塔里木盆地库车坳陷古新统—始新统蒸发岩地球化学特征及成钾分析——以KL4井为例
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摘要
库车坳陷古新统—始新统发育巨厚的蒸发岩,尤其是盆地西部,出露多处盐矿点。本文主要研究了KL4钻孔古新统—始新统蒸发岩中钾盐矿物和含钾矿物特征,在此基础上分析了库车坳陷古新统—始新统蒸发岩地层中成钾趋势。研究发现,在含钾层段Ⅰ产出钾芒硝,层段Ⅱ产出原生钾石盐、钾石膏和含钾石盐石膏,说明古盐湖已经达到钾盐沉积阶段。钻孔化学组分分析结果显示,钻孔底部至顶部K~+浓度呈现不断富集的趋势,且最大值达到1.273%,结合离子含量、钾氯系数、镁氯系数、锂氯系数和锶钙系数等特征,进一步确定古盐湖演化过程中存在两次成钾浓缩趋势,认为含钾层段Ⅰ和Ⅱ具有成钾潜力,其中层段Ⅱ成钾潜力更大。
Paleocene-Eocene thick evaporites are developed in Kuqa depression, especially in the western part,with many salt spots. In this paper, the authors studied potash minerals and potassium-bearing salt minerals of Paleocene-Eocene evaporites so as to analyze potash-forming trend of Paleocene-Eocene evaporites in Kuqa depression. Glaserite mineral exists in potash-forming layer section Ⅰ; original sylvine, potassium gypsum and potassium-bearing halite gypsum occur in potash-forming layer section Ⅱ, indicating that ancient salt lake had reached potash deposition phase. Borehole chemical composition analysis shows that, from borehole bottom to the top, the shallower the depth, the higher the K~+ concentration, with a maximum of 1.273%. In combination with characteristics of ions content, the potassium-to-chlorine ratio, the magnesium-to-chlorine ratio, the lithium-to-chlorine ratio and the strontium-to-calcium ratio, the authors determined two potash-forming trends during ancient salt lake evolution, and initially hold that potassium layer section Ⅰ and Ⅱ have the potential to form potash, with layer section Ⅱ having larger potential to form potash.
Paleocene-Eocene thick evaporites are developed in Kuqa depression, especially in the western part,with many salt spots. In this paper, the authors studied potash minerals and potassium-bearing salt minerals of Paleocene-Eocene evaporites so as to analyze potash-forming trend of Paleocene-Eocene evaporites in Kuqa depression. Glaserite mineral exists in potash-forming layer section Ⅰ; original sylvine, potassium gypsum and potassium-bearing halite gypsum occur in potash-forming layer section Ⅱ, indicating that ancient salt lake had reached potash deposition phase. Borehole chemical composition analysis shows that, from borehole bottom to the top, the shallower the depth, the higher the K~+ concentration, with a maximum of 1.273%. In combination with characteristics of ions content, the potassium-to-chlorine ratio, the magnesium-to-chlorine ratio, the lithium-to-chlorine ratio and the strontium-to-calcium ratio, the authors determined two potash-forming trends during ancient salt lake evolution, and initially hold that potassium layer section Ⅰ and Ⅱ have the potential to form potash, with layer section Ⅱ having larger potential to form potash.
引文
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Wu Guanghui,Wang Zhaoming,Liu Yukui,et al.2004.Kinematics characteristies of the Kuqa depression in the Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,50(5):476~483(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Chen Yuhua,Yuan Heran and Du Zhiyue.1998.Discovery and study on Ordovician potash salt horizons in northern Shanxi[J].Geological Review,44(1):100~106(in Chinese with English abstract).
Deckker P D,Chivas A R,Shelley J M G,et al.1988.Ostracod shell chemistry:A new palaeoenvironmental indicator applied to a regressive/transgressive record from the Gulf of Carpentaria,Australia[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatolcgy,Palaeoecology,66(3):231~241.
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He Guangyu,Lu Huafu,Wang Liangshu,et al.2003.Evidence for Paleogene extensive Kuqa Basin,Tarim[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),39(1):40~45(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lei Ganglin,Wang Xin,Wu Chao,et al.2014.Characteristics and Deformation Mechanism of Salt Structures in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[M].Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Chenglin,Cao Yangtong,Yang Haijun,et al.2013b.Discussion on Paleogene-Neogene environmental change of salt lakes in Kuqa Foreland Basin and its potash-forming effect[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,34(5):547~558(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Chenglin,Jiao Pengcheng,Chen Yongzhi,et al.2008a.Potassium mineral assemblages found and its significance in Tertiary rock salt strata of Kuqa Basin[A].The 9th National Conference on Deposit[C].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,374~375(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Chenglin,Jiao Pengcheng,Xuan Zhiqiang,et al.2013a.Potassium mineral research progress in Paleogene evaporites of Kuqa Basin[J].Geological Review,59(2):233~234(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Chenglin,Wang Mili and Jiao Pengcheng.2008b.The ancient evaporation basin potash mineralization possibility analysis and prediction in China[A].The 9th National Conference on Deposit[C].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,368~369(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Qun,Chen Yuhua,Li Yincai,et al.1987.Mesozoic and Cenozoic Terrigenous Clastic-chemical Rock Type Salt Deposit in China[M].Beijing Science and Technology Press,63~67(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Lu Huafu,Jia Dong,Cai Dongsheng,et al.1996.Paleozoic tectonic evolution of Tarim and West Tianshan[A].Tarim Basin Petroleum Geology Research Progress[C],Beijing:Science Press,235~245(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma W D,Ma H Z,Tan H B,et al.2004.Geochemistry of brines from salt ore deposits in western Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,23(3):238~244.
Sun Xiaohong,Liu Chenglin,Xuan Zhiqiang,et al.2010.The new discovery of natural mineral strontium chloride in Kuqa Basin,Xinjiang Province[J].Geology of Chemical Minerals,32(4):211~215(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan Hongbing.2005.Geochemical Research on Ancient Salt Rock and Prospect of Sylvite Deposit Formation in Western Tarim Basin[D].Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Sciences,18~19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Liangjie,Jia Chengzao,Jin Zhijun,et al.2003.Tertiary salt pillow structures in the central sector of the Kuqa foreland fold-andthrust belt,Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,38(3):281~290(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Min,Liu Chenglin and Jiao Pengcheng.2009.Prognosis of potash resource quantity in Eogene rock salt strata of Kuqa Basin,Xingjiang[J].Mineral Deposits,28(4):503~509(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Min,Ren Yongguo and Cao Yangtong.2012.Characteristics of evaporites sedimentary evolution in Paleogene-Neogene basin and analysis of available resources in Kuqa Basin[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research,20(3):1~8(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Xin,Wang Zhaoming,Xie Huiwen,et al.2010.Cenozoic salt tectonics and physical models in the Kuqa depression of Tarim Basin[J].China Sci.Sin.Terrae,40(12):1655~1668(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Guanghui,Cai Zhenzhong,Zhao Kuanzhi,et al.2006.Salt tectonic formation mechanism discussion in Kuqa depression of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,24(2):182~186(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Guanghui,Wang Zhaoming,Liu Yukui,et al.2004.Kinematics characteristies of the Kuqa depression in the Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,50(5):476~483(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Kun,Liu Chenglin,Jiao Pengcheng,et al.2014.Geochemical characteristics and ore-prospecting indicators of salt-bearing series in No.1 exploratory drill hole of Kuqa Basin,Xinjiang[J].Mineral Deposits,33(5):1011~1019(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xi Binbin,Qian Yixiong,Shi Weijun,et al.2015.The characteristics of primary inclusions in halite in Bachu uplift of Tarim Basin andtheir implications for paleo-temperature:A case study of well Bt5[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,34(1):79~86(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xing Wanli,Liu Chenglin,Wang Anjian,et al.2013.Analysis of petrology,mineralogy and K-forming environment of Paleogene evaporites in Kuqa Foreland Basin:A case study of drill hole DZK01[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,34(5):559~566(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Jianxin,Ma Haizhou,Yang Laisheng,et al.2006.Paleaogene and Neogene tectonic environment and sedimentation of evaporite in Kuqa Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,80(2):227~235(in Chinese with English abstract).
You Haitao,Cheng Rihui and Liu Changling.2002.Paleosalinity recovery method reviewed[J].World Geology,21(2):111~117(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Chaojun and Tian Zaiyi.1998.Tertiary salt structures and hydrocarbons in Kuqa depression of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,19(1):6~11(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Hua,Liu Chenglin,Cao Yangtong,et al.2013.A tentative discussion on the time and the way of marine regression from Tarim Bay during the Cenozoic[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,34(5):577~584(in Chinese with English abstract).
曹养同,刘成林,杨海军,等.2010.新疆库车盆地古近系-新近系蒸发岩沉积旋回识别及对比[J].古地理学报,12(1):31~41.
陈书平,汤良杰,漆家福,等.2007.盐在变形中的作用:库车坳陷与东濮坳陷盐构造对比研究[J].地质学报,81(6):745~754.
陈郁华,袁鹤然,杜之岳.1998.陕北奥陶系钾盐层位的发现与研究[J].地质论评,44(1):100~106.
何光玉,卢华复,王良书,等.2003.塔里木盆地库车地区早第三纪伸展盆地的证据[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),39(1):40~45.
郭令智,施央申,卢华复,等.1992.印藏碰撞的两种远距离构造效应[A].现代地质学研究文集(上)[C].南京:南京大学出版社,81~91.
雷刚林,汪新,吴超,等.2014.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐相关构造特征及变形机理[M].石油工业出版社.
刘成林,曹养同,杨海军,等.2013b.库车前陆盆地古近纪—新近纪盐湖环境变迁及其成钾效应探讨[J].地球学报,34(5):547~558.
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