华东安蕨卵发生的超微结构观察（英文）
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摘要
核心薄囊蕨是蕨类植物中的进化类群,但对受精作用具有显著影响的卵发生研究仍较少,该文利用超微技术对其中蹄盖蕨科的华东安蕨卵发生过程进行了研究,以进一步完善薄囊蕨植物卵发生的科学资料,为理解蕨类植物的有性生殖及演化机制奠定基础。超微结构观察显示:华东安蕨的幼卵和沟细胞在颈卵器中紧密联接;随后,在卵细胞上方出现了分离腔和临时细胞壁,但在卵细胞中间孔区处卵细胞和腹沟细胞始终联接在一起;分离腔中的无定形物质沉积在卵细胞的质膜外形成了1层加厚的卵膜,而在孔区处没有形成卵膜,该位置最后形成了受精孔。在进一步的卵发生过程中,卵细胞核变得高度不规则,形成了大量的核外突和核褶皱。
Oogenesis in Anisocampium sheareri was studied using ultrastructural methods to examine the egg structure influencing fertilization in the core leptosporangiate ferns,which is less studied.Ultrastructural observations indicated that the young egg and the canal cells are closely connected with each other in the cavity of the archegonium.Then,a separation cavity and a temporary wall are first formed above the egg during oogenesis with a pore region persistently connecting the egg and the ventral canal cell.The egg envelope is formed by deposition of amorphous materials in the separation cavity on the outer surface of plasmalemma.The egg envelope is not formed across the pore region;instead,a fertilization pore is formed.In the later stage of oogenesis,the egg nucleus becomes highly irregular and produces extensive evaginations and nuclear holds.The present investigation provided new data on oogenesis of the ferns,which contributes to understanding the cytological mechanism of the sexual reproduction of ferns and their evolution.
Oogenesis in Anisocampium sheareri was studied using ultrastructural methods to examine the egg structure influencing fertilization in the core leptosporangiate ferns,which is less studied.Ultrastructural observations indicated that the young egg and the canal cells are closely connected with each other in the cavity of the archegonium.Then,a separation cavity and a temporary wall are first formed above the egg during oogenesis with a pore region persistently connecting the egg and the ventral canal cell.The egg envelope is formed by deposition of amorphous materials in the separation cavity on the outer surface of plasmalemma.The egg envelope is not formed across the pore region;instead,a fertilization pore is formed.In the later stage of oogenesis,the egg nucleus becomes highly irregular and produces extensive evaginations and nuclear holds.The present investigation provided new data on oogenesis of the ferns,which contributes to understanding the cytological mechanism of the sexual reproduction of ferns and their evolution.
引文
[1]BELL P R,MHLETHALER K.The fine structure of the cells taking part in oogenesis in Pteridium aquilinum(L.)Kuhn[J].J.Ultra-structure Res.,1962,7:452-466.
[2]BELL P R,MHLETHALER K.A membrane peculiar to the egg in the gametophyte of Pteridium quilinum[J].Nature,1962,195:198.
[3]BELL P R,DUCKETT J G.Gametogenesis and fertilization in Pteridium[J].Bot.J.Linn.Soc.,1976,73:47-78.
[4]CAO J G,DAI X L,WANG Q X.Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on oogenesis of the fern Pteridium aquilinum[J].Sex PlantReprod,2012,25:147-156.
[5]BELL P R.Nucleocytoplasmic interaction during maturation of the egg of the fern Histiopteris incises(Thunb.)J.Smith[J].Ann.Bot.,1980,45:475-81.
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[11]CAO J G,DAI X L,WANG Q X.Archegonial development and oogenesis of the fern Plagiogyria euphlebia and their phylogenetic sig-nificance[J].Amer.Fern J.,2011,101:231-240.
[12]CAO J G,DAI X F,WANG Q X.Cytological features of oogenesis and their evolutionary significance in the fern Osmunda japonica[J].Sex Plant Reprod,2012,25:61-69.
[13]WANG G(王戈),YANG H(杨浩),WANG Q X(王全喜),et al.Development of gametophyte and oogenesis in the fern Conio-gramme emeiensis[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.Sin.(西北植物学报),2012,32(2):263-269(in Chinese).
[14]FASCIATI R,SCHNELLER J,JENNI V,et al.Fertilization in the fern Athyrium filix-femina(Pterophyta):II[J].Ultrastructure.Crypt.Bot.,1994,4:356-367.
[15]SMITH A R,PRYER K M,SCHUETTPELT E,et al.A classification for extant ferns[J].Taxon,2006,55:705-731.
[16]CAVE C F,BELL P R.The nature of the membrane around the egg of Pteridium aquilinum(L.)Kuhn[J].Ann.Bot.,1974,38:17-21.
[17]CAO J G(曹建国),YANG N Y(杨耐英),WANG Q X(王全喜).Observations on the formation and ultrastructure of the egg membranein the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides(L.)Brongn[J].Acta Bot.Yunnanica(云南植物研究),2008,30:543-548.
[18]ZINSMEISTER D D,CAROTHERS Z B.The fine structure of oogenesis in Marchantia polymorpha[J].Amer.J.Bot.,1974,61:499-512.
[19]CAVE C F,BELL P R.Evidence for the association of acyl transferases with the production of nuclear evaginations in maturing eggs ofthe fern Dryopteris filix-mas[J].Histochemistry,1975,44:57-65.
[20]BELL P R.Nucleocytopasmic interaction in the eggs of Pteridium aquilinum maturing in the presince of thiouracil[J].J.Cell Sci.,1972,Ⅱ:739-755.
[21]LAL M,KAUR G,CHAUHAN E.Ultrastructural studies on archegonial development in the moss Physcomitrium cyathicarpum[J].New Phytol.,1982,92:441-452.
[22]BELL P R.Features of egg cells of living reprsentatives of ancient families of ferns[J].Ann.Bot.,1986,57:613-621.
[2]BELL P R,MHLETHALER K.A membrane peculiar to the egg in the gametophyte of Pteridium quilinum[J].Nature,1962,195:198.
[3]BELL P R,DUCKETT J G.Gametogenesis and fertilization in Pteridium[J].Bot.J.Linn.Soc.,1976,73:47-78.
[4]CAO J G,DAI X L,WANG Q X.Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on oogenesis of the fern Pteridium aquilinum[J].Sex PlantReprod,2012,25:147-156.
[5]BELL P R.Nucleocytoplasmic interaction during maturation of the egg of the fern Histiopteris incises(Thunb.)J.Smith[J].Ann.Bot.,1980,45:475-81.
[6]BAO W M,HE Q,WANG Q X,et al.Ultrastructure of oogenesis in Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Bi-ology,2005,47(2):201-213.
[7]LOPEZ-SMITH R,RENZAGLIA A K.Sperm cell architecture,insemination,and fertilization in the model fern,Ceratopteris richardii[J].Sex.Plant Reprod,2008,21:153-167.
[8]CAO J G,YANG N Y,WANG Q X.Ultrastructure of the mature egg and fertilization in the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides(L.)Brongn[J].J.Integr.Plant Biol.,2009,51:243-250.
[9]CAO J G,WANG Q X,BAO W M.Formation of the fertilization pore during oogenesis of the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides[J].J.Inte-gr.Plant Biol.,2010,52:518-527.
[10]CAO J G,WANG Q X,DAI X L,et al.Ultrastructural observations of oogenesis in the fern Adiantum flabellulatum L.(Adiantaceae)[J].Amer.Fern J.,2010,100:93-102.
[11]CAO J G,DAI X L,WANG Q X.Archegonial development and oogenesis of the fern Plagiogyria euphlebia and their phylogenetic sig-nificance[J].Amer.Fern J.,2011,101:231-240.
[12]CAO J G,DAI X F,WANG Q X.Cytological features of oogenesis and their evolutionary significance in the fern Osmunda japonica[J].Sex Plant Reprod,2012,25:61-69.
[13]WANG G(王戈),YANG H(杨浩),WANG Q X(王全喜),et al.Development of gametophyte and oogenesis in the fern Conio-gramme emeiensis[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.Sin.(西北植物学报),2012,32(2):263-269(in Chinese).
[14]FASCIATI R,SCHNELLER J,JENNI V,et al.Fertilization in the fern Athyrium filix-femina(Pterophyta):II[J].Ultrastructure.Crypt.Bot.,1994,4:356-367.
[15]SMITH A R,PRYER K M,SCHUETTPELT E,et al.A classification for extant ferns[J].Taxon,2006,55:705-731.
[16]CAVE C F,BELL P R.The nature of the membrane around the egg of Pteridium aquilinum(L.)Kuhn[J].Ann.Bot.,1974,38:17-21.
[17]CAO J G(曹建国),YANG N Y(杨耐英),WANG Q X(王全喜).Observations on the formation and ultrastructure of the egg membranein the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides(L.)Brongn[J].Acta Bot.Yunnanica(云南植物研究),2008,30:543-548.
[18]ZINSMEISTER D D,CAROTHERS Z B.The fine structure of oogenesis in Marchantia polymorpha[J].Amer.J.Bot.,1974,61:499-512.
[19]CAVE C F,BELL P R.Evidence for the association of acyl transferases with the production of nuclear evaginations in maturing eggs ofthe fern Dryopteris filix-mas[J].Histochemistry,1975,44:57-65.
[20]BELL P R.Nucleocytopasmic interaction in the eggs of Pteridium aquilinum maturing in the presince of thiouracil[J].J.Cell Sci.,1972,Ⅱ:739-755.
[21]LAL M,KAUR G,CHAUHAN E.Ultrastructural studies on archegonial development in the moss Physcomitrium cyathicarpum[J].New Phytol.,1982,92:441-452.
[22]BELL P R.Features of egg cells of living reprsentatives of ancient families of ferns[J].Ann.Bot.,1986,57:613-621.