地方石刻文献的科学史价值及其他——关于白鹤梁与褒谷石刻中宋人题记的比较分析
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摘要
白鹤梁石刻中北宋末与南宋前期冬春季枯水记录最为频繁,显示了长江上游在这一时段水位出现明显降低,是对中国古代气候史上南宋为寒冷期的真实对应,具有重要的气候变迁史价值。褒谷石门石刻中的宋人题记则偏重于利州路兴元府水利兴修、修堰护堰、用水法规,同时也反映了宋代官员祈雨"修禊"习俗。其次,两处石刻反映了流行于宋代的地方官员春游题记、祈盼国泰民安的文化风尚;其三,褒谷石门石刻与白鹤梁石刻同是中国书法史上重要的实体标本,特别是折射了宋代普通士大夫书法流变的轨迹。
In Baihe Liang stone inscription,the high-frequency record of low flow in winter and spring seasons of the late Northern Song and the early Southern Song dynasty shows the abrupt low level in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river at those times. Corresponding to the real situation that the Southern Song dynasty was a cold period in China's ancient climate history,this stone inscription is of great historic value of climate change. Baogu stone inscription is mainly about constructions of water conservancy,the dam maintenance and laws of water use in Xingyuan Prefecture,Lizhou Province. This stone inscription also records the Song officials' tradition of praying for rain and holding rituals to avoid the evil by bathing beside the river. Both stone inscription reveal the cultural practice that local officials created writings for spring outing to send a bless to the masses and the empire. The writings on both stones provide Chinese calligraphy samples,and they particularly chart the evolution of literati's handwriting in the Song dynasty.
In Baihe Liang stone inscription,the high-frequency record of low flow in winter and spring seasons of the late Northern Song and the early Southern Song dynasty shows the abrupt low level in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river at those times. Corresponding to the real situation that the Southern Song dynasty was a cold period in China's ancient climate history,this stone inscription is of great historic value of climate change. Baogu stone inscription is mainly about constructions of water conservancy,the dam maintenance and laws of water use in Xingyuan Prefecture,Lizhou Province. This stone inscription also records the Song officials' tradition of praying for rain and holding rituals to avoid the evil by bathing beside the river. Both stone inscription reveal the cultural practice that local officials created writings for spring outing to send a bless to the masses and the empire. The writings on both stones provide Chinese calligraphy samples,and they particularly chart the evolution of literati's handwriting in the Song dynasty.
引文
[1]黄海.白鹤梁题刻辑录[M].北京:中国戏剧出版社,2014.
[2]郭荣章.石门石刻大全[M].西安:三秦出版社,2001.
[3]马强.唐宋时期西部气候变迁的再考察[J].人文杂志,2007(3):136-142.
[4]郭荣章,李星.褒谷石门:世界上第一个人工隧道[N].光明日报,1987-07-14.
[5]王开.陕西古代道路交通史[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1989.
[6]欧阳修.司封员外郎许公(逖)行状[M]//欧阳文忠公全集:卷38.文渊阁四库全书本.
(1)其中《玉盆题名十二段》中的李一鰲题名为明代万历年间石刻,王昶误为宋人题名石刻。
(2)张全明:《宋代生态环境史》第二章《两宋的气候环境》,中华书局2015年出版;马强:《唐宋时期西部气候变迁的再考察》,《人文杂志》2007年第1期。
(3)明曹学佺《蜀中广记》卷九十二《著作记·通鉴释文》:“《通鉴释文》三十卷,左宣义郎眉山史炤见可撰,冯時行序。苏轼兄弟以师事之者”。
(4)范镇:《东斋纪事·补遗》:“中暉名炤,為光禄卿”。江少虞《宋朝事实类苑》卷五十《史炤母张氏》:“中晖,名炤,為光禄卿。终于于大理寺丞、国子监直讲”。
(5)《王还嗣等南宋庆元题名》:“庆元戊午中春,王还嗣、范鼐、李师章、郭拱,因修堰事来游”。郭荣章:《石门石刻大全·隧道东壁石刻》,三秦出版社2001年出版,第48页。
(6)文同:《丹渊集》卷13《狗溪迎湫祈雨辄应》。此外,文同还有《祈雨文五首》,当也作于知兴元时。《丹渊集》卷35,见文渊阁四库全书。
(7)王昶:《金石萃编》卷143《玉盆题名》。
[2]郭荣章.石门石刻大全[M].西安:三秦出版社,2001.
[3]马强.唐宋时期西部气候变迁的再考察[J].人文杂志,2007(3):136-142.
[4]郭荣章,李星.褒谷石门:世界上第一个人工隧道[N].光明日报,1987-07-14.
[5]王开.陕西古代道路交通史[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1989.
[6]欧阳修.司封员外郎许公(逖)行状[M]//欧阳文忠公全集:卷38.文渊阁四库全书本.
(1)其中《玉盆题名十二段》中的李一鰲题名为明代万历年间石刻,王昶误为宋人题名石刻。
(2)张全明:《宋代生态环境史》第二章《两宋的气候环境》,中华书局2015年出版;马强:《唐宋时期西部气候变迁的再考察》,《人文杂志》2007年第1期。
(3)明曹学佺《蜀中广记》卷九十二《著作记·通鉴释文》:“《通鉴释文》三十卷,左宣义郎眉山史炤见可撰,冯時行序。苏轼兄弟以师事之者”。
(4)范镇:《东斋纪事·补遗》:“中暉名炤,為光禄卿”。江少虞《宋朝事实类苑》卷五十《史炤母张氏》:“中晖,名炤,為光禄卿。终于于大理寺丞、国子监直讲”。
(5)《王还嗣等南宋庆元题名》:“庆元戊午中春,王还嗣、范鼐、李师章、郭拱,因修堰事来游”。郭荣章:《石门石刻大全·隧道东壁石刻》,三秦出版社2001年出版,第48页。
(6)文同:《丹渊集》卷13《狗溪迎湫祈雨辄应》。此外,文同还有《祈雨文五首》,当也作于知兴元时。《丹渊集》卷35,见文渊阁四库全书。
(7)王昶:《金石萃编》卷143《玉盆题名》。