碳材料在钙钛矿太阳电池空穴传输层中的应用进展
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摘要
在传统的钙钛矿太阳电池中,空穴传输材料价格非常昂贵且占电池成本比重较大.为降低电池成本,寻求一种价格低廉的传统空穴传输材料替代品受到研究者的广泛重视.大量的研究结果表明,碳材料以其低廉的价格、稳定的化学性质、与钙钛矿材料相匹配的功函数、良好的电荷迁移率、导电率及空穴收集能力成为最有可能代替传统空穴传输材料的希望之一.同时,以碳材料为空穴传输层的钙钛矿太阳电池效率也在逐年攀升且还有进一步提升的空间.综述了多种碳材料在钙钛矿太阳电池空穴传输层中的应用进展,指出现有研究工作存在的局限性,并简要说明未来的研究方向.
In conventional perovskite solar cell, hole transport material is very expensive and account for a large proportion of battery cost. In order to reduce the cost of the battery, finding a cheap substitute for traditional hole transport materials has attracted extensive attention from researchers. A lot of research results show that the carbon materials should be one of the most likely replacing traditional hole transport materials at their low price, stable chemical properties, work function matching perovskite materials, good charge mobility, conductivity and hole collection ability. At the same time, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells with carbon as the hole transport layer is also increasing year by year, and there is room for further improvement. The application progress of various carbon materials in the hole transport layer of perovskite solar cells is reviewed. The limitations of existing research work are pointed out, and the future research directions are briefly described.
In conventional perovskite solar cell, hole transport material is very expensive and account for a large proportion of battery cost. In order to reduce the cost of the battery, finding a cheap substitute for traditional hole transport materials has attracted extensive attention from researchers. A lot of research results show that the carbon materials should be one of the most likely replacing traditional hole transport materials at their low price, stable chemical properties, work function matching perovskite materials, good charge mobility, conductivity and hole collection ability. At the same time, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells with carbon as the hole transport layer is also increasing year by year, and there is room for further improvement. The application progress of various carbon materials in the hole transport layer of perovskite solar cells is reviewed. The limitations of existing research work are pointed out, and the future research directions are briefly described.
引文
[1]https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiency-chart.
[2] KOJIMA A,TESHIMA K,SHIRAI Y,et al.Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells[J].The American Chemical Society,2009,131(17):6050-6051.
[3] KIM H S,LEE C R,IM J H,et al.Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%[J].Scientific Reports,2012,2:6022-6025.
[4]https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiency-chart.
[5] V?LKER S F,COLLAVINI S,DELGADO J L.Organic charge carriers for perovskite solar cells[J].ChemSusChem,2015,8(18):3012-3028.
[6] HU R,CHU L,ZHANG J,et al.Carbon materials for enhancing charge transport in the advancements of perovskite solar cells[J].Power Sources,2017,361:259-275.
[7] HABISREUTINGER S N,LEIJTENS T,EPERON G E,et al.Carbon nanotube/polymer composites as a highly stable hole collection layer in perovskite solar cells[J].Nano Letters,2014,14(10):5561-5568.
[8]YANG J L,SIEMPELKAMP B D,LIU D Y,et al.Investigation of CH3NH3PbI3 degradation rates and mechanisms in controlled humidity environments using in situ techniques[J].Acs Nano,2015,9(2):1955-1963.
[9] KWON Y S,LIM J,YUN H J,et al.A diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing hole transporting conjugated polymer for use in efficient stable organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells based on a perovskite[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2014,7(4):1454-1460.
[10] LIU J,PATHAK S,STERGIOPOULOS T,et al.Employing PEDOT as the p-type charge collection layer in regular organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells[J].Physical Chemistry Letters,2015,6(9):1666-1673.
[11] ABATE A,HOLLMAN D J,TEUSCHER J,et al.Protic ionic liquids as p-dopant for organic hole transporting materials and their application in high efficiency hybrid solar cells[J].The American Chemical Society,2013,135(36):13538-13548.
[12] ABATE A,LEIJTENS T,PATHAK S,et al.Lithium salts as “redox active” p-type dopants for organic semiconductors and their impact in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2013,15(7):2572-2579.
[13] NGUYEN W H,BAILIE C D,UNGER E L,et al.Enhancing the hole-conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD without oxygen or lithium salts by using Spiro(TFSI)a in perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells[J].The American Chemical Society,2014,136(31):10996-11001.
[14] 张晴,黄其煜.碳材料在染料敏化太阳能电池和钙钛矿太阳能电池对电极中的应用进展[J].材料工程,2018,46(5):56-63.ZHANG Q,HUANG Q Y.Novel progress on application of carbon materials as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2018,46(5):56-63.(in Chinese)
[15]CHEN H,PAN X,HU W,et al.Efficient panchromatic inorganic-organic hetero junction solar cells with consecutive charge transport tunnels in hole transport material[J].Chemical Communications,2013,49(66):7277-7279.
[16] HABISREUTINGER S N,LEIJTENS T,EPERON G E,et al.Carbon nanotube/polymer composites as a highly stable hole collection layer in perovskite solar cells[J].Nano Letters,2014,14(10):5561-5568.
[17] CAI M,TIONG V T,HREID T,et al.An efficient hole transport material composite based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and bamboostructured carbon nanotubes for high performance perovskite solar cells[J].Materials Chemistry A,2014,3(6):2784-2793.
[18] LEE J Y,MENAMPARAMBATH M M,HWANG J Y,et al.Hierarchically structured hole transport layers of spiro-OMeTAD and multiwalled carbon nanotubes for perovskite solar cells[J].Chemsuschem,2015,8(14):2358-2362.
[19] WANG J,LI J,XU X,et al.Enhanced photovoltaic performance with carbon nanotubes incorporating into hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells[J].Electronic Materials,2016,45(10):5127-5132.
[20] WANG F,ENDO M,MOURI S,et al.Highly stable perovskite solar cells with an all-carbon hole transport layer[J].Nanoscale,2016,8(23):11882-11888.
[21] WANG F,KOZAWA D,MIYAUCHI Y,et al.Considerably improved photovoltaic performance of carbon nanotube-based solar cells using metal oxide layers[J].Nature Communications,2015,6(1):6305.
[22] LI R,XIANG X,TONG X,et al.Wearable double-twisted fibrous perovskite solar cell[J].Advanced Materials,2015,27(25):3831-3835.
[23] JENG J Y,CHIANG Y F,LEE M H,et al.CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/fullerene planar-heterojunction hybrid solar cells[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(27):3727-3732.
[24] WU Z,BAI S,XIANG J,et al.Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells employing graphene oxide as hole conductor[J].Nanoscale,2014,6(18):10505-10510.
[25] YAN K,WEI Z,LI J,et al.High-performance graphene-based hole conductor-free perovskite solar cells:schottky junction enhanced hole extraction and electron blocking[J].Small,2015,11(19):2269-2274.
[26] CAO J,LIU Y M,JING X,et al.Well-defined thiolated nanographene as hole-transporting material for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells[J].The American Chemical Society,2015,137 (34):10914-10917.
[27] XU T,CHEN L,GUO Z,et al.Strategic improvement of the long-term stability of perovskite materials and perovskite solar cells[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2016,18(39):27026-27050.
[28] RONG Y,KU Z,MEI A,et al.Hole-conductor-free mesoscopic TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction solar based on anatase nanosheets and carbon counter electrodes[J].Physical Chemistry Letters,2014,5(12):2160-2164.
[29] ZHANG L,LIU T,LIU L,et al.The effect of carbon counter electrode on fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell[J].Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(17):9165-9170.
[30] LIU Z,ZHANG M,XU X,et al.p-type mesoscopic NiO as an active interfacial layer for carbon counter electrodes based perovskite solar cells[J].Dalton Transactions,2015,44(9):3967-3973.
[31] XU X,LIU Z,ZUO Z,et al.Hole selective NiO contact for efficient perovskite solar cells with carbon electrode[J].Nano Letters,2015,15(4):2402-2408.《大连海事大学学报》参考文献标注方法《大连海事大学学报》参考文献标注方法采取顺序编码制,各篇文献要按正文部分标注的序号依次列出,连续编码,并将序号置于方括号中。参考文献的页码一般置于参考文献表中,如多次引用同一著者的同一文献,则在正文中标注首次引用文献的序号。参考文献为中文的,请给出该文献的英文对照。文献作者3个及以下的全部列出,4个及以上的只列前3个,后加“,等”或“,et al”;外文作者姓前名后,姓全部字母大写,名用缩写,不加缩写点。文后参考文献书写顺序、标点符号等如下。期刊:作者.题名[J].刊名(外文可缩写),年份,卷(期):起止页码.图书:作者.书名[M].版本(1版不写).出版地:出版者,年份:起止页码.报纸:作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版年月日(版次).会议录:作者.题名[C]// 会议文集名称.出版地:出版者,年份:起止页码.专著中析出文献:析出文献作者.析出文献题名[C(会议录)或M(图书)或G(汇编)或S(标准)]//专著作者.专著题名.出版地:出版者,年份:起止页码.报告:作者.题名[R].出版地:出版者,年份:起止页码.学位论文:作者.题名[D].保存地:保存单位,年份:起止页码.电子文献:作者.题名[EB/OL].(更新/修改日期)[引用日期].http://…….标准:编者.标准编号标准名称[S].出版地:出版者,年份.
[2] KOJIMA A,TESHIMA K,SHIRAI Y,et al.Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells[J].The American Chemical Society,2009,131(17):6050-6051.
[3] KIM H S,LEE C R,IM J H,et al.Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%[J].Scientific Reports,2012,2:6022-6025.
[4]https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiency-chart.
[5] V?LKER S F,COLLAVINI S,DELGADO J L.Organic charge carriers for perovskite solar cells[J].ChemSusChem,2015,8(18):3012-3028.
[6] HU R,CHU L,ZHANG J,et al.Carbon materials for enhancing charge transport in the advancements of perovskite solar cells[J].Power Sources,2017,361:259-275.
[7] HABISREUTINGER S N,LEIJTENS T,EPERON G E,et al.Carbon nanotube/polymer composites as a highly stable hole collection layer in perovskite solar cells[J].Nano Letters,2014,14(10):5561-5568.
[8]YANG J L,SIEMPELKAMP B D,LIU D Y,et al.Investigation of CH3NH3PbI3 degradation rates and mechanisms in controlled humidity environments using in situ techniques[J].Acs Nano,2015,9(2):1955-1963.
[9] KWON Y S,LIM J,YUN H J,et al.A diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing hole transporting conjugated polymer for use in efficient stable organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells based on a perovskite[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2014,7(4):1454-1460.
[10] LIU J,PATHAK S,STERGIOPOULOS T,et al.Employing PEDOT as the p-type charge collection layer in regular organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells[J].Physical Chemistry Letters,2015,6(9):1666-1673.
[11] ABATE A,HOLLMAN D J,TEUSCHER J,et al.Protic ionic liquids as p-dopant for organic hole transporting materials and their application in high efficiency hybrid solar cells[J].The American Chemical Society,2013,135(36):13538-13548.
[12] ABATE A,LEIJTENS T,PATHAK S,et al.Lithium salts as “redox active” p-type dopants for organic semiconductors and their impact in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2013,15(7):2572-2579.
[13] NGUYEN W H,BAILIE C D,UNGER E L,et al.Enhancing the hole-conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD without oxygen or lithium salts by using Spiro(TFSI)a in perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells[J].The American Chemical Society,2014,136(31):10996-11001.
[14] 张晴,黄其煜.碳材料在染料敏化太阳能电池和钙钛矿太阳能电池对电极中的应用进展[J].材料工程,2018,46(5):56-63.ZHANG Q,HUANG Q Y.Novel progress on application of carbon materials as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2018,46(5):56-63.(in Chinese)
[15]CHEN H,PAN X,HU W,et al.Efficient panchromatic inorganic-organic hetero junction solar cells with consecutive charge transport tunnels in hole transport material[J].Chemical Communications,2013,49(66):7277-7279.
[16] HABISREUTINGER S N,LEIJTENS T,EPERON G E,et al.Carbon nanotube/polymer composites as a highly stable hole collection layer in perovskite solar cells[J].Nano Letters,2014,14(10):5561-5568.
[17] CAI M,TIONG V T,HREID T,et al.An efficient hole transport material composite based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and bamboostructured carbon nanotubes for high performance perovskite solar cells[J].Materials Chemistry A,2014,3(6):2784-2793.
[18] LEE J Y,MENAMPARAMBATH M M,HWANG J Y,et al.Hierarchically structured hole transport layers of spiro-OMeTAD and multiwalled carbon nanotubes for perovskite solar cells[J].Chemsuschem,2015,8(14):2358-2362.
[19] WANG J,LI J,XU X,et al.Enhanced photovoltaic performance with carbon nanotubes incorporating into hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells[J].Electronic Materials,2016,45(10):5127-5132.
[20] WANG F,ENDO M,MOURI S,et al.Highly stable perovskite solar cells with an all-carbon hole transport layer[J].Nanoscale,2016,8(23):11882-11888.
[21] WANG F,KOZAWA D,MIYAUCHI Y,et al.Considerably improved photovoltaic performance of carbon nanotube-based solar cells using metal oxide layers[J].Nature Communications,2015,6(1):6305.
[22] LI R,XIANG X,TONG X,et al.Wearable double-twisted fibrous perovskite solar cell[J].Advanced Materials,2015,27(25):3831-3835.
[23] JENG J Y,CHIANG Y F,LEE M H,et al.CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/fullerene planar-heterojunction hybrid solar cells[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(27):3727-3732.
[24] WU Z,BAI S,XIANG J,et al.Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells employing graphene oxide as hole conductor[J].Nanoscale,2014,6(18):10505-10510.
[25] YAN K,WEI Z,LI J,et al.High-performance graphene-based hole conductor-free perovskite solar cells:schottky junction enhanced hole extraction and electron blocking[J].Small,2015,11(19):2269-2274.
[26] CAO J,LIU Y M,JING X,et al.Well-defined thiolated nanographene as hole-transporting material for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells[J].The American Chemical Society,2015,137 (34):10914-10917.
[27] XU T,CHEN L,GUO Z,et al.Strategic improvement of the long-term stability of perovskite materials and perovskite solar cells[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2016,18(39):27026-27050.
[28] RONG Y,KU Z,MEI A,et al.Hole-conductor-free mesoscopic TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction solar based on anatase nanosheets and carbon counter electrodes[J].Physical Chemistry Letters,2014,5(12):2160-2164.
[29] ZHANG L,LIU T,LIU L,et al.The effect of carbon counter electrode on fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell[J].Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(17):9165-9170.
[30] LIU Z,ZHANG M,XU X,et al.p-type mesoscopic NiO as an active interfacial layer for carbon counter electrodes based perovskite solar cells[J].Dalton Transactions,2015,44(9):3967-3973.
[31] XU X,LIU Z,ZUO Z,et al.Hole selective NiO contact for efficient perovskite solar cells with carbon electrode[J].Nano Letters,2015,15(4):2402-2408.《大连海事大学学报》参考文献标注方法《大连海事大学学报》参考文献标注方法采取顺序编码制,各篇文献要按正文部分标注的序号依次列出,连续编码,并将序号置于方括号中。参考文献的页码一般置于参考文献表中,如多次引用同一著者的同一文献,则在正文中标注首次引用文献的序号。参考文献为中文的,请给出该文献的英文对照。文献作者3个及以下的全部列出,4个及以上的只列前3个,后加“,等”或“,et al”;外文作者姓前名后,姓全部字母大写,名用缩写,不加缩写点。文后参考文献书写顺序、标点符号等如下。期刊:作者.题名[J].刊名(外文可缩写),年份,卷(期):起止页码.图书:作者.书名[M].版本(1版不写).出版地:出版者,年份:起止页码.报纸:作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版年月日(版次).会议录:作者.题名[C]// 会议文集名称.出版地:出版者,年份:起止页码.专著中析出文献:析出文献作者.析出文献题名[C(会议录)或M(图书)或G(汇编)或S(标准)]//专著作者.专著题名.出版地:出版者,年份:起止页码.报告:作者.题名[R].出版地:出版者,年份:起止页码.学位论文:作者.题名[D].保存地:保存单位,年份:起止页码.电子文献:作者.题名[EB/OL].(更新/修改日期)[引用日期].http://…….标准:编者.标准编号标准名称[S].出版地:出版者,年份.