黄、渤海区不同生态类型鱼卵卵膜和受精孔区亚显微形态
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摘要
黄、渤海区分布的硬骨鱼类鱼卵几乎涵盖了所有鱼卵生态类型。本研究借助扫描电镜观察技术对近年来黄、渤海渔业资源监测调查期间采集的15种不同生态类型鱼卵卵膜和受精孔区亚显微形态特征进行观察,以阐明其亚显微结构并总结提炼可用于鱼卵形态分类的特征,同时将相应鱼种产卵场环境因子引入到卵膜形态特征的认识中,以揭示其生境适应性。结果显示不同生态类型或不同鱼种卵膜形态不尽相同,浮性鱼卵和口含鱼卵卵膜较薄,沉性鱼卵和具卵膜丝鱼卵卵膜较厚;浮性鱼卵卵膜表面壁孔密度、卵膜外表面呈现的蚀刻或特殊结构以及受精孔形状类型,沉性鱼卵卵膜黏膜层表面结构、受精孔形状类型,具卵膜丝鱼卵卵膜丝数量、着生位置及受精孔形状类型,口含鱼卵受精孔区形状及周边附着丝数量等均可用于鱼卵形态分类。鱼卵卵膜和受精孔区亚显微结构差异与鱼种系统分类地位、产卵场环境和地理分布区相关联。鱼卵卵膜表面结构可以作为区分鱼类科或属的性状,卵膜壁孔密度、表面呈现的蚀刻或奇异结构是鱼卵形态分类的重要依据;受精孔结构则一般具有物种特异性。卵膜结构与厚度可反映鱼卵对不同生境的适应性,而卵膜表面的许多特殊结构和装饰被认为是鱼卵应对产卵场环境的保护和适应性策略。本研究将为黄、渤海区硬骨鱼类早期生活史阶段个体发生和鱼卵形态分类研究积累基础资料。
Marine teleosts eggs distributed in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea cover almost all the egg ecological types. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) observation was conducted to examine the ultrastructure of external egg membrane and micropyle of the 15 species with different egg ecological types which have been collected during the fisheries resource surveys in recent years. Taxonomic diagnostic ultrastructures have been accumulated,also habitat suitability of some related ultrastructures have been discussed. Current SEM studies have demonstrated that ultrastructure of the external egg membrane varies among egg ecological types or even among species. The external egg membrane of the floating eggs and mouth-breeding eggs was thin, but was thick in the demersal eggs and the eggs with adhesive egg filaments. The pores distribution density, sculptured patterns and peculiar elaborations of the external egg membrane and type of the micropyle in the floating eggs; fine structure of the external egg membrane and type of the micropyle in the demersal eggs; number and location of membrane thread or filament of the external egg membrane and type of the micropyle in the adhensive eggs; number and arrangement of the filaments and surface ridges in the micropyle region in the mouth-breeding eggs could be used as the diagnostic characters in taxonomy of fish eggs. Untrastructural differences in envelope surface and micropyle between species were associated with its systematic groups, spawning environment and geographic differences. Envelope surface ultrastructures were considered to be taxonomically useful features for identifying fish eggs to the family or genus level, with the pores distribution density, sculptured patterns and peculiar elaborations of the external egg membrane may be possible to assign the eggs to a species. While morphology of the micropyle was usually species-specific. Egg envelope structure and thickness of various teleosts often reflect the ecological challenges a species is faced with during its embryonic life stages. The sculptured patterns and peculiar elaborations on the outer egg membrane were considered as biological response to different habitat environments. The present study would accumulate basic data on ontogeny and morphological classification features during its embryonic life stages of the teleost fishes distributed in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.
Marine teleosts eggs distributed in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea cover almost all the egg ecological types. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) observation was conducted to examine the ultrastructure of external egg membrane and micropyle of the 15 species with different egg ecological types which have been collected during the fisheries resource surveys in recent years. Taxonomic diagnostic ultrastructures have been accumulated,also habitat suitability of some related ultrastructures have been discussed. Current SEM studies have demonstrated that ultrastructure of the external egg membrane varies among egg ecological types or even among species. The external egg membrane of the floating eggs and mouth-breeding eggs was thin, but was thick in the demersal eggs and the eggs with adhesive egg filaments. The pores distribution density, sculptured patterns and peculiar elaborations of the external egg membrane and type of the micropyle in the floating eggs; fine structure of the external egg membrane and type of the micropyle in the demersal eggs; number and location of membrane thread or filament of the external egg membrane and type of the micropyle in the adhensive eggs; number and arrangement of the filaments and surface ridges in the micropyle region in the mouth-breeding eggs could be used as the diagnostic characters in taxonomy of fish eggs. Untrastructural differences in envelope surface and micropyle between species were associated with its systematic groups, spawning environment and geographic differences. Envelope surface ultrastructures were considered to be taxonomically useful features for identifying fish eggs to the family or genus level, with the pores distribution density, sculptured patterns and peculiar elaborations of the external egg membrane may be possible to assign the eggs to a species. While morphology of the micropyle was usually species-specific. Egg envelope structure and thickness of various teleosts often reflect the ecological challenges a species is faced with during its embryonic life stages. The sculptured patterns and peculiar elaborations on the outer egg membrane were considered as biological response to different habitat environments. The present study would accumulate basic data on ontogeny and morphological classification features during its embryonic life stages of the teleost fishes distributed in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.
引文
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[4]Iconomidou V A,Chryssikos D G,Gionis V,et al Secondary structure of chorion proteins of the teleostean fish Dentex dentex by ATR FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy[J].Journal of Structural Biology,2000132:112-122.
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[7]Ortiz-Delgado J B,Porcelloni S,Fossi C,et al Histochemical characterization of oocytes of th swordfish Xiphias gladius[J].Scientia Marina,2008,72549-564.
[8]Fausto A M,Picchietti S,Taddei A R,et al.Formatio of the egg envelope of a teleost,Dicentrarchus labra(L.):immunochemical and cytochemical detection o multiple components[J].Anatomy and Embryology2004,208:43-53.
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[11]Huysentruyt F,Adriaens D.Adhesive structures in th eggs of Corydoras aeneus(Gill,1858;Callichthyidae)[J]Journal of Fish Biology,2005,66:871-876.
[12]Mekkawy I A A,Osman A G M.Ultrastructural studie of the morphological variations of the egg surface an envelopes of the African catfish Clarias gariepinu(Burchell,1822)before and after fertilisation,with discussion of the fertilisation mechanism[J].Scienti Marina,2006,70(S2):23-40.
[13]Hagstr?m B E,L?nning S.Electron microscopic studie of unfertilized and fertilized eggs from marin teleosts[J].Sarsia,1968,33:73-80.
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[15]Otani S,Iwai T,Nakahata S,et al.Artificial fertilizatio by intracytoplasmic sperm injection in a teleost fish,th Medaka(Oryzias latipes)[J].Biology of Reproduction2009,80:175-183.
[16]Kobayashi W,Yamamoto T S.Fine structure of th micropylar apparatus of the chum salmon egg,with discussion of the mechanism for blocking polyspermy[J]Journal of Experimental Biology,1981,217:265-275.
[17]Chen K C,Shao K T,Yang J S.Using micropyla ultrastructure for species identification and phylogeneti inference among four species of Sparidae[J].Journal o Fish Biology,1999,55:288-300.
[18]Riehl R,G?tting K J.Zu Struktur und Vorkommen de Mikropyle an Eizellen und Eiern von Knochenfischen(Teleosti)[J].Archiv für Hydrobiologie,1974,74:393402.
[19]Riehl R,Schulte E.Bestimmungsschlüssel de wichtigsten deutschen Süsswasser Teleosteer anhand ihrer Eier[J].Archiv für Hydrobiologie,1978,83:200212.
[20]Riehl R.The ecological significance of the egg envelop in teleosts with special reference to limnic species[J]Limnologica,1996,26:183-189.
[21]赵传絪,张仁斋,陆惠芬,等.中国近海鱼卵与仔鱼[M]上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985.Zhao C Y,Zhang R Z,Lu H F,et al.Fish eggs and larvae in the offshore waters of China[M].Shanghai Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1985(in Chinese).
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