取向硅钢服役过程中绝缘涂层劣化规律与评价
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摘要
为了提高电力变压器运行维护效率,跟踪分析了服役时间为0～35年的主变压器、厂用变压器、配电变压器中取向硅钢绝缘涂层性能及微观形貌特征,并模拟变压器油环境(不同硫质量分数、酸浓度、温度、纸板等)开展了硅钢涂层加速劣化试验,对绝缘涂层的服役性能进行评价。随着变压器运行时间延长,铁芯中硅钢涂层绝缘电阻及附着性逐步下降,涂层表面粗糙并出现腐蚀坑、裂纹等微观缺陷,且在配电变压器中的腐蚀速率大于高电压等级变压器。初步确立了绝缘涂层加速劣化试验条件与变压器实际运行数十年后涂层状态之间的等效关系,可支撑在役变压器铁芯材料服役状态评估及寿命预测。
In order to improve the efficiency of operation and maintenance of power transformers,the properties and micromorphology characteristics of the insulation coating of the grain-oriented(GO)silicon steel in different types of transformers with the service time of 0-35 years were analyzed. The accelerated deterioration experiment of GO steel coating was carried out by simulating the transformer oil environment(different concentrations of the sulfur,the acid,the temperature and the cardboard etc),and the service performance of the insulation coating was evaluated. With the increasing of the operation time of the transformer,the insulation resistance and the adhesion of the silicon steel coating gradually decreased. Also,the coating surface became rough and corrosion pits and micro cracks appeared. The corrosion rate in the distribution transformer was greater than that in the high voltage transformer. Finally,the equivalent relation between the accelerated deterioration test condition of the insulation coating and the coating state after the actual operation for several decades in transformer was preliminarily established,which can support the evaluation of the service state and the service life prediction of the transformer core material.
In order to improve the efficiency of operation and maintenance of power transformers,the properties and micromorphology characteristics of the insulation coating of the grain-oriented(GO)silicon steel in different types of transformers with the service time of 0-35 years were analyzed. The accelerated deterioration experiment of GO steel coating was carried out by simulating the transformer oil environment(different concentrations of the sulfur,the acid,the temperature and the cardboard etc),and the service performance of the insulation coating was evaluated. With the increasing of the operation time of the transformer,the insulation resistance and the adhesion of the silicon steel coating gradually decreased. Also,the coating surface became rough and corrosion pits and micro cracks appeared. The corrosion rate in the distribution transformer was greater than that in the high voltage transformer. Finally,the equivalent relation between the accelerated deterioration test condition of the insulation coating and the coating state after the actual operation for several decades in transformer was preliminarily established,which can support the evaluation of the service state and the service life prediction of the transformer core material.
引文
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[14]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 2521.2-2016全工艺冷轧电工钢第2部分:晶粒取向钢带(片)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.(Standardization Administration of China.GB/T 2521.2-2016 Cold-rolled Electrical Steel Delivered in the Fully-Processed State-Part 2:Grain-Oriented Steel Strip(Sheet)[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016.)
[2]夏彬,韩松,张楠,等.硅钢的研究现状及发展趋势[J].中国冶金,2018,28(6):9.(XIA Bin,HAN Song,ZHANG Nan,et al.Research status and development trend of silicon steel[J].China Metallurgy,2018,28(6):9.)
[3]胡守天,孔祥华,李平和,等.取向硅钢绝缘涂层结构及其对铁芯损耗的影响[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,31(10):1277.(HU Shou-tian,KONG Xiang-hua,LI Ping-he,et al.Microstructure of insulating coatings and their influence on the iron loss of oriented silicon steel[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2009,31(10):1277.)
[4]Beyer E,Lahn L,Schepers C,et al.The influence of compressive stress applied by hard coatings on the power loss of grain oriented electrical steel sheet[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2011,323(15),1985.
[5]仇圣桃,付兵,项利,等.高磁感取向硅钢生产技术与工艺的研发进展及趋势[J].钢铁,2013,48(3):1.(QIU Sheng-tao,FU Bing,XIANG Li,et al.Recent research trends and developments of production process and technology for high magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel[J].Iron and Steel,2013,48(3):1.)
[6]赵健,肖福明,张辉宁.绝缘涂层对高磁感取向硅钢片性能的影响[J].变压器,2002,39(5):25.(ZHAO Jian,XIAO Fuming,ZHANG Hui-ning.Influence of insulation coating on characteristics of high magnetic induction oriented sheet steel[J].Transformer,2002,39(5):25.)
[7]陈武山,王晨,付骏,等.取向硅钢表面绝缘涂层微结构与耐腐蚀性能[J].材料工程,2016,44(2):101.(CHEN Wu-shan,WANG Chen,FU Jun,et al.Microstructure and corrosion resistance of surface insulation coating on grain-oriented silicon steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2016,44(2):101.)
[8]程灵,魏剑啸,马光,等.配电变压器用二次硅钢片性能评估及鉴定[J].中国电力,2016,49(2):73.(CHENG Ling,WEI Jian-xiao,MA Guang,et al.Performance assessment of used grain-oriented silicon steel sheet in distribution transformer and its inspection technique[J].Electric Power,2016,49(2):73.)
[9]程灵,马光,郭大为,等.服役25年变压器铁心中取向硅钢性能演变规律[J].钢铁研究学报,2018,30(1):71.(CHENGLing,MA Guang,GUO Da-wei,et al.Performance evaluation law of grain-oriented silicon steel in transformer core after 25years service[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2018,30(1):71.)
[10]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 2522-2007电工钢片(带)表面绝缘电阻、涂层附着性测试方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.(Standardization Administration of China.GB/T2522-2007 Methods of Test for the Determination of Surface Insulation Resistance and Lamination Factor of Electric Sheet and Strip[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007.)
[11]国家标准化管理委员会.GB 2536-2011电工流体变压器和开关用的未使用过的矿物绝缘油[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.(Standardization Administration of China.GB 2536-2011Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications-Unused Mineral Insulating Oils for Transformers and Switchgear[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011.)
[12]纪忆,张永海.硅钢绝缘涂层发展现状及研究进展[J].绝缘材料,2017,50(6):1.(JI Yi,ZHANG Yong-hai.Development status and research progress of silicon steel insulating coating[J].Insulating Materials,2017,50(6):1.)
[13]Puzhevich R,Tsyrlin M,Korzunin G.Effect of electrical insulating coatings on the properties of anisotropic electrical-sheet steel[J].Physics of Metals and Metallography,2006,102(4):366.
[14]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 2521.2-2016全工艺冷轧电工钢第2部分:晶粒取向钢带(片)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.(Standardization Administration of China.GB/T 2521.2-2016 Cold-rolled Electrical Steel Delivered in the Fully-Processed State-Part 2:Grain-Oriented Steel Strip(Sheet)[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016.)