其对饲料的消化率。
[Objective]To evaluate the effect of microbial fermented-wet feed on milk yield and nutrient digestibility of Holstein cows. [Method]Cows were divided into four groups according to their milking capacity. Group 1 and group 2 were composed of high-producing cows, whereas group 3 and group 4 were composed of moderate-and low-producing cows. The group 2 and group 4 were set as experimental groups whose basal diet were supplemented with 2 kg fermented-wet feed per day. The group 1 and group 3, serving as control groups, were fed with basal diet without addition of fermented-wet feed. [Result] Significant effect of fermented-wet feed on milk yield of Holstein cows was observed(P<0.05); group 2 had higher feed intake compared to group1; manure screener data showed that the percent of top screen of the experimental groups was generally reduced by 2.80% to 4.89% compared to group 1. [Conclusion] Dietary supplementation of fermented-wet feed in lactating period can significantly improve the milk yield and nutrient digestibility of Holstein cows.
[Objective]To evaluate the effect of microbial fermented-wet feed on milk yield and nutrient digestibility of Holstein cows. [Method]Cows were divided into four groups according to their milking capacity. Group 1 and group 2 were composed of high-producing cows, whereas group 3 and group 4 were composed of moderate-and low-producing cows. The group 2 and group 4 were set as experimental groups whose basal diet were supplemented with 2 kg fermented-wet feed per day. The group 1 and group 3, serving as control groups, were fed with basal diet without addition of fermented-wet feed. [Result] Significant effect of fermented-wet feed on milk yield of Holstein cows was observed(P<0.05); group 2 had higher feed intake compared to group1; manure screener data showed that the percent of top screen of the experimental groups was generally reduced by 2.80% to 4.89% compared to group 1. [Conclusion] Dietary supplementation of fermented-wet feed in lactating period can significantly improve the milk yield and nutrient digestibility of Holstein cows.
引文
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[12]郭春燕,程发祥,王文奇,等.低发酵棉粕日粮对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(8):31-33.
[13]姜莉莉,周瑾洁,王旭东,等.微生物菌群发酵生产化学品的研究进展[J].生物工程学报,2016,32(11):1496-1506.
[14]敖维平,张蕾,周东年,等.不同菌株发酵降解棉粕蛋白质的特性[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(1):366-368.
[15]孙焕林,孙新文,李洪,等.枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉粕营养特性的研究[J].饲料研究,2015(10):16-19.
[16]黄良策,周凌云,卜登攀,等.益生菌对泌乳后期奶牛生产性能的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(增刊):406-409.
[2]周建中,张晖.棉籽蛋白的研究进展及其在食品中的应用[J].农产品加工(学刊),2014(6a):53-57.
[3]王晓玲,刘倩,韩伟,等.棉酚脱除菌株的筛选及棉粕混菌固态发酵研究[J].粮油食品科技,2016,24(1):81-85.
[4]TANG J W,SUN H,YAO X H,et al.Effects of replacement of soybean meal by fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance,serum biochemical parameters and immune function of yellow-feathered broilers[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(3):393-400.
[5]贾晓锋,李爱科,姚军虎,等.固态发酵对棉籽粕棉酚脱毒及蛋白降解的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(3):49-54.
[6]DAI C H,ZHANG L P,MA H L,et al. UltrasoundAssisted detoxification of free gossypol from cottonseed meal[J].Journal of Food Process Engineering,2015,40(1):e12265.
[7]ZHANG W J,XU S H,ZHAO S H,et al. Development of a microbial fermentation process for detoxification of gossypol in cottonseed meal[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,2007,135(2):176-186.
[8]辛迎雪.发酵饲料专用微生物的筛选研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2015.
[9]李春笋,郭顺星.微生物混合发酵的研究及应用[J].微生物学通报,2004,31(3):156-161.
[10]张光勤,赵振升,宋经磊,等.饲料中添加湿态发酵蛋白饲料对奶牛产奶性能的作用[J].中国乳业,2012(10):28-30.
[11]王春芳,李全丰,程茂基.棉籽饼粕的毒性物质及其微生物脱毒的研究[J].饲料研究,2011(3):18-19.
[12]郭春燕,程发祥,王文奇,等.低发酵棉粕日粮对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(8):31-33.
[13]姜莉莉,周瑾洁,王旭东,等.微生物菌群发酵生产化学品的研究进展[J].生物工程学报,2016,32(11):1496-1506.
[14]敖维平,张蕾,周东年,等.不同菌株发酵降解棉粕蛋白质的特性[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(1):366-368.
[15]孙焕林,孙新文,李洪,等.枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉粕营养特性的研究[J].饲料研究,2015(10):16-19.
[16]黄良策,周凌云,卜登攀,等.益生菌对泌乳后期奶牛生产性能的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(增刊):406-409.