考虑变工况特性的微能源系统优化规划 (一)基本模型和分析
|
摘要
微能源系统是能源互联网发展应用的重要形式之一。微能源系统是一个多输入多输出系统,各类能源转换设备和存储设备构成系统输入和输出的耦合关系。各设备通常具有非线性工作特征,使其运行特性与设计点发生偏移。针对微能源系统输入/输出的非线性关系,考虑储能的接入,建立微能网变工况静态耦合模型和储能状态转移模型,通过输入能源的统一折合,定义系统综合能源消耗,并提出依据微增率安排能源转换设备出力的策略。最后,以一个包含光伏、配电变压器、天然气热电联供、热泵、电池储能、蓄热式电锅炉的系统对所建立模型进行了应用和验证。提出的考虑微能源系统变工况特性的通用模型,是微能源系统优化设计和运行的基础。
Micro-energy system is one of the important forms for the development and application of Energy Internet.A microenergy system is a multi-input and multi-output system with a coupling relationship constituted by energy conversion and storage devices.These devices usually have non-linear working characteristics,which means deviation from the design performance.A static coupling model is established considering the nonlinear relationship between the input and output of a multi-energy microgrid.At the same time,the state transfer equation for energy storage is given.The integrated energy consumption of the system is defined by unified input energy.And a load dispatch scheme of energy conversion devices based on incremental rate is proposed.Finally,the model is applied and validated in a system which includes photovoltaic,distribution transformer,combined heat power generation,heat pump,battery storage and regenerative electric boiler.The proposed general model considering off-design performance of devices provides the basis for optimal design and operation of micro-energy system.
Micro-energy system is one of the important forms for the development and application of Energy Internet.A microenergy system is a multi-input and multi-output system with a coupling relationship constituted by energy conversion and storage devices.These devices usually have non-linear working characteristics,which means deviation from the design performance.A static coupling model is established considering the nonlinear relationship between the input and output of a multi-energy microgrid.At the same time,the state transfer equation for energy storage is given.The integrated energy consumption of the system is defined by unified input energy.And a load dispatch scheme of energy conversion devices based on incremental rate is proposed.Finally,the model is applied and validated in a system which includes photovoltaic,distribution transformer,combined heat power generation,heat pump,battery storage and regenerative electric boiler.The proposed general model considering off-design performance of devices provides the basis for optimal design and operation of micro-energy system.
引文
[1]杨经纬,张宁,王毅,等.面向可再生能源消纳的多能源系统:述评与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):11-23.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171002004.YANG Jingwei,ZHANG Ning,WANG Yi,et al.Multi-energy system towards renewable energy accommodation:review and prospect[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):11-23.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171002004.
[2]邵成成,王锡凡,王秀丽,等.多能源系统分析规划初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3817-3828.SHAO Chengcheng,WANG Xifan,WANG Xiuli,et al.Probe into analysis and planning of multi-energy systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3817-3828.
[3]吴俊宏,谢胤喆,储真荣.微能源网商业运营服务产品探索[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(11):148-151.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151229101.WU Junhong,XIE Yinzhe,CHU Zhenrong.Exploration for commercial products of micro energy grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(11):148-151.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151229101.
[4]甘霖,陈瑜玮,刘育权,等.含可再生能源的微网冷-热-电多能流协同优化与案例分析[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):275-281.GAN Lin,CHEN Yuwei,LIU Yuquan,et al.Coordinative optimization of multiple energy flows for microgrid with renewable energy re-sources and case study[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(6):275-281.
[5]HOLJEVAC N,CAPUDER T,ZHANG N,et al.Corrective receding horizon scheduling of flexible distributed multi-energy microgrids[J].Applied Energy,2017,207:176-194.
[6]XU Xiandong,JIA Hongjie,WANG Dan,et al.Hierarchical energy management system for multi-source multi-product microgrids[J].Renewable Energy,2015,78:621-630.
[7]葛少云,李吉峰,刘洪,等.考虑多能耦合及品位差异的含储能微网可靠性评估[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(4):165-173.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170903002.GE Shaoyun,LI Jifeng,LIU Hong,et al.Reliability evaluation of microgrid containing energy storage system considering multienergy coupling and grade difference[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(4):165-173.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170903002.
[8]EDUARDO A,MARTNEZ C,NICHOLAS G,et al.Technoeconomic and business case assessment of multi-energy microgrids[J/OL].Applied Energy[2017-10-20].http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.131.
[9]GEIDL M,ANDERSSON G.Operational and structural optimization of multi-carrier energy systems[J].European Transactions on Electrical Power,2006,16(5):463-77.
[10]SCHULZE M,FRIEDRICH L,GAUTSCHI M.Modeling and optimization of renewables:applying the energy hub approach[C]//IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies,November 24-27,2008,Singapore:83-88.
[11]AH CˇIN P,IKI C'M.Simulating demand response and energy storage in energy distribution systems[C]//International Conference on Power System Technology,October 24-28,2010,Hangzhou,China.
[12]WASILEWSKI J.Integrated modeling of microgrid for steadystate analysis using modified concept of multi-carrier energy hub[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2015,73:891-898.
[13]LAURA M.RAMREZ E,PAAP C.Scheduling and control framework for distribution-level systems containing multiple energy carrier systems:theoretical approach and illustrative example[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2014,66:194-215.
[14]PARISIO A,VECCHIO C D,VACCARO A.A robust optimization approach to energy hub management[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2012,42:98-104.
[15]ARNOLD M,NEGENBORN R,ANDERSSON G,et al.Model-based predictive control applied to multi-carrier energy systems[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 26-30,2009,Calgary,Canada.
[16]ARNOLD M,NEGENBORN R,ANDERSSON G,et al.Distributed predictive control for energy hub coordination in coupled electricity and gas networks[C]//European Control Conference(ECC),August 23-26,2009,Budapest,Hungary.
[17]金红光,隋军,徐聪,等.多能源互补的分布式冷热电联产系统理论与方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(12):3150-3161.JIN Hongguang,SUI Jun,XU Cong,et al.Research on theory and method of multi-energy complementary distributed CCHP system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(12):3150-3161.
[18]李建林,田立亭,来小康.能源互联网背景下的电力储能技术[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(1):15-25.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150906004.LI Jianlin,TIAN Liting,LAI Xiaokang.Outlook of electrical energy storage technologies under Energy Internet background[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(1):15-25.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150906004.
[19]KRAUSE T,KIENZLE F,ART S,et al.Maximizing exergy efficiency in multi-carrier energy systems[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 25-29,2010,Providence,USA.
[20]LI Zhengshuo,GUO Qinglai,SUN Hongbin,et al.Sufficient conditions for exact relaxation of complementarity constraints for storage-concerned economic dispatch[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2016,31(2):1653-1654.
[21]焦阳,宋强,刘文华.光伏电池实用仿真模型及光伏发电系统仿真[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):198-202.JIAO Yang,SONG Qiang,LIU Wenhua.Practical simulation model of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic generation system and simulation[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):198-202.
[22]刘瑶.光伏并网变流器损耗分析与优化设计[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.LIU Yao.Loss analysis and optimization design of photovoltaic grid-connected converter[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2011.
[23]秦渊,杨洁,吕春杰.基于颜巴赫燃气内燃机的分布式能源系统变工况特性研究[J].分布式能源,2014,35(2):1-3.QIN Yuan,YANG Jie,LChunjie.Analysis of the off-design performance of DES based on JMS gas engine[J].Distributed Energy,2014,35(2):1-3.
[24]郑剑娇,郭培军,隋军,等.烟气吸收式能源互联网技术形态与关键技术[J].工程热物理学报,2012,33(8):1275-1278.ZHENG Jianjiao,GUO Peijun,SUI Jun,et al.Technology form and key skill of flue gas absorption energy internet[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2012,33(8):1275-1278.
[25]UNDERWOOD C.Advances in ground-source heat pump systems[M].UK:Woodhead Publishing,2016,387-421.
[26]KENNAI E,BANNISTER P.Simple,fully featured boiler loop modelling[C]//Eleventh International IBPSAConference,July 27-30,2009,Glasgow,Scotland:428-433.
[27]WU Z,ZHANG J,JIANG L,et al.The energy efficiency evaluation of hybrid energy storage system based on ultracapacitor and LiFePO4 battery[J].WSEAS Transactions on Systems,2012,11(3):95-105.
[28]DOLANP S,NEHRIR M,GEREZ V.Development of a Monte Carlo based aggregate model for residential electric heater loads[J].Electric Power System Research,1996,36:29-35.
[29]朱成章.关于我国电力与一次能源的比例关系[J].电力技术经济,2003,5:14-17.ZHU Chengzhang.On the relationship between the proportion of primary energy and electricity in China[J].Electric Power Technologic Economics,2003,5:14-17.
[2]邵成成,王锡凡,王秀丽,等.多能源系统分析规划初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3817-3828.SHAO Chengcheng,WANG Xifan,WANG Xiuli,et al.Probe into analysis and planning of multi-energy systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3817-3828.
[3]吴俊宏,谢胤喆,储真荣.微能源网商业运营服务产品探索[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(11):148-151.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151229101.WU Junhong,XIE Yinzhe,CHU Zhenrong.Exploration for commercial products of micro energy grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(11):148-151.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151229101.
[4]甘霖,陈瑜玮,刘育权,等.含可再生能源的微网冷-热-电多能流协同优化与案例分析[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):275-281.GAN Lin,CHEN Yuwei,LIU Yuquan,et al.Coordinative optimization of multiple energy flows for microgrid with renewable energy re-sources and case study[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(6):275-281.
[5]HOLJEVAC N,CAPUDER T,ZHANG N,et al.Corrective receding horizon scheduling of flexible distributed multi-energy microgrids[J].Applied Energy,2017,207:176-194.
[6]XU Xiandong,JIA Hongjie,WANG Dan,et al.Hierarchical energy management system for multi-source multi-product microgrids[J].Renewable Energy,2015,78:621-630.
[7]葛少云,李吉峰,刘洪,等.考虑多能耦合及品位差异的含储能微网可靠性评估[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(4):165-173.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170903002.GE Shaoyun,LI Jifeng,LIU Hong,et al.Reliability evaluation of microgrid containing energy storage system considering multienergy coupling and grade difference[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(4):165-173.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170903002.
[8]EDUARDO A,MARTNEZ C,NICHOLAS G,et al.Technoeconomic and business case assessment of multi-energy microgrids[J/OL].Applied Energy[2017-10-20].http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.131.
[9]GEIDL M,ANDERSSON G.Operational and structural optimization of multi-carrier energy systems[J].European Transactions on Electrical Power,2006,16(5):463-77.
[10]SCHULZE M,FRIEDRICH L,GAUTSCHI M.Modeling and optimization of renewables:applying the energy hub approach[C]//IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies,November 24-27,2008,Singapore:83-88.
[11]AH CˇIN P,IKI C'M.Simulating demand response and energy storage in energy distribution systems[C]//International Conference on Power System Technology,October 24-28,2010,Hangzhou,China.
[12]WASILEWSKI J.Integrated modeling of microgrid for steadystate analysis using modified concept of multi-carrier energy hub[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2015,73:891-898.
[13]LAURA M.RAMREZ E,PAAP C.Scheduling and control framework for distribution-level systems containing multiple energy carrier systems:theoretical approach and illustrative example[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2014,66:194-215.
[14]PARISIO A,VECCHIO C D,VACCARO A.A robust optimization approach to energy hub management[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2012,42:98-104.
[15]ARNOLD M,NEGENBORN R,ANDERSSON G,et al.Model-based predictive control applied to multi-carrier energy systems[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 26-30,2009,Calgary,Canada.
[16]ARNOLD M,NEGENBORN R,ANDERSSON G,et al.Distributed predictive control for energy hub coordination in coupled electricity and gas networks[C]//European Control Conference(ECC),August 23-26,2009,Budapest,Hungary.
[17]金红光,隋军,徐聪,等.多能源互补的分布式冷热电联产系统理论与方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(12):3150-3161.JIN Hongguang,SUI Jun,XU Cong,et al.Research on theory and method of multi-energy complementary distributed CCHP system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(12):3150-3161.
[18]李建林,田立亭,来小康.能源互联网背景下的电力储能技术[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(1):15-25.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150906004.LI Jianlin,TIAN Liting,LAI Xiaokang.Outlook of electrical energy storage technologies under Energy Internet background[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(1):15-25.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150906004.
[19]KRAUSE T,KIENZLE F,ART S,et al.Maximizing exergy efficiency in multi-carrier energy systems[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 25-29,2010,Providence,USA.
[20]LI Zhengshuo,GUO Qinglai,SUN Hongbin,et al.Sufficient conditions for exact relaxation of complementarity constraints for storage-concerned economic dispatch[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2016,31(2):1653-1654.
[21]焦阳,宋强,刘文华.光伏电池实用仿真模型及光伏发电系统仿真[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):198-202.JIAO Yang,SONG Qiang,LIU Wenhua.Practical simulation model of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic generation system and simulation[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):198-202.
[22]刘瑶.光伏并网变流器损耗分析与优化设计[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.LIU Yao.Loss analysis and optimization design of photovoltaic grid-connected converter[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2011.
[23]秦渊,杨洁,吕春杰.基于颜巴赫燃气内燃机的分布式能源系统变工况特性研究[J].分布式能源,2014,35(2):1-3.QIN Yuan,YANG Jie,LChunjie.Analysis of the off-design performance of DES based on JMS gas engine[J].Distributed Energy,2014,35(2):1-3.
[24]郑剑娇,郭培军,隋军,等.烟气吸收式能源互联网技术形态与关键技术[J].工程热物理学报,2012,33(8):1275-1278.ZHENG Jianjiao,GUO Peijun,SUI Jun,et al.Technology form and key skill of flue gas absorption energy internet[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2012,33(8):1275-1278.
[25]UNDERWOOD C.Advances in ground-source heat pump systems[M].UK:Woodhead Publishing,2016,387-421.
[26]KENNAI E,BANNISTER P.Simple,fully featured boiler loop modelling[C]//Eleventh International IBPSAConference,July 27-30,2009,Glasgow,Scotland:428-433.
[27]WU Z,ZHANG J,JIANG L,et al.The energy efficiency evaluation of hybrid energy storage system based on ultracapacitor and LiFePO4 battery[J].WSEAS Transactions on Systems,2012,11(3):95-105.
[28]DOLANP S,NEHRIR M,GEREZ V.Development of a Monte Carlo based aggregate model for residential electric heater loads[J].Electric Power System Research,1996,36:29-35.
[29]朱成章.关于我国电力与一次能源的比例关系[J].电力技术经济,2003,5:14-17.ZHU Chengzhang.On the relationship between the proportion of primary energy and electricity in China[J].Electric Power Technologic Economics,2003,5:14-17.