稻纵卷叶螟对不同植物的产卵趋性与取食选择
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摘要
【目的】稻纵卷叶螟是我国水稻上的一种重要害虫,在田间除水稻之外还可取食多种禾本科植物并完成生活史,但在大发生年份该虫几乎只在水稻上发生。本研究旨在明确该虫在水稻及其他寄主植物上的产卵选择及后代取食趋性的机制。【方法】采用室内笼罩选择实验比较了稻纵卷叶螟在水稻、玉米、稗草、狗尾草上的产卵与取食选择性以及取食经历对产卵、取食选择的影响。【结果】在笼罩条件下稻纵卷叶螟成虫在水稻叶片上的着卵量占总卵量的49.08%,显著高于其他三种植物;幼虫取食水稻后发育历期为17.29 d,显著短于取食玉米和狗尾草,同时取食水稻后蛹重最重;幼虫期分别取食水稻和玉米的稻纵卷叶螟成虫对四种植物的产卵选择无变化,仍显著偏好选择水稻产卵;低龄幼虫的取食选择性在几种植物之间无显著差异,低龄期取食水稻的幼虫发育到3龄、4龄后对寄主的取食选择顺序为狗尾草>水稻、稗草>玉米;低龄期取食玉米的幼虫发育到3龄、4龄后对寄主的取食选择为狗尾草>玉米>水稻、稗草。【结论】稻纵卷叶螟成虫显著偏好在水稻上产卵,产卵选择性不受幼虫取食经历影响,产卵选择性与幼虫的取食选择性并不一致。幼虫取食水稻的发育历期最短,蛹重最高。高龄幼虫显著偏好取食狗尾草,同时,低龄期的取食经历改变了高龄幼虫对水稻和玉米的取食偏好。
【Objective】The rice leaffolder(RLF) [Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)] is a kind of pests that bring serious harm to rice. The RLF can complete life cycle on a variety of gramineous plants, but almost only exclusively in rice in the field even in the outbreak years. Our aim is to recover the mechanism of oviposition and feeding preference of the RLF for rice and other host plants.【Method】We compared the oviposition and feeding preference of the RLF for four different plants: Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv and Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv. We also analyzed the influence of feeding experience on oviposition preference. 【Result】The results showed that the female adults of the RLF have obvious oviposition preference, 49.08% of eggs were laid on rice in rearing cages, significantly higher than other plants. The development duration of larvae fed on rice was 17.29 d, significantly shorter than that on Zea mays and Setaria glauca. The oviposition preference of the female fed on rice and maize had no significant difference. The old larvae showed significant feeding preference. The feeding preference of the 3rd-and 4th-instar larvae fedon Oryza sativa followed the trend of Setaria glauca> Oryza sativa, Echinochloa crus-galli > Zea mays, while for the young larvae fed on Zea mays, the preference followed the tendency of Setaria glauca> Zea mays > Oryza sativa, Echinochloa crus-galli. 【Conclusion】These results suggest that rice had the highest number of eggs, but the oviposition preference was not positively related to larval feeding selectivity. The larval growth and development was the best on rice, and the feeding experience may change the feeding preference of larvae partially.
【Objective】The rice leaffolder(RLF) [Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)] is a kind of pests that bring serious harm to rice. The RLF can complete life cycle on a variety of gramineous plants, but almost only exclusively in rice in the field even in the outbreak years. Our aim is to recover the mechanism of oviposition and feeding preference of the RLF for rice and other host plants.【Method】We compared the oviposition and feeding preference of the RLF for four different plants: Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv and Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv. We also analyzed the influence of feeding experience on oviposition preference. 【Result】The results showed that the female adults of the RLF have obvious oviposition preference, 49.08% of eggs were laid on rice in rearing cages, significantly higher than other plants. The development duration of larvae fed on rice was 17.29 d, significantly shorter than that on Zea mays and Setaria glauca. The oviposition preference of the female fed on rice and maize had no significant difference. The old larvae showed significant feeding preference. The feeding preference of the 3rd-and 4th-instar larvae fedon Oryza sativa followed the trend of Setaria glauca> Oryza sativa, Echinochloa crus-galli > Zea mays, while for the young larvae fed on Zea mays, the preference followed the tendency of Setaria glauca> Zea mays > Oryza sativa, Echinochloa crus-galli. 【Conclusion】These results suggest that rice had the highest number of eggs, but the oviposition preference was not positively related to larval feeding selectivity. The larval growth and development was the best on rice, and the feeding experience may change the feeding preference of larvae partially.
引文
[1]Khan Z R,Rueda B P,Caballero P.Behavioral and physiological responses of rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to selected wild rices.Ent Exp&Appl,1989,52(1):7-13.
[2]翟保平,张孝羲.水稻重大害虫的灾变规律及其预警:回顾与展望.昆虫知识,2000,37(1):41-45.Zhai B P,Zhang X X.Cataclysmic law and early warning of major pests in Rice:Review and prospect.Chin Bull Entomol,2000,37(1):41-45.
[3]刘宇,王建强,冯晓东,蒋学辉.2007年全国稻纵卷叶螟发生实况分析与2008年发生趋势预测.中国植保导刊,2008,28(7):33-35.Liu Y,Wang J Q,Feng X D,Jiang X H.Analysis on the occurrence of rice leaf roller in 2007 and trend forecast in the year of 2008.China Plant prot,2008,28(7):33-35.
[4]齐国君,芦芳,高燕,梁居林,蓝日青,张孝羲,翟保平,吕利华.稻纵卷叶螟2010年的一次迁飞过程及其虫源分析.昆虫学报,2011(10):46-49.Qi G J,Lu F,Gao Y,Liang J L,Lan R Q,Zhang X X,Zhai B P,Lu L H.Analysis of a migration process and the source population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)in 2010.Acta Entomol Sin,2011,54(10):1194-1203.
[5]廖怀建,黄建荣,刘向东.利用玉米苗饲养稻纵卷叶螟的方法.应用昆虫学报,2012,49(4):1078-1082.Liao H J,Huang J R,Liu X D.The method for mass rearing of rice leaf folder(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)using maize seedlings.Chin J Appl Entomol,2012,49(4):1078-1082.
[6]但建国,陈长铭.食料条件对稻纵卷叶螟生长发育和繁殖的影响.植物保护学报,1990,17(3):191-199.Dan J G,Chen C M.The effects of feeding condition on the growth,development,reproduction of rice leaf roller.Acta Phytophyl Sin,1990,17(3):193-199.
[7]李霞,徐秀秀,韩兰芝,王沫,侯茂林.不同水稻品种对稻纵卷叶螟生长发育、存活、生殖及飞行能力的影响.生态学报,2013,33(14):4370-4376.Li X,Xu X X,Han L Z,Wang M,Hou M L.Effects of different rice varieties on larval development,survival,adult reproduction,and flight capacity of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée).Acta Ecol Sin,2013,33(14):4370-4376.
[8]Ge L Q,Wan D J,Xu J,Jiang L B,Wu J C.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and magnesium manipulation on the Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).J Econ Entomol,2013,106(1):196-205.
[9]赵白鸽,申效诚.稻纵卷叶螟产卵选择性的探讨.植物保护,1991,17(2):24-25.Zhao B G,Shen X C.Oviposition selectivity of rice leaf roller.Plant Prot,1991,17(2):24-25.
[10]张凤娴.稻纵卷叶螟对几种禾本科植物的选择性.广州:华南农业大学,2009.Zhang F X.The selectivity of rice leaf roller to several grasses.Guangzhou:South China Agric Univ,2009.
[11]田卉,刘映红,万宣伍.稻纵卷叶螟对8个水稻品种的趋性及影响因素分析.中国植物保护学会2015年学术年会,2015.Tian H,Liu Y H,Wang X W.Analysis of factors affect tropism and leaf of 8 rice varieties of rice rolls.2015annual meeting of the Chinese Society for plant protection,2015.
[12]程建军,朱均,刘芳.稻纵卷叶螟对43种禾本科植物挥发物的触角电位(EAG)反应.应用昆虫学报,2016,53(3):472-481.Cheng J J,Zhu J,Liu F.EAG response of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to 43 graminaceous plant volatiles.Chin J Appl Entomol,2016,53(3):472-481.
[13]李传明,徐健,杨亚军,祁建杭,郑许松,王艳,刘琴,吕仲贤.人工饲料饲养稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育与繁殖.中国水稻科学,2011,25(3):321-325.Li C M,Xu J,Yang Y J,Qi J H,Zheng X S,Wang Y,Liu Q,Lu Z X.Growth and reproduction of Cnaphalocrocis medialis fed on improved artificialdiet.Chin J Rice Sci,2011,25(3):321-325.
[14]汤清波,王琛柱.一种测定鳞翅目幼虫取食选择的方法——叶碟法及其改进和注意事项.应用昆虫学报,2007,44(6):912-915.Tang Q B,Wang C Z.Leaf disc test used in caterpillar feeding preference study.Chin J Appl Entomol,2007,44(6):912-915.
[15]Mayhew P J.Herbivore host choice and optimal bad motherhood.Trends Ecol&Evol.2001,16(4):165-167.
[16]Cunningham J P.Can mechanism help explain insect host choice?J Evol Biol,2012,25(2):244-251.
[17]Shikano I,Y Akhtar,Isman M B.Relationship between adult and larval host plant selection and larval performance in the generalist moth,Trichoplusia ni.Arthropod-plant inter.2010,4(3):197-205.
[18]Th?ming G,Larsson M C,Hansson B S,Anderson P.Comparison of plant preference hierarchies of male and female moths and the impact of larval rearing hosts.Ecology.2013,94(8):1744-1752.
[19]Liu Z,Scheirs J,Heckel D J.Trade-offs of host use between generalist and specialist Helicoverpa sibling species:Adult oviposition and larval performance.Oecologia.2012,168(2):459-469.
[20]Beuzelin J M,Wilson,Showler A T,Meszaros A,Wilson B E,Way M O,Reagan T E.Oviposition and larval development of a stem borer,Eoreuma loftini,on rice and non-crop grass hosts.Entomol Exper et Appl.2013,146(3):332-346.
[21]P?ykk?,Heikki.Females and larvae of a geometrid moth,Cleorodes lichenaria,prefer a Lichen Host that assures shortest larval period.Environ Entomol,2006,35(6):1669-1680.
[22]Gripenberg S,Mayhew P J,Parnell M,Roslin T.A meta-analysis of preference–performance relationships in phytophagous insects.Ecol Let.2010,13(3):383-393.
[23]Moreau J,Rahme J,Benrey B,Thiéry D.Larval host plant origin modifies the adult oviposition preference of the female European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana.Sci Nat,2008,95(4):317-324.
[2]翟保平,张孝羲.水稻重大害虫的灾变规律及其预警:回顾与展望.昆虫知识,2000,37(1):41-45.Zhai B P,Zhang X X.Cataclysmic law and early warning of major pests in Rice:Review and prospect.Chin Bull Entomol,2000,37(1):41-45.
[3]刘宇,王建强,冯晓东,蒋学辉.2007年全国稻纵卷叶螟发生实况分析与2008年发生趋势预测.中国植保导刊,2008,28(7):33-35.Liu Y,Wang J Q,Feng X D,Jiang X H.Analysis on the occurrence of rice leaf roller in 2007 and trend forecast in the year of 2008.China Plant prot,2008,28(7):33-35.
[4]齐国君,芦芳,高燕,梁居林,蓝日青,张孝羲,翟保平,吕利华.稻纵卷叶螟2010年的一次迁飞过程及其虫源分析.昆虫学报,2011(10):46-49.Qi G J,Lu F,Gao Y,Liang J L,Lan R Q,Zhang X X,Zhai B P,Lu L H.Analysis of a migration process and the source population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)in 2010.Acta Entomol Sin,2011,54(10):1194-1203.
[5]廖怀建,黄建荣,刘向东.利用玉米苗饲养稻纵卷叶螟的方法.应用昆虫学报,2012,49(4):1078-1082.Liao H J,Huang J R,Liu X D.The method for mass rearing of rice leaf folder(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)using maize seedlings.Chin J Appl Entomol,2012,49(4):1078-1082.
[6]但建国,陈长铭.食料条件对稻纵卷叶螟生长发育和繁殖的影响.植物保护学报,1990,17(3):191-199.Dan J G,Chen C M.The effects of feeding condition on the growth,development,reproduction of rice leaf roller.Acta Phytophyl Sin,1990,17(3):193-199.
[7]李霞,徐秀秀,韩兰芝,王沫,侯茂林.不同水稻品种对稻纵卷叶螟生长发育、存活、生殖及飞行能力的影响.生态学报,2013,33(14):4370-4376.Li X,Xu X X,Han L Z,Wang M,Hou M L.Effects of different rice varieties on larval development,survival,adult reproduction,and flight capacity of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée).Acta Ecol Sin,2013,33(14):4370-4376.
[8]Ge L Q,Wan D J,Xu J,Jiang L B,Wu J C.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and magnesium manipulation on the Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).J Econ Entomol,2013,106(1):196-205.
[9]赵白鸽,申效诚.稻纵卷叶螟产卵选择性的探讨.植物保护,1991,17(2):24-25.Zhao B G,Shen X C.Oviposition selectivity of rice leaf roller.Plant Prot,1991,17(2):24-25.
[10]张凤娴.稻纵卷叶螟对几种禾本科植物的选择性.广州:华南农业大学,2009.Zhang F X.The selectivity of rice leaf roller to several grasses.Guangzhou:South China Agric Univ,2009.
[11]田卉,刘映红,万宣伍.稻纵卷叶螟对8个水稻品种的趋性及影响因素分析.中国植物保护学会2015年学术年会,2015.Tian H,Liu Y H,Wang X W.Analysis of factors affect tropism and leaf of 8 rice varieties of rice rolls.2015annual meeting of the Chinese Society for plant protection,2015.
[12]程建军,朱均,刘芳.稻纵卷叶螟对43种禾本科植物挥发物的触角电位(EAG)反应.应用昆虫学报,2016,53(3):472-481.Cheng J J,Zhu J,Liu F.EAG response of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to 43 graminaceous plant volatiles.Chin J Appl Entomol,2016,53(3):472-481.
[13]李传明,徐健,杨亚军,祁建杭,郑许松,王艳,刘琴,吕仲贤.人工饲料饲养稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育与繁殖.中国水稻科学,2011,25(3):321-325.Li C M,Xu J,Yang Y J,Qi J H,Zheng X S,Wang Y,Liu Q,Lu Z X.Growth and reproduction of Cnaphalocrocis medialis fed on improved artificialdiet.Chin J Rice Sci,2011,25(3):321-325.
[14]汤清波,王琛柱.一种测定鳞翅目幼虫取食选择的方法——叶碟法及其改进和注意事项.应用昆虫学报,2007,44(6):912-915.Tang Q B,Wang C Z.Leaf disc test used in caterpillar feeding preference study.Chin J Appl Entomol,2007,44(6):912-915.
[15]Mayhew P J.Herbivore host choice and optimal bad motherhood.Trends Ecol&Evol.2001,16(4):165-167.
[16]Cunningham J P.Can mechanism help explain insect host choice?J Evol Biol,2012,25(2):244-251.
[17]Shikano I,Y Akhtar,Isman M B.Relationship between adult and larval host plant selection and larval performance in the generalist moth,Trichoplusia ni.Arthropod-plant inter.2010,4(3):197-205.
[18]Th?ming G,Larsson M C,Hansson B S,Anderson P.Comparison of plant preference hierarchies of male and female moths and the impact of larval rearing hosts.Ecology.2013,94(8):1744-1752.
[19]Liu Z,Scheirs J,Heckel D J.Trade-offs of host use between generalist and specialist Helicoverpa sibling species:Adult oviposition and larval performance.Oecologia.2012,168(2):459-469.
[20]Beuzelin J M,Wilson,Showler A T,Meszaros A,Wilson B E,Way M O,Reagan T E.Oviposition and larval development of a stem borer,Eoreuma loftini,on rice and non-crop grass hosts.Entomol Exper et Appl.2013,146(3):332-346.
[21]P?ykk?,Heikki.Females and larvae of a geometrid moth,Cleorodes lichenaria,prefer a Lichen Host that assures shortest larval period.Environ Entomol,2006,35(6):1669-1680.
[22]Gripenberg S,Mayhew P J,Parnell M,Roslin T.A meta-analysis of preference–performance relationships in phytophagous insects.Ecol Let.2010,13(3):383-393.
[23]Moreau J,Rahme J,Benrey B,Thiéry D.Larval host plant origin modifies the adult oviposition preference of the female European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana.Sci Nat,2008,95(4):317-324.