类城镇化模式下的水库移民社会分层变迁——基于LRC移民村的研究
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摘要
国家政策决定移民安置模式,而水库移民类城镇化模式不同于人口自愿流动的城镇化、城中村就地城镇化及并村新建城镇化。原来的社会阶层被打破,在城镇化的3个主要方面:景观、生产、经济均呈现出阶层差异,在搬迁初期,主要表现为景观城镇化,安置稳定后,主要表现为经济城镇化和职业城镇化。新的利益关系格局逐步形成,从而重新形塑移民社会结构,而社会结构的现代化决定着城镇化水平和质量。
With regard to resettlement, the government takes a new way of affinity urbanization which is different from the urbanization of voluntary resettlement,the citycentered urbanization or the urbanization of merging villages. Such urbanization breaks the previous social stratification and reflects the following three changes:landscape,manufacturing and economics. At the beginning of resettlement,it focuses on landscape. After the steady resettlement,it then centers on economic and professional urbanization. The new interests and relationship patterns are developed to reconstruct the social structure of migrants.And the changes in the stratification structure have impact on the level and quality of urbanization.
With regard to resettlement, the government takes a new way of affinity urbanization which is different from the urbanization of voluntary resettlement,the citycentered urbanization or the urbanization of merging villages. Such urbanization breaks the previous social stratification and reflects the following three changes:landscape,manufacturing and economics. At the beginning of resettlement,it focuses on landscape. After the steady resettlement,it then centers on economic and professional urbanization. The new interests and relationship patterns are developed to reconstruct the social structure of migrants.And the changes in the stratification structure have impact on the level and quality of urbanization.
引文
[1]中国新闻网.灾害移民成为中国非自愿移民主力[N/OL].[2011-05-27].http://www.chinanews.com/fz/2011/05-27/3072036.shtml.
[2]WB.Involuntary resettlement operational policies(OP4.12)[EB/OL].[2001-12].http://search.worldbank.org/all?qterm=OP+4.12&title=&filetype=.
[3]中国水利部.2012年中国水利统计公报[EB/OL].[2013-12-11].http://www.mwr.gov.cn/zwzc/hygb/slfztjgb/201312/t20131211_520490.html.
[4]WB.Social analysis sourcebook:incorporating social dimensions into bank-supported projects[EB/OL].[2003-12].http://search.worldbank.org/all?qterm=Social+analysis+sourcebook&title=&filetype=.
[5]向华丽.安置模式对水库农村移民家庭经济发展的影响[J].西部论坛,2014(1):26-37.
[6]许源源,张艳.移民资源、权利、贫困与安置区发展:基于五强溪库区就地后靠安置移民的调查[J].西部论坛,2014(4):37-43.
[7]施国庆.东风水电站黔西库区移民环境容量分析[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1991.
[8]荀厚平,施国庆.水库移民环境容量的理论、方法及应用[J].环境科学,1993(6):51-54.
[9]徐琪,刘逸农.三峡库区移民环境容量研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[10]WANG H,Zhang R,Liu M,Bi J.The carbon emissions of Chinese cities[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012(12):6197-6206.
[11]ZHANG L.Conceptualizing Chinese urbanization under reforms[J].Habitat International,2008,32:452-470.
[12]KRUSEKOPF C C.Diversity in land-tenure arrangements under the household responsibility system in China[J].China Economic Review,2002(13):297-312.
[13]CHAN K W.Fundamentals of China's urbanization and policy[J].The China Review,2010(10):63-94.
[14]WANG Y P,WANG Y,WU J.Housing migrant workers in rapidly urbanizing regions:a study of the Chinese model in Shenzhen[J].Housing Studies,2010(25):83-100.
[15]朱宇,林李月.流动人口的流迁模式与社会保护:从“城市融入”到“社会融入”[J].地理科学,2011(2):264-271.
[16]LIU S W,ZHANG P Y,KEVIN L.Urbanization in remote areas:A case study of the Heilongjiang reclamation area,northeast China[J].Habitat International,2014,42:103-110.
[17]李路路.论社会分层研究[J].社会学研究,1999(1):101-109.
[18]边燕杰,刘勇利.社会分层、住房产权与居住质量:对中国“五普”数据的分析[J].社会学研究,2005(3):82-98.
[19]HOUT M.Otis dudley duncan's major contributions to the study of social stratification[J].Research in Social Stratification and Mobility,2007(25):109-118.
[20]ZHOU X G.The institutional logic of occupational prestige ranking:reconceptualization and reanalyses[J].American Journal of Sociology,2005(110):90-140.
[21]李培林.中国社会形势分析与预测[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004.
①目前,张店镇的商品房屋均价为1 200元/m2,油田工业区2 700元/m2,唐河县城3 000元/m2。
②调查过程中将“有工作”界定为连续工作20天以上能从中获得收入(工资、利润等)的劳动活动,部分丧失劳动能力,就业极不稳定的移民被定义为“无工作”。此外不就业的家庭妇女按其丈夫职业归类;在校学生或者20岁以下未就业青年按其父亲职业归类,父亲去世则按母亲;曾就业老人按其最后职业归类。
①让被调查者对9中大类职业进行高低排序,最高者赋值1,最低者为9。
[2]WB.Involuntary resettlement operational policies(OP4.12)[EB/OL].[2001-12].http://search.worldbank.org/all?qterm=OP+4.12&title=&filetype=.
[3]中国水利部.2012年中国水利统计公报[EB/OL].[2013-12-11].http://www.mwr.gov.cn/zwzc/hygb/slfztjgb/201312/t20131211_520490.html.
[4]WB.Social analysis sourcebook:incorporating social dimensions into bank-supported projects[EB/OL].[2003-12].http://search.worldbank.org/all?qterm=Social+analysis+sourcebook&title=&filetype=.
[5]向华丽.安置模式对水库农村移民家庭经济发展的影响[J].西部论坛,2014(1):26-37.
[6]许源源,张艳.移民资源、权利、贫困与安置区发展:基于五强溪库区就地后靠安置移民的调查[J].西部论坛,2014(4):37-43.
[7]施国庆.东风水电站黔西库区移民环境容量分析[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1991.
[8]荀厚平,施国庆.水库移民环境容量的理论、方法及应用[J].环境科学,1993(6):51-54.
[9]徐琪,刘逸农.三峡库区移民环境容量研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[10]WANG H,Zhang R,Liu M,Bi J.The carbon emissions of Chinese cities[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012(12):6197-6206.
[11]ZHANG L.Conceptualizing Chinese urbanization under reforms[J].Habitat International,2008,32:452-470.
[12]KRUSEKOPF C C.Diversity in land-tenure arrangements under the household responsibility system in China[J].China Economic Review,2002(13):297-312.
[13]CHAN K W.Fundamentals of China's urbanization and policy[J].The China Review,2010(10):63-94.
[14]WANG Y P,WANG Y,WU J.Housing migrant workers in rapidly urbanizing regions:a study of the Chinese model in Shenzhen[J].Housing Studies,2010(25):83-100.
[15]朱宇,林李月.流动人口的流迁模式与社会保护:从“城市融入”到“社会融入”[J].地理科学,2011(2):264-271.
[16]LIU S W,ZHANG P Y,KEVIN L.Urbanization in remote areas:A case study of the Heilongjiang reclamation area,northeast China[J].Habitat International,2014,42:103-110.
[17]李路路.论社会分层研究[J].社会学研究,1999(1):101-109.
[18]边燕杰,刘勇利.社会分层、住房产权与居住质量:对中国“五普”数据的分析[J].社会学研究,2005(3):82-98.
[19]HOUT M.Otis dudley duncan's major contributions to the study of social stratification[J].Research in Social Stratification and Mobility,2007(25):109-118.
[20]ZHOU X G.The institutional logic of occupational prestige ranking:reconceptualization and reanalyses[J].American Journal of Sociology,2005(110):90-140.
[21]李培林.中国社会形势分析与预测[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004.
①目前,张店镇的商品房屋均价为1 200元/m2,油田工业区2 700元/m2,唐河县城3 000元/m2。
②调查过程中将“有工作”界定为连续工作20天以上能从中获得收入(工资、利润等)的劳动活动,部分丧失劳动能力,就业极不稳定的移民被定义为“无工作”。此外不就业的家庭妇女按其丈夫职业归类;在校学生或者20岁以下未就业青年按其父亲职业归类,父亲去世则按母亲;曾就业老人按其最后职业归类。
①让被调查者对9中大类职业进行高低排序,最高者赋值1,最低者为9。