采用现代及历史的地理及气候信息研究黄芪道地产区变迁的胁迫因素
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摘要
中国药用植物的生物学数据有着2 000多年的文字记载,特别是道地药材在传统本草著作中的记载更为详细,为从道地药材产区历史变迁信息角度探讨植物迁徙的环境生态因素提供了丰富的资源。本文通过文献数据、标本信息和基于网络自由上传图片信息的调查挖掘黄芪现代产地分布,使用地理信息系统(GIS)技术分析产地与气候因子的相关性,获知"春旱"是黄芪产区的共同环境因子,并进一步分析与黄芪产地变迁时间节点相对应的古代气候地质灾害状况,明确了"春旱"是黄芪主产区的气候必要条件之一。本文以现代气象数据为依托,结合古代气象资料,通过气象数据分析的方法进行药材道地产区变迁的理论探索,初步得出的结论和使用的方法将有助于中药材道地性的气象学研究。
In China,the biological data of medicinal plants have a lot of written records accumulated by more than 2 000 years.In particular,Dao-Di(authentic) herbs were described in more details in the writings of traditional herbal medicine,which would irreplaceable conducive to the study of plant migration.Pattern of current geographic distribution area of Astragalus membranaceus was established by collecting and analyzing the information recorded in published papers,electronic specimens and freely uploaded plant pictures.The correlation between climate factors and geographic production were analyzed by geographic information system(GIS) technique.The GIS results showed that spring drought was the common climate factor in all the production area of A.menbranaceus.Analysis of historical climate change along with the migration of A.menbranaceus further confirmed that spring drought was a prerequisite for the growth of A.menbranaceus.In this paper,the current and historical climate data were used to explore the possible reasons of production area change of Chinese medicine with the assistance of textual research based on ancient records of production area change of Chinese medicine.The preliminary obtained conclusions and methods will be helpful for exploring the influence of climate to DaoDi property of Chinese medicine.
In China,the biological data of medicinal plants have a lot of written records accumulated by more than 2 000 years.In particular,Dao-Di(authentic) herbs were described in more details in the writings of traditional herbal medicine,which would irreplaceable conducive to the study of plant migration.Pattern of current geographic distribution area of Astragalus membranaceus was established by collecting and analyzing the information recorded in published papers,electronic specimens and freely uploaded plant pictures.The correlation between climate factors and geographic production were analyzed by geographic information system(GIS) technique.The GIS results showed that spring drought was the common climate factor in all the production area of A.menbranaceus.Analysis of historical climate change along with the migration of A.menbranaceus further confirmed that spring drought was a prerequisite for the growth of A.menbranaceus.In this paper,the current and historical climate data were used to explore the possible reasons of production area change of Chinese medicine with the assistance of textual research based on ancient records of production area change of Chinese medicine.The preliminary obtained conclusions and methods will be helpful for exploring the influence of climate to DaoDi property of Chinese medicine.
引文
1萧培根,冯毓秀,诚静容,等.中药黄耆原植物和生药学的研究Ⅰ.黄耆的原植物鉴定和本草学考证.药学学报,1964,11(2):114-128.
2孙三省,张良君,褚承赤,等.黄芪药材品种的调查与鉴定.中国药学杂志,1990,25(11):643—647,699.
3田硕,苗明三.中药道地药材及演变.中医学报,2014,29(4):554—556.
4 Soja A J,Tchebakova N M,French N H,et al.Climate-induced boreal forest change:predictions versus current observations.Global Planetary Change,2007,56(3):274-296.
5朱文泉,潘耀忠,阳小琼,等.气候变化对中国陆地植被净初级生产力的影响分析.科学通报,2007,52(21):2535—2541.
6王志强,方伟华,何飞,等.中国北方气候变化对小麦产量的影响——基于EPIC模型的模拟研究.自然灾害学报,2008,17(1):109—114.
7李炳元,潘保田,韩嘉福.中国陆地基本地貌类型及其划分指标探讨.第四纪研究,2008,28(4):535—543.
8谭其骧.中国历史地图集(1—8册).北京:中国地图出版社,1996:6.
9竺可桢.中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究.考古学报,1972(1):15—38.
10王遵娅,丁一汇,何金海,等.近50年来中国气候变化特征的再分析.气象学报,2004,62(2):228—236.
11陈隆勋,周秀骥,李维亮,等.中国近80年来气候变化特征及其形成机制.气象学报,2004,62(5):634—646.
12左洪超,吕世华,胡隐樵.中国近50年气温及降水量的变化趋势分析.高原气象,2004,23(2):238—244.
13史春香,杨悦武,郭治昕,等.近红外技术鉴别黄芪产地.天津药学,2006,18(1):19—21.
14雷连娣,欧阳荔,刘雅琼,等.不同产地黄芪中元素分布特征及相关性分析.中国中药杂志,2008,33(3):255—258.
15钱丹,黄璐琦,崔光红,等.不同产地蒙古黄芪遗传关系的SRAP分析.中国中药杂志,2009,34(4):382—385.
16余坤子,刘靖,洪浩,等.黄芪种植产地与生态环境及饮片规格的调查研究.中国中药杂志,2010,35(9):1112-1115.
17沈文英,陈铭华,胡明辉.不同产地黄芪的聚类分析.广东微量元素科学,1999,6(10):49—52.
18林丽,杨扶德,李硕.甘肃7个不同产地蒙古黄芪质量的比较研究.湖南中医药大学学报,2009,29(4):24—26.
19李睿.历史时期中国竹林分布对气候变化的响应.竹子研究汇刊,2002,21(2):67—70,78.
20王邨,王松梅.近五千余年来我国中原地区气候在年降水量方面的变迁.中国科学,1987(1):104-112.
21施少华,杨怀仁,王邨.中原地区晚全新世以来的环境变化.地理学报,1992,47(2):119—128.
22张志华,吴祥定.祁连山地区年以来湿润指数及其年际变幅的变化与突变分析.第四纪研究,1994(4):368—378.
23王铮,张丕远,周清波.历史气候变化对中国社会发展的影响——兼论人地关系.地理学报,1996,51(4):329—339.
24袁冬梅.对宋代黄河水灾原因的分析.乐山师范学院学报,2004,19(9):85—89.
25施雅风.中国历史气候变化.济南.山东科学技术出版社,1996:300—466.
26邱云飞.宋朝水灾初步研究.郑州:郑州大学硕士学位论文,2006:6—25.
2孙三省,张良君,褚承赤,等.黄芪药材品种的调查与鉴定.中国药学杂志,1990,25(11):643—647,699.
3田硕,苗明三.中药道地药材及演变.中医学报,2014,29(4):554—556.
4 Soja A J,Tchebakova N M,French N H,et al.Climate-induced boreal forest change:predictions versus current observations.Global Planetary Change,2007,56(3):274-296.
5朱文泉,潘耀忠,阳小琼,等.气候变化对中国陆地植被净初级生产力的影响分析.科学通报,2007,52(21):2535—2541.
6王志强,方伟华,何飞,等.中国北方气候变化对小麦产量的影响——基于EPIC模型的模拟研究.自然灾害学报,2008,17(1):109—114.
7李炳元,潘保田,韩嘉福.中国陆地基本地貌类型及其划分指标探讨.第四纪研究,2008,28(4):535—543.
8谭其骧.中国历史地图集(1—8册).北京:中国地图出版社,1996:6.
9竺可桢.中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究.考古学报,1972(1):15—38.
10王遵娅,丁一汇,何金海,等.近50年来中国气候变化特征的再分析.气象学报,2004,62(2):228—236.
11陈隆勋,周秀骥,李维亮,等.中国近80年来气候变化特征及其形成机制.气象学报,2004,62(5):634—646.
12左洪超,吕世华,胡隐樵.中国近50年气温及降水量的变化趋势分析.高原气象,2004,23(2):238—244.
13史春香,杨悦武,郭治昕,等.近红外技术鉴别黄芪产地.天津药学,2006,18(1):19—21.
14雷连娣,欧阳荔,刘雅琼,等.不同产地黄芪中元素分布特征及相关性分析.中国中药杂志,2008,33(3):255—258.
15钱丹,黄璐琦,崔光红,等.不同产地蒙古黄芪遗传关系的SRAP分析.中国中药杂志,2009,34(4):382—385.
16余坤子,刘靖,洪浩,等.黄芪种植产地与生态环境及饮片规格的调查研究.中国中药杂志,2010,35(9):1112-1115.
17沈文英,陈铭华,胡明辉.不同产地黄芪的聚类分析.广东微量元素科学,1999,6(10):49—52.
18林丽,杨扶德,李硕.甘肃7个不同产地蒙古黄芪质量的比较研究.湖南中医药大学学报,2009,29(4):24—26.
19李睿.历史时期中国竹林分布对气候变化的响应.竹子研究汇刊,2002,21(2):67—70,78.
20王邨,王松梅.近五千余年来我国中原地区气候在年降水量方面的变迁.中国科学,1987(1):104-112.
21施少华,杨怀仁,王邨.中原地区晚全新世以来的环境变化.地理学报,1992,47(2):119—128.
22张志华,吴祥定.祁连山地区年以来湿润指数及其年际变幅的变化与突变分析.第四纪研究,1994(4):368—378.
23王铮,张丕远,周清波.历史气候变化对中国社会发展的影响——兼论人地关系.地理学报,1996,51(4):329—339.
24袁冬梅.对宋代黄河水灾原因的分析.乐山师范学院学报,2004,19(9):85—89.
25施雅风.中国历史气候变化.济南.山东科学技术出版社,1996:300—466.
26邱云飞.宋朝水灾初步研究.郑州:郑州大学硕士学位论文,2006:6—25.