燕山地区喀喇沁变质核杂岩的构造特征与发育机制
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摘要
通过详细的野外观察与岩浆岩锆石定年,重新分析了燕山构造带北侧喀喇沁变质核杂岩的变形特征与演化历史,认为其经历了晚侏罗世与早白垩世两期伸展变形,而不是过去认为的仅发育于早白垩世.该变质核杂岩起源于晚侏罗世(156~150 Ma)NE-SW向拉伸中,最初发育了向北东缓倾、上盘向北东运动的拆离韧性剪切带,其下盘也卷入了同期韧性变形,并有岩浆活动与上叠盆地伴生.在随后的149~145 Ma期间仅发生了有限的均衡隆升.早白垩世时(141~100 Ma),区内拉伸方向转变为NW-SE向,沿着变质核杂岩两侧发育了2条NE-SW走向、倾向相背的大型脆性正断层.这2条正断层外侧的上盘控制发育了早白垩世半地堑式盆地,而其间共同的下盘发生了地垒式隆升而成为伸展穹窿,使得晚侏罗世韧性伸展构造剥露到地壳浅部.在早白垩世伸展隆升中,核部杂岩由早期至晚期先后叠加了局部的韧性变形带与脆性正断层,显示为应变局限化的特征.对该变质核杂岩演化历史与发育机制的重新厘定,一方面为燕山构造带发生过晚侏罗世伸展活动与克拉通破坏提供了构造证据,另一方面也表明该带早白垩世强烈伸展活动普遍存在,代表了克拉通的峰期破坏.
Based on new detailed field observations and magmatic zircon dating, we reanalyzed deformation characteristics and tectonic evolution of the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex in the northern Yanshan tectonic belt. We propose that two stages of extension occurred in formation of the core complex in Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, rather than only one in Early Cretaceous as previously suggested. During Late Jurassic(~156–150 Ma), the core complex originated from a shallow detachment ductile shear zone with a top-to-the-NE shear sense under NE-SW extensional stress. The footwall was ductilely deformed, and shear zone development was associated with magmatic activity and formation of rift basins. Ductile shearing was followed by limited isostatic uplift ~149–145 Ma. During Early Cretaceous(~141–100 Ma), the extensional direction switched to NW-SE, leading to development of two NEstriking major normal faults with opposite dip directions along the eastern and western edges of the core complex. Early Cretaceous half-graben basins developed on the hanging walls of both major faults, as their shared footwall rose in an extensional dome. This doming resulted in exhumation of the Late Jurassic ductile extensional structures to shallow levels. The Kalaqin metamorphic core complex was overprinted by earlier ductile deformation belts and later brittle normal faults during the extensional doming of Early Cretaceous, the deformation shows characteristics of strain localization. Our new structural evidence allows determination of the evolution and formation mechanism of the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex, and confirms extensional deformation in both Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous in the Yanshan tectonic belt. The Early Cretaceous extension is intense and widespread, and represents the peak destruction of the eastern North China Craton.
Based on new detailed field observations and magmatic zircon dating, we reanalyzed deformation characteristics and tectonic evolution of the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex in the northern Yanshan tectonic belt. We propose that two stages of extension occurred in formation of the core complex in Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, rather than only one in Early Cretaceous as previously suggested. During Late Jurassic(~156–150 Ma), the core complex originated from a shallow detachment ductile shear zone with a top-to-the-NE shear sense under NE-SW extensional stress. The footwall was ductilely deformed, and shear zone development was associated with magmatic activity and formation of rift basins. Ductile shearing was followed by limited isostatic uplift ~149–145 Ma. During Early Cretaceous(~141–100 Ma), the extensional direction switched to NW-SE, leading to development of two NEstriking major normal faults with opposite dip directions along the eastern and western edges of the core complex. Early Cretaceous half-graben basins developed on the hanging walls of both major faults, as their shared footwall rose in an extensional dome. This doming resulted in exhumation of the Late Jurassic ductile extensional structures to shallow levels. The Kalaqin metamorphic core complex was overprinted by earlier ductile deformation belts and later brittle normal faults during the extensional doming of Early Cretaceous, the deformation shows characteristics of strain localization. Our new structural evidence allows determination of the evolution and formation mechanism of the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex, and confirms extensional deformation in both Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous in the Yanshan tectonic belt. The Early Cretaceous extension is intense and widespread, and represents the peak destruction of the eastern North China Craton.
引文
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2 许文良,杨承海,杨德彬,等.华北克拉通东部中生代高Mg闪长岩——对岩石圈减薄机制的制约.地学前缘,2006,13:120–129
3 徐义刚,李洪颜,庞崇进,等.论华北克拉通破坏的时限.科学通报,2009,54:1974–1989
4 杨进辉,吴福元.华北东部三叠纪岩浆作用与克拉通破坏.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39:910–921
5 翟明国,朱日祥,刘建明,等.华北东部中生代构造体制转换的关键时限.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2003,33:913–920
6 吴福元,葛文春,孙德有,等.中国东部岩石圈减薄研究中的几个问题.地学前缘,2003,10:51–60
7 Gao S,Ridnick R L,Yuan H L,et al.Recycling lower continental crust in the North China Craton.Nature,2004,432:892–897
8 姜耀辉,蒋少涌,赵葵东,等.辽东半岛煌斑岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其对中国东部岩石圈减薄开始时间的制约.科学通报,2005,50:2161–2168
9 Zhang X H,Mao Q,Zhang H F,et al.A Jurassic peraluminous leucogranite from Yiwulüshan,western Liaoning,North China Craton:Age,origin and tectonic significance.Geol Mag,2008,145:305–320
10 Jiang Y H,Jiang S Y,Ling H F,et al.Perogenesis and tectonic implications of Late Jurassic shoshoitic lamprophyre dikes from the Liaodong Peninsula,NE China.Miner Petrol,2010,100:127–151
11 Zhang B L,Zhu G,Jiang D Z,et al.Evolution of the Yiwulushan metamorphic core complex from distributed to localized deformation and its tectonics implications.Tectonics,2012,31:TC4018,doi:10.1029/2012TC003104
12 Wu F Y,Lin J Q,Wilde S A,et al.Nature and significance of the Early Cretaceous giant igneous event in eastern China.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2005,233:103–119
13 吴福元,徐义刚,高山,等.华北岩石圈减薄与克拉通破坏研究的主要学术争论.岩石学报,2008,24:1145–1174
14 翁文灏.中国东部自中生代以来之地壳运动及火山活动.中国地质学会志,1927,1:9–36
15 赵越,张拴宏,徐刚,等.燕山板内变形带侏罗纪主要构造事件.地质通报,2004,23:854–863
16 陈印,朱光,姜大志,等.四合堂剪切带活动时代及其对燕山运动B幕时间的限定.地质学报,2013,87:295–310
17 白志民,葛世炜,鲍亦冈.燕山造山带中生代火山喷发及岩浆演化.地质论评,1999,45:534–540
18 Davis G A,Zheng Y D,Wang C.Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Yanshan fold and thrust belt,with emphasis on Hebei and Liaoning Provinces,northern China.Geol Soc Am Bull,2001,194:171–197
19 毛德宝,陈志宏,钟长汀,等.冀北北岔门沟地区中生代侵入岩地质年代学和地球化学特征研究.岩石学报,2003,19:661–674
20 吴福元,杨进辉,张艳斌,等.辽西东南部中生代花岗岩时代.岩石学报,2006,22:315–325
21 张岳桥,董树文,赵越,等.华北侏罗纪大地构造:综评与新认识.地质学报,2007,81:1462–1480
22 李伍平,李献华,路凤香.辽西中侏罗世高Sr低Y型火山岩的成因及其地质意义.岩石学报,2001,17:523–532
23 高德臻,胡道功.北京西山髫髻山向斜的形成与构造演化.见:李东旭,编.北京西山地质构造系统分析.北京:地质出版社,1995.21–28
24 邵济安,孟庆任,魏海泉,等.冀西北晚侏罗世火山-沉积盆地的性质及构造环境.地质通报,2003,22:751–761
25 武广,李忠权,李之彤.辽西地区早中生代火山岩地球化学特征及成因探讨.矿物岩石,2003,23:44–50
26 刘俊来,关会梅,纪沫,等.华北晚中生代变质核杂岩构造及其对岩石圈减薄机制的约束.自然科学进展,2006,16:21–26
27 Zhu G,Jiang D Z,Zhang B L,et al.Destruction of the eastern North China Craton in a backarc setting:Evidence from crustal deformation kinematics.Gondwana Res,2012,22:86–103
28 林伟,王军,刘飞,等.华北克拉通及邻区晚中生代伸展构造及其动力学背景的讨论.岩石学报,2013,29:1791–1810
29 邵济安,张履桥,贾文,等.内蒙古喀喇沁变质核杂岩及其隆升机制探讨.岩石学报,2001,17:283–290
30 Han B F,Zheng Y D,Gang J W,et al.The Louzidian normal fault near Chifeng,Inner Mongolia:Master fault of a quasi-metamorphic core complex.Int Geol Rev,2001,43:254–264
31 王新社,郑亚东.楼子店变质核杂岩韧性变形作用的40Ar/39Ar年代学约束.地质论评,2005,51:574–582
32张晓晖,李铁胜,蒲志平,等.内蒙古赤峰娄子店-大城子韧性剪切带的40Ar-39Ar年龄及其构造意义.科学通报,2002,47:951–956
33 林少泽,朱光,严乐佳,等.燕山构造带晚古生代挤压变形事件的构造与年代学证据.科学通报,2013,58:3597–3609
34 王彦斌,韩娟,李建波,等.内蒙赤峰楼子店拆离断层带下盘变形花岗质岩石的时代、成因及其地质意义.岩石矿物学杂志,2010,29 :763–778
35 Davis G A,Wang C,Zheng Y D,et al.The enigmatic Yin-shan fold and thrust belt northern China:New view on its intraplate contractional styles.Geology,1998,26:43–46
36 贾文.赤峰市喇嘛洞混合花岗岩的发现.内蒙古地质,1999,1:29–33
37 李永刚,翟明国,苗来成,等.内蒙古安家营子金矿与侵入岩的关系及其地球动力学意义.岩石学报,2003,19:808–816
38 欧阳志侠.华北克拉通主要变质核杂岩晚中生代花岗岩时代、成因类型对比及意义.硕士学位论文.北京:中国地质科学院,2010.1 –205
39 张舟.华北克拉通北缘二叠纪-三叠纪岩浆活动:以大营子组、宁城岩体和光头山岩体为例.硕士学位论文.北京:中国科学院研究生院,2011.1–100
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