地铁区间隧道火灾烟气流动特性对人员疏散影响的数值模拟
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摘要
基于火灾动力学理论以及隧道火灾的特点,利用FDS软件对地铁区间隧道火灾进行数值模拟,分析了B型地铁列车中部起火、并在区间隧道内就地疏散的条件下,两侧车门同时开启和一侧车门开启时对火灾烟气流动特性的影响,得出两种情况下纵向疏散平台处的能见度、温度、CO浓度随时间的变化规律,并探究两种情况下火灾烟气对人员疏散的影响。结果表明:两侧车门同时开启时,在150 s出现危险状态,而一侧车门开启时,在100 s出现危险状态,同时疏散平台处的温度、CO浓度普遍较高,能见度较低;相比之下,地铁列车发生火灾时,两侧车门开启有利于人员的安全疏散。该研究可为地铁区间隧道火灾时的人员疏散和紧急救援提供依据。
Based on the fire dynamics theory,and the characteristics of tunnel fire,this paper simulates the fire in subway interval tunnel by using the FDS software.The paper analyzes the influence of two evacuation strategies on the fire smoke flow when the fire occurs in the middle of the B-type subway train and the evacuation is proceeded in the interval tunnel,namely,when the door on both sides are opened and when the door on one side is opened.The paper explores the variation of visibility,temperature,CO concentration with time in the two modes of lateral evacuation platform and the influence of the two evacuation strategies on the personnel evacuation.The results show that when the doors on both sides are opened at the same time,and the dangerous state occurs at 150 s,while when one side door is opened,the dangerous state occurs at 100 s.At the same time,the temperature and CO concentration are relatively higher,and the visibility is lower.In contrast,when the fire occurs,the opening of the doors on both sides is more conducive to personnel evacuation.The research may provide basis for personnel evacuation and emergency rescue in subway interval tunnel fire.
Based on the fire dynamics theory,and the characteristics of tunnel fire,this paper simulates the fire in subway interval tunnel by using the FDS software.The paper analyzes the influence of two evacuation strategies on the fire smoke flow when the fire occurs in the middle of the B-type subway train and the evacuation is proceeded in the interval tunnel,namely,when the door on both sides are opened and when the door on one side is opened.The paper explores the variation of visibility,temperature,CO concentration with time in the two modes of lateral evacuation platform and the influence of the two evacuation strategies on the personnel evacuation.The results show that when the doors on both sides are opened at the same time,and the dangerous state occurs at 150 s,while when one side door is opened,the dangerous state occurs at 100 s.At the same time,the temperature and CO concentration are relatively higher,and the visibility is lower.In contrast,when the fire occurs,the opening of the doors on both sides is more conducive to personnel evacuation.The research may provide basis for personnel evacuation and emergency rescue in subway interval tunnel fire.
引文
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[19]Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems:NFPA130—2014[S].Quincy,MA,USA:National Fire Protection Association,2014.
[2] 陈立林,罗恩民,刘冠华,等.典型地铁车站火灾人员疏散模拟与评估[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(4):123-128.
[3] 袁勇,邱俊男.地铁火灾的原因与统计分析[J].城市轨道交通研究,2014,17(7):26-31,61.
[4] 史聪灵,钟茂华,汪良旗,等.地铁车站及隧道全尺寸火灾实验研究(2)——区间隧道火灾[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(8):28-34.
[5] 王琛琛.城市轨道交通长大隧道区间火灾安全疏散问题研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017.
[6] 席亚军,林建辉,苏燕辰,等.地铁车厢火灾蔓延规律及人员疏散安全性研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2017,14(3):619-625.
[7] 朱常琳,孟双双,张荣国.阻塞比对地铁区间隧道火灾半横向排烟方式排烟效果的影响研究[J].工程建设与设计,2018(5):71-73.
[8] 田鑫.地铁车站火灾疏散研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.
[9] 史玉晓,张树平.竖井对地铁隧道自然排烟影响的数值模拟[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(6):768-771.
[10]地铁设计防火标准:GB 51298—2018[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2018.
[11]李骏,李春明.广州轨道交通七号线地铁车辆[J].电力机车与城轨车辆,2015,38(3):11-15.
[12]Meng N,Hu L H,Wu L.Numerical study on the optimization of smoke ventilation mode at the conjunction area between tunnel track and platform in emergency of a train fire at subway station[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2014,40:151-159.
[13]McGrattan K,McDermott R,Hostikka S,et al.Fire Dynamics Simulator Technical Reference Guide (Version 6)[R].Maryland,US:National Institute of Standards and Technology,2015:29-36.
[14]丁厚成,戚文竟,朱志伟.地铁车厢内部火灾烟气流动规律的数值模拟研究[J].安全与环境工程,2017,24(4):123-128.
[15]李建.地铁长大区间隧道火灾风机启动方案数值模拟研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(9):139-143.
[16]李强.地铁跨海隧道火灾FDS数值模拟研究[J].铁路技术创新,2016(6):30-34.
[17]刘斌,李冬,厉志强,等.B型地铁列车侧壁材料耐火性分析[J].电力机车与城轨车辆,2016,39(3):66-68.
[18]陈霖,毕海权,刘小霞,等.地铁隧道火灾临界风速数值模拟分析[J].制冷与空调(四川),2017,31(3):245-248.
[19]Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems:NFPA130—2014[S].Quincy,MA,USA:National Fire Protection Association,2014.